Georgia's K-12 English Language Arts Standards

Each standard below is explained in plain language, with lesson ideas and a free generator that builds a full lesson plan aligned to it. Standard text is verified against case.georgiastandards.org.

Kindergarten

K.F.CP.1
Conceptualizing Text Understand that texts communicate messages.
K.F.CP.1.a
Recognize that texts and images represent objects and ideas, have meaning, and convey messages.
K.F.CP.1.b
Recognize and interpret print messages in the environment, such as labels and signs.
K.F.CP.1.c
Distinguish between letters, words, digits, and graphics.
K.F.CP.2
Book Orientation & Directionality of Print Texts Understand the conventional layout of books and how to maneuver them.
K.F.CP.2.a
Hold books upright and begin reading at the front.
K.F.CP.2.b
Follow text from top to bottom, left to right, and turn pages from right to left.
K.F.CP.2.c
Identify the front and back covers of books and their basic elements: titles, author names, illustrator names, and graph...
K.F.CP.3
Mechanics of Print Texts Build a knowledge base of print conventions.
K.F.CP.3.a
Recognize that written words are made up of individual letters.
K.F.CP.3.b
Recognize that words are separated by spaces.
K.F.CP.3.c
Understand that sentences begin with capital letters and end with punctuation to indicate the end of a sentence.
K.F.CP.4
Alphabet Knowledge Demonstrate knowledge of the alphabet.
K.F.CP.4.a
Recite the letters of the alphabet in order.
K.F.CP.4.b
Name and identify each uppercase and lowercase letter in random order.
K.F.F.1
Oral & Silent Reading Fluency Demonstrate oral and silent reading fluency while reading texts for understanding, self-co...
K.F.F.1.a
Develop sight word vocabulary using decoding skills by reading regularly and irregularly spelled high-frequency words in...
K.F.F.1.b
Read familiar texts chorally with appropriate volume and rate.
K.F.F.1.c
Read grade-level texts with purpose and understanding.
K.F.H.1
Motor Skills & Letter/Word Formation Use fine motor skills to form legible letters and words in print.
K.F.H.1.a
Form all uppercase and lowercase letters.
K.F.H.1.b
Form words, including first and last names.
K.F.H.1.c
Use appropriate spacing between letters, words, and sentences.
K.F.H.2
Transcription & Handwriting Fluency Use working memory skills to transcribe oral language to written text and maintain m...
K.F.H.2.a
Practice basic transcription skills.
K.F.H.2.b
Begin building handwriting fluency by forming accurate letters, including those in first and last names.
K.F.P.1
Phoneme-Grapheme Correspondences Identify and produce phoneme-grapheme correspondences.
K.F.P.1.a
Identify and produce basic one-to-one phoneme-grapheme correspondences for the most frequently used sound for each conso...
K.F.P.1.b
Identify and produce both long and short vowel sounds for A, E, I, O, U.
K.F.P.2
Decoding with Phonics Use grade-level phonics skills to decode words in context and in isolation.
K.F.P.2.a
Blend letter sounds to decode simple one-syllable words, including regularly spelled high-frequency words (VC, CV, CVC).
K.F.P.2.b
Identify and decode parts of irregularly spelled high-frequency words.
K.F.P.2.e
Identify and distinguish between words that are spelled similarly by identifying the sounds of the letters that differ.
K.F.P.3
Encoding with Phonics Use grade-level phonics skills to encode words in context and in isolation.
K.F.P.3.a
Use knowledge of letter/sound correspondences to connect letters (graphemes) to sounds (phonemes) to encode simple one-s...
K.F.P.3.b
Identify and encode irregularly spelled high- frequency words.
K.F.PA.1
Rhyme Identify and produce rhyme in spoken language and oral texts.
K.F.PA.1.a
Identify and pair words that rhyme in spoken language, distinguishing them from those that do not.
K.F.PA.1.b
Orally produce words that rhyme.
K.F.PA.2
Words & Sentences Recognize the basic relationships that exist between words and sentences.
K.F.PA.2.a
Know words are put together to make sentences, and sentences communicate complete thoughts.
K.F.PA.2.b
Segment phrases and sentences into words.
K.F.PA.2.c
Know that sounds are put together to make words and that words have distinct meanings.
K.F.PA.3
Compound Words Identify and manipulate separate words in compound words.
K.F.PA.3.a
Blend and segment separate words in spoken compound words.
K.F.PA.3.b
Add, delete, and substitute single words in spoken compound words.
K.F.PA.4
Syllables Identify and manipulate syllables in spoken words.
K.F.PA.4.a
Know that syllables are word parts with one vowel sound.
K.F.PA.4.b
Count and pronounce syllables in single and multisyllabic spoken words.
K.F.PA.4.c
Blend and segment syllables in spoken words.
K.F.PA.4.d
Delete syllables in spoken words.
K.F.PA.5
Onsets & Rimes Blend and segment onsets and rimes in spoken words.
K.F.PA.5.a
Blend onsets and rimes of spoken one-syllable words.
K.F.PA.5.b
Segment onsets and rimes of spoken one-syllable words.
K.F.PA.6
Phonemic Awareness Identify and manipulate the individual sounds in spoken words.
K.F.PA.6.a
Isolate and pronounce initial, final, and then medial sounds in spoken words with three phonemes.
K.F.PA.6.b
Identify short and long vowel sounds in spoken one-syllable words.
K.F.PA.6.c
Blend, count, and segment up to three phonemes in spoken one-syllable words.
K.F.PA.6.d
Add, delete, and substitute phonemes in spoken one-syllable words with up to three phonemes.
K.L.GC.1
Grammar, Usage, & Mechanics Learn and apply conventions of Standard English grammar, usage, and mechanics to aid the com...
K.L.GC.1.1
Usage: Use nouns and verbs to share complete thoughts when speaking. (Introduce, Master)
K.L.GC.1.10
Grammar: Form and use the simple verb tenses. (Introduce)
K.L.GC.1.11
Usage: Use determiners (articles, possessive determiners, demonstrative adjectives). (Introduce)
K.L.GC.1.12
Mechanics: Capitalize proper nouns. (Introduce)
K.L.GC.1.13
Mechanics: Use periods, exclamation marks, and question marks at the end of sentences. (Introduce)
K.L.GC.1.2
Usage: Form and use singular and plural nouns when speaking. (Introduce, Master)
K.L.GC.1.3
Usage: Use interrogatives to ask questions when speaking. (Introduce, Master)
K.L.GC.1.4
Mechanics: Capitalize the first word of a sentence and the pronoun I. (Introduce, Master)
K.L.GC.1.5
Grammar: Form regular plural nouns by adding -s or -es. (Introduce)
K.L.GC.1.6
Grammar: Form and use verbs by adding -ing, -ed, or -s. (Introduce)
K.L.GC.1.7
Grammar: Use action verbs. (Introduce)
K.L.GC.1.8
Grammar: Use adjectives and adverbs. (Introduce)
K.L.GC.1.9
Grammar: Use common and proper nouns. (Introduce)
K.L.GC.2
Syntax Recognize and compose coherent sentences that express complete thoughts.
K.L.GC.2.a
Recognize that conventional sentences always include a subject and a predicate. (I)
K.L.GC.2.b
With adult support, use simple sentences to express complete thoughts in written texts. (C)
K.L.GC.2.c
With adult support, use singular and plural subjects with matching verbs. (C)
K.L.V.1
General, Academic, & Specialized Vocabulary Acquire and use general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phra...
K.L.V.1.a
Acquire general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phrases through grade-level texts and content. (I)
K.L.V.1.b
Use grade-level general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phrases to communicate in a variety of settings....
K.L.V.2
Word Analysis Acquire and apply word analysis skills to deconstruct and construct words to make meaning.
K.L.V.3
Meaning & Purpose Make connections between words and phrases and use reference materials to determine or clarify word me...
K.L.V.3.a
With adult support, determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases. (I)
K.L.V.3.b
Identify and sort common words into basic categories based on similarities and differences. (I)
K.L.V.3.e
Use knowledge of word relationships and learned vocabulary words and phrases when making word choices in speaking and wr...
K.P.AC.1
Reading like a Writer Interpret texts through the author’s lens by identifying, analyzing, and evaluating craft techniqu...
K.P.AC.1.a
Identify, apply, and analyze the literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements in ...
K.P.AC.1.b
Identify, apply, and analyze important, interesting, or effective uses of language, explaining or evaluating how specifi...
K.P.AC.1.c
Explain, analyze, and evaluate how the author’s use of sentence structure and syntax affects the target audience and sup...
K.P.AC.1.d
Describe, analyze, and evaluate the design and organization of the text, explaining how specific formats, structures, pa...
K.P.AC.2
Writing like a Reader Construct texts with the audience’s experience in mind, basing decisions about craft techniques on...
K.P.AC.2.a
Integrate literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements to appeal to target audien...
K.P.AC.2.b
Craft words and phrases in order to influence the responses, thoughts, decisions, and questions of the target audience a...
K.P.AC.2.c
Make decisions about sentence structure and syntax in order to accommodate and influence the audience and achieve a spec...
K.P.AC.2.d
Organize texts by incorporating specific formats, structures, patterns, and features to influence the audience, facilita...
K.P.AC.3
Text Design Consider the impact of text design on audience and purpose when consuming and producing texts across modes a...
K.P.AC.3.a
Explore and create texts in various modes and genres, developing and applying knowledge of how specific features impact ...
K.P.AC.3.b
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact what kinds of ideas and information are included in texts. (I/C)
K.P.AC.3.c
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact how ideas and information are structured and arranged in texts. (I/C)
K.P.AC.3.d
Consume and produce multimodal texts, integrating a variety of genres, text features, and craft techniques to influence ...
K.P.CP.1
Collaboration Collaborate with others to accomplish shared goals and projects.
K.P.CP.1.a
Arrive to group discussions and collaborative meetings prepared to be an active participant in the work. (I/C)
K.P.CP.1.b
Collaborate with others to determine group norms, establish goals and procedures, and facilitate productivity when worki...
K.P.CP.1.c
Contribute to discussions and shared projects by offering ideas, listening to the ideas of others, and providing feedbac...
K.P.CP.1.d
Work with others to discuss topics, investigate questions, solve problems, and explore and create texts. (I/C)
K.P.CP.2
Presentation Use presentation skills to tailor communication to target audiences for specific purposes.
K.P.CP.2.a
Communicate clearly to present ideas, information, and texts. (I/C)
K.P.CP.2.b
Integrate modes and genres most appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
K.P.CP.2.c
Vary tone, pace, and nonverbal gestures as appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
K.P.CP.2.d
Engage in dialogue with audiences by asking and answering questions. (I/C)
K.P.CP.2.e
Build background knowledge by reciting all or part of significant poems and speeches as appropriate by grade level. (I/C...
K.P.EICC.1
Reader & Writer Identity Build an identity as a reader and writer, developing a repertoire of resources and tools to con...
K.P.EICC.1.a
Generate, understand, monitor, and discuss personal and academic reading and writing goals, revising as appropriate. (I/...
K.P.EICC.1.b
Discuss or write about personal and academic reading and writing preferences, referring to specific techniques, topics, ...
K.P.EICC.1.c
Select, read, and write texts of personal interest and academic relevance to grade-level texts and topics. (I/C)
K.P.EICC.1.d
Build a repertoire of comprehension and composition skills, strategies, and techniques, drawing from them as needed to a...
K.P.EICC.1.e
Participate in a community of readers and writers by developing group norms, discussing texts, sharing individual writin...
K.P.EICC.1.f
Develop independence and autonomy as a reader and writer. (I/C)
K.P.EICC.2
Engagement & Intention Engage in written or spoken dialogue as author and audience for a variety of tasks and purposes, ...
K.P.EICC.2.a
Share real or imagined experiences by interpreting and constructing texts that tell or include stories. (I/C)
K.P.EICC.2.b
Make use of texts to build knowledge, develop skills, make informed decisions, and share information and ideas. (I/C)
K.P.EICC.2.c
Explain and learn concepts and processes by interpreting and constructing texts. (I/C)
K.P.EICC.2.d
Interpret and construct texts to aid the analysis and evaluation of texts and ideas. (I/C)
K.P.EICC.2.e
Consume and produce texts in order to solve problems or influence decisions. (I/C)
K.P.EICC.3
Comprehension Strategies Engage with a range of complex texts for a variety of tasks and purposes, accessing and using s...
K.P.EICC.3.a
Establish a purpose and set goals for reading, monitor comprehension, and adjust as needed. (I)
K.P.EICC.3.b
Scan and skim the text, making note of structures and sections that might be most useful. (I)
K.P.EICC.3.c
Draw from, compare, build, and integrate prior knowledge with the material in the text, addressing inconsistencies or ga...
K.P.EICC.3.d
Summarize and visualize sections of the text to maintain understanding. (I)
K.P.EICC.3.e
Make and track predictions about the events and information likely to come next. (I)
K.P.EICC.3.f
Make, track, and support inferences about different levels of meaning within the text. (I)
K.P.EICC.3.g
Determine the meanings of unfamiliar words and concepts by applying knowledge of context and of academic vocabulary and ...
K.P.EICC.4
Writing Processes Compose a range of texts for a variety of purposes and audiences, flexibly engaging in writing process...
K.P.EICC.4.a
Establish a purpose and goals for writing and identify a target audience. (C)
K.P.EICC.4.b
Plan how to organize the text by selecting modes, genres, and structures that will achieve the purpose and meet the need...
K.P.EICC.4.c
Generate ideas for content by assessing prior knowledge, gathering information from texts, and engaging in discussions w...
K.P.EICC.4.d
Link ideas and information to the organization plan, highlighting ideas and information that are most relevant, useful, ...
K.P.EICC.4.e
Construct an initial draft by integrating ideas and information; selecting words, phrases, and sentences; and incorporat...
K.P.EICC.4.f
Evaluate the text’s effectiveness based on self-review or feedback from others, determining whether the text matches the...
K.P.EICC.4.g
Make changes to the text based on self-evaluation or external feedback, revising the organization, ideas, information, w...
K.P.EICC.4.h
Edit the text, ensuring it adheres to the conventions of written language. (C)
K.P.ST.1
Context Develop and apply knowledge of key components of context such as background information, geographic location, cu...
K.P.ST.1.a
Use prior knowledge, formal or informal research, and discussions with others to identify the key components of context ...
K.P.ST.1.b
Consider how context impacts the purposes of the author and the audience. (I/C)
K.P.ST.1.c
Explore how context shapes the author’s decisions and the audience’s responses during the interpretation and constructio...
K.P.ST.2
Author, Audience, & Purpose Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and tec...
K.P.ST.2.a
Develop and apply knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish the purpose of texts being interpr...
K.P.ST.2.b
Draw from knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish a clear point of view or unique perspectiv...
K.P.ST.2.c
Draw from knowledge of how authors consider context and audience to determine which information and ideas to highlight, ...
K.T.C.1
Purpose & Audience Explain how authors of texts use language for a specific purpose and a target audience.
K.T.C.1.a
Identify the general purpose (e.g., to tell stories, to provide information, to share opinions) and target audience in a...
K.T.C.1.b
With adult support, identify different modes of communication: print, digital, auditory, and visual. (I)
K.T.C.1.c
With adult support, create texts in various modes (e.g., print, digital, auditory, and/or visual). (C)
K.T.C.2
Authors & Speakers Investigate the relationships between authors and speakers in texts.
K.T.C.2.a
Identify the authors and illustrators of picture books and explain their roles. (I)
K.T.RA.1
Research & Inquiry Build knowledge about the world by asking or generating questions about topics of interest, researchi...
K.T.RA.1.a
With adult support, ask questions about topics of interest for research. (I)
K.T.RA.1.b
With adult support, collaborate to conduct research on a shared topic of interest by gathering and organizing informatio...
K.T.RA.1.c
With adult support, share relevant and accurate information through a variety of different modes. (C)
K.T.RA.2
Curating Sources & Evidence Reference parts of texts to address a specific topic or question and explore various sources...
K.T.RA.2.a
With adult support, refer to parts of texts when supporting an idea, answer, or opinion. (I)
K.T.RA.2.b
With adult support, explore various sources of information, including print, digital, and personal communication. (I)
K.T.SS.1
Organization Identify and use organizational structures to craft meaning.
K.T.SS.1.a
Identify and use text features, including titles, headings, photos, and illustrations, to determine if a text is fiction...
K.T.SS.1.b
With adult support, use text features, including titles, illustrations, and/or labels, to add clarity/coherence to texts...
K.T.SS.1.c
With adult support, retell events and actions in sequence. (C)
K.T.SS.2
Craft Identify and use descriptive and engaging language.
K.T.SS.2.a
Identify interesting and/or descriptive words that express feelings or appeal to the senses in texts. (I)
K.T.SS.2.b
With adult support, use interesting and/or descriptive words to craft engaging texts. (C)
K.T.T.1
Narrative Techniques Identify and use narrative techniques to shape understanding.
K.T.T.1.a
Identify techniques used to craft stories, including characters, setting, and major events. (I)
K.T.T.1.c
With adult support, demonstrate an understanding of the central message, lesson, or moral of the story based on the word...
K.T.T.1.d
With adult support, compare and contrast characters and their experiences in stories across diverse cultures. (I)
K.T.T.1.e
Use a combination of drawing, labeling, writing, and dictating* to create a text with narrative techniques (e.g., charac...
K.T.T.2
Expository Techniques Identify and use expository techniques to shape understanding.
K.T.T.2.a
Identify techniques used to craft expository texts, including main topic. (I)
K.T.T.2.b
With adult support, describe the connection between two individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information in a text. ...
K.T.T.2.d
Use a combination of drawing, labeling, writing, and dictating* to create a text with expository techniques that include...
K.T.T.3
Opinion Techniques Identify and use opinion techniques to shape understanding.
K.T.T.3.a
Explain the difference between opinions and facts about a topic. (I)
K.T.T.3.c
Use a combination of drawing, labeling, writing, and dictating* to express an opinion about a topic. (C)
K.T.T.4
Poetic Techniques Identify and use poetic techniques to shape understanding.
K.T.T.4.a
Identify poetic techniques used to craft poetic texts, including rhyme. (I)
K.T.T.4.b
With adult support, use poetic techniques to create poems that may or may not rhyme. (C)

Grade 1

1.F.F.1
Oral & Silent Reading Fluency Demonstrate oral and silent reading fluency while reading texts for understanding, self-co...
1.F.F.1.a
Increase sight word vocabulary using decoding skills by reading grade- appropriate regularly and irregularly spelled wor...
1.F.F.1.b
Read a wide range of grade-level texts aloud with increasing accuracy.
1.F.F.1.c
Read a wide range of grade-level texts aloud with appropriate prosody (phrasing, expression, juncture/pause, and intonat...
1.F.F.1.d
Self-correct while reading text (silently or aloud) to improve comprehension and fluency, rereading as necessary.
1.F.H.1
Motor Skills & Letter/Word Formation Use fine motor skills to form legible letters and words in print.
1.F.H.1.a
Form all uppercase and lowercase letters and words with accuracy and consistency.
1.F.H.1.b
Form words with accuracy and consistency.
1.F.H.1.c
Use appropriate spacing between letters, words, and sentences across lines on a page.
1.F.H.2
Transcription & Handwriting Fluency Use working memory to transcribe oral language to written text and maintain meaning ...
1.F.H.2.a
Perform basic transcription skills.
1.F.H.2.b
Build handwriting fluency by forming accurate letters and words with increasing speed.
1.F.P.1
Phoneme-Grapheme Correspondences Identify and produce phoneme-grapheme correspondences.
1.F.P.1.a
Identify and produce phoneme-grapheme correspondences for frequently used consonant blends and digraphs.
1.F.P.1.b
Identify and produce both long and short vowel sounds for A, E, I, O, U, including final -e and vowel digraphs.
1.F.P.2
Decoding with Phonics Use grade-level phonics skills to decode words in context and in isolation.
1.F.P.2.a
Decode regularly spelled one-syllable words with a variety of spelling patterns (VC, CV, CVC, CVCe, VCC, CCVC, CVCC, CVV...
1.F.P.2.b
Identify and decode parts of irregularly spelled words, including high-frequency words.
1.F.P.2.c
Decode one-syllable nonsense words with a variety of spelling patterns (VC, CV, CVC, CVCe, VCC, CCVC, CVCC, CVVC, CCVCC)...
1.F.P.2.d
Decode two-syllable words with basic patterns by applying knowledge of basic syllable types.
1.F.P.3
Encoding with Phonics Use grade-level phonics skills to encode words in context and in isolation.
1.F.P.3.a
Encode regularly spelled one-syllable words with a variety of spelling patterns (VC, CVC, CVCe, VCC, CCVC, CVCC, CCVCC),...
1.F.P.3.b
Identify and encode irregularly spelled words, including high-frequency words.
1.F.P.3.c
Encode one-syllable nonsense words with a variety of spelling patterns (VC, CVC, CVCe, VCC, CCVC, CVCC, CCVCC).
1.F.P.3.d
Encode two-syllable words with basic patterns by applying knowledge of basic syllable types.
1.F.PA.4
Syllables Identify and manipulate syllables in spoken words.
1.F.PA.4.a
Reinforce as appropriate.
1.F.PA.4.b
Reinforce as appropriate.
1.F.PA.4.c
Reinforce as appropriate.
1.F.PA.4.d
Add, delete, and substitute syllables in spoken words.
1.F.PA.5
Onsets & Rimes Blend and segment onsets and rimes in spoken words.
1.F.PA.5.a
Blend onsets and rimes of spoken one-syllable words with blends, digraphs, and trigraphs in the initial and final positi...
1.F.PA.5.b
Segment onsets and rimes of spoken one-syllable words with blends, digraphs, and trigraphs in the initial and final posi...
1.F.PA.6
Phonemic Awareness Identify and manipulate the individual sounds in spoken words.
1.F.PA.6.a
Isolate and pronounce initial, medial, and final sounds in spoken one- syllable words, including words with digraphs and...
1.F.PA.6.b
Distinguish between short and long vowel sounds in spoken one-syllable words.
1.F.PA.6.c
Blend and segment up to five phonemes, including consonant blends and digraphs, in spoken words.
1.F.PA.6.d
Add, delete, and substitute phonemes in spoken one-syllable words with three or more phonemes.
1.L.GC.1
Grammar, Usage, & Mechanics Learn and apply conventions of Standard English grammar, usage, and mechanics to aid the com...
1.L.GC.1.10
Grammar: Form and use the simple verb tenses. (Continue)
1.L.GC.1.11
Usage: Use determiners (articles, possessive determiners, demonstrative adjectives). (Continue)
1.L.GC.1.12
Mechanics: Capitalize proper nouns. (Continue)
1.L.GC.1.13
Mechanics: Use periods, exclamation marks, and question marks at the end of sentences. (Continue)
1.L.GC.1.14
Grammar: Form plural nouns by changing -y to -ies. (Introduce)
1.L.GC.1.15
Grammar: Use personal pronouns (subject, object, and possessive). (Introduce)
1.L.GC.1.16
Grammar: Use frequently occurring prepositions. (Introduce)
1.L.GC.1.17
Mechanics: Use commas to separate items in a series and to format dates, addresses, salutations, and closings. (Introduc...
1.L.GC.1.18
Mechanics: Use apostrophes to form contractions and singular possessive nouns. (Introduce)
1.L.GC.1.19
Grammar: Form and use irregular plural nouns. (Introduce)
1.L.GC.1.20
Grammar: Form and use the past tense of irregular verbs. (Introduce)
1.L.GC.1.21
Grammar: Use coordinating conjunctions to join words, phrases, or clauses. (Introduce)
1.L.GC.1.5
Grammar: Form regular plural nouns by adding -s or -es. (Master)
1.L.GC.1.6
Grammar: Form and use verbs by adding -ing, -ed, or -s. (Master)
1.L.GC.1.7
Grammar: Use action verbs. (Master)
1.L.GC.1.8
Grammar: Use adjectives and adverbs. (Continue)
1.L.GC.1.9
Grammar: Use common and proper nouns. (Continue)
1.L.GC.2
Syntax Recognize and compose coherent sentences that express complete thoughts.
1.L.GC.2.a
Distinguish between complete and incomplete simple sentences, and identify sentence type (i.e., declarative, imperative,...
1.L.GC.2.b
Use a variety of simple sentences (including a variety of sentence types) to develop clarity in written texts. (C)
1.L.GC.2.c
Use singular and plural subjects with matching verbs. (C)
1.L.GC.2.d
With adult support, use adjectives or adverbs to add details or clarify meaning. (C)
1.L.V.1
General, Academic, & Specialized Vocabulary Acquire and use general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phra...
1.L.V.1.a
Acquire general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phrases through grade-level texts and content. (I)
1.L.V.1.b
Use grade-level general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phrases to communicate in a variety of settings....
1.L.V.2
Word Analysis Acquire and apply word analysis skills to deconstruct and construct words to make meaning.
1.L.V.2.a
Identify frequently occurring root words (e.g., look) and inflectional endings used to form and comprehend new words (e....
1.L.V.2.c
Construct words using frequently occurring root words and inflectional endings. (C)
1.L.V.3
Meaning & Purpose Make connections between words and phrases and use reference materials to determine or clarify word me...
1.L.V.3.a
Use context within and beyond a sentence to determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and p...
1.L.V.3.b
Identify the relationship between words and their synonyms and antonyms. (I)
1.L.V.3.c
Distinguish shades of meaning among verbs that describe the same general action (e.g., walk, march, strut, prance). (I)
1.L.V.3.d
With teacher support, use a picture dictionary or digital resource to clarify the meaning of unknown words and phrases. ...
1.L.V.3.e
Use knowledge of word relationships and learned vocabulary words and phrases when making word choices in speaking and wr...
1.P.AC.1
Reading like a Writer Interpret texts through the author’s lens by identifying, analyzing, and evaluating craft techniqu...
1.P.AC.1.a
Identify, apply, and analyze the literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements in ...
1.P.AC.1.b
Identify, apply, and analyze important, interesting, or effective uses of language, explaining or evaluating how specifi...
1.P.AC.1.c
Explain, analyze, and evaluate how the author’s use of sentence structure and syntax affects the target audience and sup...
1.P.AC.1.d
Describe, analyze, and evaluate the design and organization of the text, explaining how specific formats, structures, pa...
1.P.AC.2
Writing like a Reader Construct texts with the audience’s experience in mind, basing decisions about craft techniques on...
1.P.AC.2.a
Integrate literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements to appeal to target audien...
1.P.AC.2.b
Craft words and phrases in order to influence the responses, thoughts, decisions, and questions of the target audience a...
1.P.AC.2.c
Make decisions about sentence structure and syntax in order to accommodate and influence the audience and achieve a spec...
1.P.AC.2.d
Organize texts by incorporating specific formats, structures, patterns, and features to influence the audience, facilita...
1.P.AC.3
Text Design Consider the impact of text design on audience and purpose when consuming and producing texts across modes a...
1.P.AC.3.a
Explore and create texts in various modes and genres, developing and applying knowledge of how specific features impact ...
1.P.AC.3.b
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact what kinds of ideas and information are included in texts. (I/C)
1.P.AC.3.c
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact how ideas and information are structured and arranged in texts. (I/C)
1.P.AC.3.d
Consume and produce multimodal texts, integrating a variety of genres, text features, and craft techniques to influence ...
1.P.CP.1
Collaboration Collaborate with others to accomplish shared goals and projects.
1.P.CP.1.a
Arrive to group discussions and collaborative meetings prepared to be an active participant in the work. (I/C)
1.P.CP.1.b
Collaborate with others to determine group norms, establish goals and procedures, and facilitate productivity when worki...
1.P.CP.1.c
Contribute to discussions and shared projects by offering ideas, listening to the ideas of others, and providing feedbac...
1.P.CP.1.d
Work with others to discuss topics, investigate questions, solve problems, and explore and create texts. (I/C)
1.P.CP.2
Presentation Use presentation skills to tailor communication to target audiences for specific purposes.
1.P.CP.2.a
Communicate clearly to present ideas, information, and texts. (I/C)
1.P.CP.2.b
Integrate modes and genres most appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
1.P.CP.2.c
Vary tone, pace, and nonverbal gestures as appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
1.P.CP.2.d
Engage in dialogue with audiences by asking and answering questions. (I/C)
1.P.CP.2.e
Build background knowledge by reciting all or part of significant poems and speeches as appropriate by grade level. (I/C...
1.P.EICC.1
Reader & Writer Identity Build an identity as a reader and writer, developing a repertoire of resources and tools to con...
1.P.EICC.1.a
Generate, understand, monitor, and discuss personal and academic reading and writing goals, revising as appropriate. (I/...
1.P.EICC.1.b
Discuss or write about personal and academic reading and writing preferences, referring to specific techniques, topics, ...
1.P.EICC.1.c
Select, read, and write texts of personal interest and academic relevance to grade-level texts and topics. (I/C)
1.P.EICC.1.d
Build a repertoire of comprehension and composition skills, strategies, and techniques, drawing from them as needed to a...
1.P.EICC.1.e
Participate in a community of readers and writers by developing group norms, discussing texts, sharing individual writin...
1.P.EICC.1.f
Develop independence and autonomy as a reader and writer. (I/C)
1.P.EICC.2
Engagement & Intention Engage in written or spoken dialogue as author and audience for a variety of tasks and purposes, ...
1.P.EICC.2.a
Share real or imagined experiences by interpreting and constructing texts that tell or include stories. (I/C)
1.P.EICC.2.b
Make use of texts to build knowledge, develop skills, make informed decisions, and share information and ideas. (I/C)
1.P.EICC.2.c
Explain and learn concepts and processes by interpreting and constructing texts. (I/C)
1.P.EICC.2.d
Interpret and construct texts to aid the analysis and evaluation of texts and ideas. (I/C)
1.P.EICC.2.e
Consume and produce texts in order to solve problems or influence decisions. (I/C)
1.P.EICC.3
Comprehension Strategies Engage with a range of complex texts for a variety of tasks and purposes, accessing and using s...
1.P.EICC.3.a
Establish a purpose and set goals for reading, monitor comprehension, and adjust as needed. (I)
1.P.EICC.3.b
Scan and skim the text, making note of structures and sections that might be most useful. (I)
1.P.EICC.3.c
Draw from, compare, build, and integrate prior knowledge with the material in the text, addressing inconsistencies or ga...
1.P.EICC.3.d
Summarize and visualize sections of the text to maintain understanding. (I)
1.P.EICC.3.e
Make and track predictions about the events and information likely to come next. (I)
1.P.EICC.3.f
Make, track, and support inferences about different levels of meaning within the text. (I)
1.P.EICC.3.g
Determine the meanings of unfamiliar words and concepts by applying knowledge of context and of academic vocabulary and ...
1.P.EICC.4
Writing Processes Compose a range of texts for a variety of purposes and audiences, flexibly engaging in writing process...
1.P.EICC.4.a
Establish a purpose and goals for writing and identify a target audience. (C)
1.P.EICC.4.b
Plan how to organize the text by selecting modes, genres, and structures that will achieve the purpose and meet the need...
1.P.EICC.4.c
Generate ideas for content by assessing prior knowledge, gathering information from texts, and engaging in discussions w...
1.P.EICC.4.d
Link ideas and information to the organization plan, highlighting ideas and information that are most relevant, useful, ...
1.P.EICC.4.e
Construct an initial draft by integrating ideas and information; selecting words, phrases, and sentences; and incorporat...
1.P.EICC.4.f
Evaluate the text’s effectiveness based on self-review or feedback from others, determining whether the text matches the...
1.P.EICC.4.g
Make changes to the text based on self-evaluation or external feedback, revising the organization, ideas, information, w...
1.P.EICC.4.h
Edit the text, ensuring it adheres to the conventions of written language. (C)
1.P.ST.1
Context Develop and apply knowledge of key components of context such as background information, geographic location, cu...
1.P.ST.1.a
Use prior knowledge, formal or informal research, and discussions with others to identify the key components of context ...
1.P.ST.1.b
Consider how context impacts the purposes of the author and the audience. (I/C)
1.P.ST.1.c
Explore how context shapes the author’s decisions and the audience’s responses during the interpretation and constructio...
1.P.ST.2
Author, Audience, & Purpose Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and tec...
1.P.ST.2.a
Develop and apply knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish the purpose of texts being interpr...
1.P.ST.2.b
Draw from knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish a clear point of view or unique perspectiv...
1.P.ST.2.c
Draw from knowledge of how authors consider context and audience to determine which information and ideas to highlight, ...
1.T.C.1
Purpose & Audience Explain how authors of texts use language for a specific purpose and a target audience.
1.T.C.1.a
Identify the general purpose (e.g., to tell stories, to provide information, to share opinions, to explain ideas) and ta...
1.T.C.1.b
Identify different modes of communication: print, digital, auditory, and visual. (I)
1.T.C.1.c
Create texts in teacher-selected modes (e.g., print, digital, auditory, and/or visual). (C)
1.T.C.2
Authors & Speakers Investigate the relationships between authors and speakers in texts.
1.T.C.2.a
Identify who is speaking or telling the story at various points in a text. (I)
1.T.RA.1
Research & Inquiry Build knowledge about the world by asking or generating questions about topics of interest, researchi...
1.T.RA.1.a
Ask questions about topics of interest for research. (I)
1.T.RA.1.b
Work collaboratively or individually to conduct research on a shared or personal topic of interest by gathering and orga...
1.T.RA.1.c
Share relevant and accurate information through a variety of different modes. (C)
1.T.RA.2
Curating Sources & Evidence Reference parts of texts to address a specific topic or question and explore various sources...
1.T.RA.2.a
Refer to parts of texts when supporting an idea, answer, or opinion. (I)
1.T.RA.2.b
Explore various sources of information, including print, digital, and personal communication. (I)
1.T.SS.1
Organization Identify and use organizational structures to craft meaning.
1.T.SS.1.a
Identify and use various text features (e.g., diagrams, tables of contents) to locate information and make meaning in te...
1.T.SS.1.b
Use text features (e.g., illustrations, page numbers, bold print, headings) to add clarity and meaning to texts. (C)
1.T.SS.1.c
Use transition words or phrases, such as once upon a time, next, and last, to sequence events and actions. (C)
1.T.SS.2
Craft Identify and use descriptive and engaging language.
1.T.SS.2.a
Identify and explain the use of descriptive words in texts. (I)
1.T.SS.2.b
Use descriptive words to craft engaging texts. (C)
1.T.T.1
Narrative Techniques Identify and use narrative techniques to shape understanding.
1.T.T.1.a
Identify techniques used to craft stories, including characters, setting, major events, and dialogue. (I)
1.T.T.1.b
Identify a simple plot with a problem and solution. (I)
1.T.T.1.c
Describe traits of the main characters and explain how their words and actions support the central message, lesson, or m...
1.T.T.1.d
With adult support, compare and contrast characters and their experiences in stories across diverse cultures. (I)
1.T.T.1.e
Use knowledge of narrative techniques (e.g., characters, settings, events) to create texts that share real or imagined e...
1.T.T.2
Expository Techniques Identify and use expository techniques to shape understanding.
1.T.T.2.a
Identify techniques used to craft expository texts, including main topic and supporting details. (I)
1.T.T.2.b
Describe the connection between two individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information in a text. (I)
1.T.T.2.d
Use knowledge of expository techniques to introduce a topic, supply facts about the topic, and provide a sense of closur...
1.T.T.3
Opinion Techniques Identify and use opinion techniques to shape understanding.
1.T.T.3.a
Identify techniques used to craft opinion texts, including the author’s opinion and supporting reasons. (I)
1.T.T.3.c
Use knowledge of opinion techniques to create opinion pieces that introduce the topic, state an opinion about the topic,...
1.T.T.4
Poetic Techniques Identify and use poetic techniques to shape understanding.
1.T.T.4.a
Identify and describe poetic techniques used to craft texts, including rhyme, alliteration, and repeated lines. (I)
1.T.T.4.b
Use poetic techniques to create poems using simple words and/or phrases that may or may not rhyme. (C)

Grade 2

2.F.F.1
Oral & Silent Reading Fluency Demonstrate oral and silent reading fluency while reading texts for understanding, self-co...
2.F.F.1.a
Increase sight word vocabulary using decoding skills by reading grade appropriate regularly and irregularly spelled word...
2.F.F.1.b
Read a wide range of grade-level texts aloud with increasing automaticity.
2.F.F.1.c
Read a wide range of grade-level texts aloud with appropriate prosody (phrasing, expression, juncture/pause, and intonat...
2.F.F.1.d
Self-correct while reading text (silently or aloud) to improve comprehension and fluency, rereading as necessary.
2.F.H.1
Motor Skills & Letter/Word Formation Use fine motor skills to form legible letters and words in print.
2.F.H.1.a
Form all uppercase and lowercase letters and words with accuracy, consistency, and efficiency.
2.F.H.1.b
Form words and sentences efficiently.
2.F.H.1.c
Use appropriate spacing throughout the body of a text.
2.F.H.2
Transcription & Handwriting Fluency Use working memory to transcribe oral language to written text and maintain meaning ...
2.F.H.2.a
Efficiently and accurately transcribe text.
2.F.H.2.b
Track and maintain speed and efficiency while forming words and sentences.
2.F.P.1
Phoneme-Grapheme Correspondences Identify and produce phoneme-grapheme correspondences.
2.F.P.1.a
Identify and produce all phoneme- grapheme correspondences for all consonants, including consonant blends and digraphs.
2.F.P.1.b
Identify and produce both long and short vowel sounds for A, E, I, O, U, including final -e, vowel digraphs, r-controlle...
2.F.P.2
Decoding with Phonics Use grade-level phonics skills to decode words in context and in isolation.
2.F.P.2.a
Decode regularly spelled two-syllable words with a variety of spelling patterns (VVCC, VVCe, VCCC, VVCCC) by applying kn...
2.F.P.2.b
Identify and decode parts of irregularly spelled words, including high-frequency words.
2.F.P.2.c
Decode two-syllable nonsense words by applying rules of basic phonics skills (VVCC, VVCe, VCCC, VVCCC).
2.F.P.2.d
Decode two-syllable words by applying knowledge of all major syllable types.
2.F.P.3
Encoding with Phonics Use grade-level phonics skills to encode words in context and in isolation.
2.F.P.3.a
Encode regularly spelled two-syllable words with a variety of spelling patterns (VVCC, VVCe, VCCC, VVCCC) by applying kn...
2.F.P.3.b
Identify and encode irregularly spelled words, including high-frequency words.
2.F.P.3.c
Encode two-syllable nonsense words with a variety of spelling patterns (VVCC, VVCe, VCCC, VVCCC).
2.F.P.3.d
Encode two-syllable words by applying knowledge of all major syllable types.
2.L.GC.1
Grammar, Usage, & Mechanics Learn and apply conventions of Standard English grammar, usage, and mechanics to aid the com...
2.L.GC.1.10
Grammar: Form and use the simple verb tenses. (Master)
2.L.GC.1.11
Usage: Use determiners (articles, possessive determiners, demonstrative adjectives). (Master)
2.L.GC.1.12
Mechanics: Capitalize proper nouns. (Master)
2.L.GC.1.13
Mechanics: Use periods, exclamation marks, and question marks at the end of sentences. (Master)
2.L.GC.1.14
Grammar: Form plural nouns by changing -y to -ies. (Master)
2.L.GC.1.15
Grammar: Use personal pronouns (subject, object, and possessive). (Master)
2.L.GC.1.16
Grammar: Use frequently occurring prepositions. (Master)
2.L.GC.1.17
Mechanics: Use commas to separate items in a series and to format dates, addresses, salutations, and closings. (Master)
2.L.GC.1.18
Mechanics: Use apostrophes to form contractions and singular possessive nouns. (Continue)
2.L.GC.1.19
Grammar: Form and use irregular plural nouns. (Continue)
2.L.GC.1.20
Grammar: Form and use the past tense of irregular verbs. (Continue)
2.L.GC.1.21
Grammar: Use coordinating conjunctions to join words, phrases, or clauses. (Continue)
2.L.GC.1.22
Grammar: Form and use verbs by adding -d or -es. (Introduce, Master)
2.L.GC.1.23
Grammar: Use collective and abstract nouns. (Introduce)
2.L.GC.1.24
Grammar: Use reflexive pronouns. (Introduce)
2.L.GC.1.25
Mechanics: Use commas with coordinating conjunctions to join independent clauses. (Introduce)
2.L.GC.1.26
Mechanics: Use hyphens to divide words at line breaks. (Introduce)
2.L.GC.1.27
Grammar: Form and use prepositional phrases. (Introduce)
2.L.GC.1.28
Grammar: Form and use comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs. (Introduce)
2.L.GC.1.29
Usage: Ensure pronoun-antecedent agreement. (Introduce)
2.L.GC.1.30
Mechanics: Recognize and use conventional capitalization, quotation marks, and commas to indicate exact words and dialog...
2.L.GC.1.8
Grammar: Use adjectives and adverbs. (Master)
2.L.GC.1.9
Grammar: Use common and proper nouns. (Master)
2.L.GC.2
Syntax Recognize and compose coherent sentences that express complete thoughts.
2.L.GC.2.a
Distinguish between simple and compound sentences, and identify the sentence type (i.e., declarative, imperative, interr...
2.L.GC.2.b
Use a variety of simple and compound sentences (including a variety of sentence types) to develop clarity and coherence ...
2.L.GC.2.c
Use correct subject and verb agreement in sentence constructions. (C)
2.L.GC.2.d
Develop ideas or information in texts by using adjectives or adverbs to add details or clarify meaning. (C)
2.L.V.1
General, Academic, & Specialized Vocabulary Acquire and use general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phra...
2.L.V.1.a
Acquire general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phrases through grade-level texts and content. (I)
2.L.V.1.b
Use grade-level general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phrases to communicate in a variety of settings....
2.L.V.2
Word Analysis Acquire and apply word analysis skills to deconstruct and construct words to make meaning.
2.L.V.2.a
Identify and use frequently occurring root words and affixes (e.g., prefixes, suffixes) to deconstruct words to determin...
2.L.V.2.c
Construct words using frequently occurring root words and affixes. (C)
2.L.V.3
Meaning & Purpose Make connections between words and phrases and use reference materials to determine or clarify word me...
2.L.V.3.a
Use context within and beyond a sentence to determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and p...
2.L.V.3.b
Determine the relationship between words and their synonyms and antonyms. (I)
2.L.V.3.c
Distinguish shades of meaning among verbs that differ in manner (e.g., look, peek, glance, stare, glare, scowl) and adje...
2.L.V.3.d
Use glossaries and beginning dictionaries, both print and digital, to determine or clarify the meaning of words and phra...
2.L.V.3.e
Use knowledge of word relationships and learned vocabulary words and phrases when making word choices in speaking and wr...
2.P.AC.1
Reading like a Writer Interpret texts through the author’s lens by identifying, analyzing, and evaluating craft techniqu...
2.P.AC.1.a
Identify, apply, and analyze the literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements in ...
2.P.AC.1.b
Identify, apply, and analyze important, interesting, or effective uses of language, explaining or evaluating how specifi...
2.P.AC.1.c
Explain, analyze, and evaluate how the author’s use of sentence structure and syntax affects the target audience and sup...
2.P.AC.1.d
Describe, analyze, and evaluate the design and organization of the text, explaining how specific formats, structures, pa...
2.P.AC.2
Writing like a Reader Construct texts with the audience’s experience in mind, basing decisions about craft techniques on...
2.P.AC.2.a
Integrate literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements to appeal to target audien...
2.P.AC.2.b
Craft words and phrases in order to influence the responses, thoughts, decisions, and questions of the target audience a...
2.P.AC.2.c
Make decisions about sentence structure and syntax in order to accommodate and influence the audience and achieve a spec...
2.P.AC.2.d
Organize texts by incorporating specific formats, structures, patterns, and features to influence the audience, facilita...
2.P.AC.3
Text Design Consider the impact of text design on audience and purpose when consuming and producing texts across modes a...
2.P.AC.3.a
Explore and create texts in various modes and genres, developing and applying knowledge of how specific features impact ...
2.P.AC.3.b
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact what kinds of ideas and information are included in texts. (I/C)
2.P.AC.3.c
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact how ideas and information are structured and arranged in texts. (I/C)
2.P.AC.3.d
Consume and produce multimodal texts, integrating a variety of genres, text features, and craft techniques to influence ...
2.P.CP.1
Collaboration Collaborate with others to accomplish shared goals and projects.
2.P.CP.1.a
Arrive to group discussions and collaborative meetings prepared to be an active participant in the work. (I/C)
2.P.CP.1.b
Collaborate with others to determine group norms, establish goals and procedures, and facilitate productivity when worki...
2.P.CP.1.c
Contribute to discussions and shared projects by offering ideas, listening to the ideas of others, and providing feedbac...
2.P.CP.1.d
Work with others to discuss topics, investigate questions, solve problems, and explore and create texts. (I/C)
2.P.CP.2
Presentation Use presentation skills to tailor communication to target audiences for specific purposes.
2.P.CP.2.a
Communicate clearly to present ideas, information, and texts. (I/C)
2.P.CP.2.b
Integrate modes and genres most appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
2.P.CP.2.c
Vary tone, pace, and nonverbal gestures as appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
2.P.CP.2.d
Engage in dialogue with audiences by asking and answering questions. (I/C)
2.P.CP.2.e
Build background knowledge by reciting all or part of significant poems and speeches as appropriate by grade level. (I/C...
2.P.EICC.1
Reader & Writer Identity Build an identity as a reader and writer, developing a repertoire of resources and tools to con...
2.P.EICC.1.a
Generate, understand, monitor, and discuss personal and academic reading and writing goals, revising as appropriate. (I/...
2.P.EICC.1.b
Discuss or write about personal and academic reading and writing preferences, referring to specific techniques, topics, ...
2.P.EICC.1.c
Select, read, and write texts of personal interest and academic relevance to grade-level texts and topics. (I/C)
2.P.EICC.1.d
Build a repertoire of comprehension and composition skills, strategies, and techniques, drawing from them as needed to a...
2.P.EICC.1.e
Participate in a community of readers and writers by developing group norms, discussing texts, sharing individual writin...
2.P.EICC.1.f
Develop independence and autonomy as a reader and writer. (I/C)
2.P.EICC.2
Engagement & Intention Engage in written or spoken dialogue as author and audience for a variety of tasks and purposes, ...
2.P.EICC.2.a
Share real or imagined experiences by interpreting and constructing texts that tell or include stories. (I/C)
2.P.EICC.2.b
Make use of texts to build knowledge, develop skills, make informed decisions, and share information and ideas. (I/C)
2.P.EICC.2.c
Explain and learn concepts and processes by interpreting and constructing texts. (I/C)
2.P.EICC.2.d
Interpret and construct texts to aid the analysis and evaluation of texts and ideas. (I/C)
2.P.EICC.2.e
Consume and produce texts in order to solve problems or influence decisions. (I/C)
2.P.EICC.3
Comprehension Strategies Engage with a range of complex texts for a variety of tasks and purposes, accessing and using s...
2.P.EICC.3.a
Establish a purpose and set goals for reading, monitor comprehension, and adjust as needed. (I)
2.P.EICC.3.b
Scan and skim the text, making note of structures and sections that might be most useful. (I)
2.P.EICC.3.c
Draw from, compare, build, and integrate prior knowledge with the material in the text, addressing inconsistencies or ga...
2.P.EICC.3.d
Summarize and visualize sections of the text to maintain understanding. (I)
2.P.EICC.3.e
Make and track predictions about the events and information likely to come next. (I)
2.P.EICC.3.f
Make, track, and support inferences about different levels of meaning within the text. (I)
2.P.EICC.3.g
Determine the meanings of unfamiliar words and concepts by applying knowledge of context and of academic vocabulary and ...
2.P.EICC.4
Writing Processes Compose a range of texts for a variety of purposes and audiences, flexibly engaging in writing process...
2.P.EICC.4.a
Establish a purpose and goals for writing and identify a target audience. (C)
2.P.EICC.4.b
Plan how to organize the text by selecting modes, genres, and structures that will achieve the purpose and meet the need...
2.P.EICC.4.c
Generate ideas for content by assessing prior knowledge, gathering information from texts, and engaging in discussions w...
2.P.EICC.4.d
Link ideas and information to the organization plan, highlighting ideas and information that are most relevant, useful, ...
2.P.EICC.4.e
Construct an initial draft by integrating ideas and information; selecting words, phrases, and sentences; and incorporat...
2.P.EICC.4.f
Evaluate the text’s effectiveness based on self-review or feedback from others, determining whether the text matches the...
2.P.EICC.4.g
Make changes to the text based on self-evaluation or external feedback, revising the organization, ideas, information, w...
2.P.EICC.4.h
Edit the text, ensuring it adheres to the conventions of written language. (C)
2.P.ST.1
Context Develop and apply knowledge of key components of context such as background information, geographic location, cu...
2.P.ST.1.a
Use prior knowledge, formal or informal research, and discussions with others to identify the key components of context ...
2.P.ST.1.b
Consider how context impacts the purposes of the author and the audience. (I/C)
2.P.ST.1.c
Explore how context shapes the author’s decisions and the audience’s responses during the interpretation and constructio...
2.P.ST.2
Author, Audience, & Purpose Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and tec...
2.P.ST.2.a
Develop and apply knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish the purpose of texts being interpr...
2.P.ST.2.b
Draw from knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish a clear point of view or unique perspectiv...
2.P.ST.2.c
Draw from knowledge of how authors consider context and audience to determine which information and ideas to highlight, ...
2.T.C.1
Purpose & Audience Explain how authors of texts use language for a specific purpose and a target audience.
2.T.C.1.a
Determine the general purpose and target audience in a variety of texts. (I)
2.T.C.1.b
Recognize different modes of communication: print, digital, auditory, spoken, visual, and multimodal. (I)
2.T.C.1.c
Choose two or more modes and create a multimodal text on a self-selected topic. (C)
2.T.C.2
Authors & Speakers Investigate the relationships between authors and speakers in texts.
2.T.C.2.a
Use examples of language from the text to identify various points of view (e.g., first person, third person). (I)
2.T.RA.1
Research & Inquiry Build knowledge about the world by asking or generating questions about topics of interest, researchi...
2.T.RA.1.a
Generate questions about self-selected topics of interest for research. (I)
2.T.RA.1.b
Work collaboratively or individually to conduct research to answer questions on a shared or personal topic of interest b...
2.T.RA.1.c
Organize and share related, relevant, and accurate information through a variety of different modes. (C)
2.T.RA.2
Curating Sources & Evidence Reference parts of texts to address a specific topic or question and explore various sources...
2.T.RA.2.a
Refer to specific parts of texts when supporting an idea, answer, or opinion. (I)
2.T.RA.2.b
Explore various sources of information, including print, digital, and personal communication, and discuss connections to...
2.T.SS.1
Organization Identify and use organizational structures to craft meaning.
2.T.SS.1.a
Explain how various text features (e.g., captions, subheadings, charts, indexes) contribute to meaning and organization ...
2.T.SS.1.b
Use text features (e.g., illustrations, page numbers, bold print, headings) to add clarity and meaning to texts. (C)
2.T.SS.1.c
Use conjunctions and transition words or phrases to sequence events and actions. (C)
2.T.SS.2
Craft Identify and use descriptive and engaging language.
2.T.SS.2.a
Identify the difference between literal and nonliteral or figurative language in texts. (I)
2.T.SS.2.b
Use descriptive words to craft engaging texts. (C)
2.T.T.1
Narrative Techniques Identify and use narrative techniques to shape understanding.
2.T.T.1.a
Identify and describe techniques used to craft stories, including characters, setting, major events, and dialogue. (I)
2.T.T.1.b
Identify the major plot events that occur between a problem and solution. (I)
2.T.T.1.c
Identify and describe how characters’ responses to major challenges or events support the central message, lesson, or mo...
2.T.T.1.d
Compare and contrast two or more versions of the same story by different authors or from diverse cultures. (I)
2.T.T.1.e
Use knowledge of narrative techniques (e.g., characters, settings, events, dialogue) to create texts that recount real o...
2.T.T.2
Expository Techniques Identify and use expository techniques to shape understanding.
2.T.T.2.a
Identify and describe techniques used to craft expository texts, including main idea and key supporting details within s...
2.T.T.2.b
Describe the connection between a series of historical events, scientific ideas or concepts, or steps in technical proce...
2.T.T.2.d
Use knowledge of expository techniques to create texts that introduce a topic, use facts and definitions to develop the ...
2.T.T.3
Opinion Techniques Identify and use opinion techniques to shape understanding.
2.T.T.3.a
Identify and describe techniques used to craft opinion texts, including the author’s opinion, supporting reasons, and fa...
2.T.T.3.c
Use knowledge of opinion techniques to create opinion pieces that introduce the topic, state an opinion about the topic,...
2.T.T.4
Poetic Techniques Identify and use poetic techniques to shape understanding.
2.T.T.4.a
Identify, classify, and describe poetic techniques used to craft texts, including rhyme, alliteration, repeated lines, s...
2.T.T.4.b
Use poetic techniques to create poems using words and/or phrases that may or may not rhyme. (C)

Grade 3

3.F.F.1
Oral & Silent Reading Fluency Demonstrate oral and silent reading fluency to read grade-level texts for understanding, s...
3.F.F.1.a
Increase sight word vocabulary by reading regularly and irregularly spelled words in isolation and context with accuracy...
3.F.F.1.b
Read a variety of unfamiliar grade-level texts with increasing accuracy.
3.F.F.1.c
Read a wide range of grade-level texts aloud with appropriate prosody (phrasing, expression, juncture/pause, and intonat...
3.F.F.1.d
Self-correct while reading grade-level text (silently or aloud) to aid comprehension and fluency, rereading as necessary...
3.F.H.3
Read Cursive Read texts written in cursive.
3.F.H.3.a
Read phrases and sentences written in cursive.
3.F.H.4
Write Cursive Use fine motor skills to form legible letters and words in cursive.
3.F.H.4.a
Practice forming cursive letters and connectors in words.
3.F.H.4.b
Use appropriate spacing between cursive words in a sentence.
3.F.P.4
Decoding & Encoding with Phonics Use knowledge of phonics to decode and encode grade-level words.
3.F.P.4.a
Decode and encode words with graphemes that represent multiple letter-sound correspondences.
3.F.P.4.b
Decode and encode single-syllable and multisyllabic words of all syllable types.
3.F.P.4.c
Decode and encode words with common prefixes and suffixes.
3.L.GC.1
Grammar, Usage, & Mechanics Learn and apply conventions of Standard English grammar, usage, and mechanics to aid the com...
3.L.GC.1.18
Mechanics: Use apostrophes to form contractions and singular possessive nouns. (Master)
3.L.GC.1.19
Grammar: Form and use irregular plural nouns. (Master)
3.L.GC.1.20
Grammar: Form and use the past tense of irregular verbs. (Master)
3.L.GC.1.21
Grammar: Use coordinating conjunctions to join words, phrases, or clauses. (Master)
3.L.GC.1.23
Grammar: Use collective and abstract nouns. (Master)
3.L.GC.1.24
Grammar: Use reflexive pronouns. (Master)
3.L.GC.1.25
Mechanics: Use commas with coordinating conjunctions to join independent clauses. (Master)
3.L.GC.1.26
Mechanics: Use hyphens to divide words at line breaks. (Master)
3.L.GC.1.27
Grammar: Form and use prepositional phrases. (Continue)
3.L.GC.1.28
Grammar: Form and use comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs. (Continue)
3.L.GC.1.29
Usage: Ensure pronoun-antecedent agreement. (Continue)
3.L.GC.1.30
Mechanics: Recognize and use conventional capitalization, quotation marks, and commas to indicate exact words and dialog...
3.L.GC.1.31
Grammar: Use relative pronouns and relative adverbs. (Introduce)
3.L.GC.1.32
Grammar: Use interjections. (Introduce)
3.L.GC.1.33
Grammar: Use helping and linking verbs. (Introduce)
3.L.GC.1.34
"Usage: Correctly use frequently confused words (e.g., to/too/two; there/their/they’re; advice/advise). (Introduce)
3.L.GC.1.35
Mechanics: Recognize and use conventional capitalization in abbreviations, proper adjectives, and formal titles. (Introd...
3.L.GC.1.36
Mechanics: Use commas to indicate direct address and to set off the words yes and no. (Introduce)
3.L.GC.1.37
Mechanics: Use apostrophes to form plural possessive nouns. (Introduce)
3.L.GC.1.38
"Grammar: Use indefinite pronouns, ensuring correct agreement. (Introduce)
3.L.GC.1.39
Grammar: Use subordinating conjunctions to join clauses. (Introduce)
3.L.GC.1.40
Mechanics: Use commas after introductory phrases or clauses. (Introduce)
3.L.GC.1.41
Mechanics: Use conventional capitalization and underlining, quotation marks, or italics to indicate titles of works. (In...
3.L.GC.2
Syntax Apply understandings of sentence structure to comprehend and compose varied sentences.
3.L.GC.2.a
Distinguish between correctly structured simple, compound, and complex sentences. (I)
3.L.GC.2.b
Use a variety of simple, compound, and complex sentences to strengthen clarity and coherence, establishing consistent ve...
3.L.GC.2.c
Use correct subject-verb agreement in a variety of sentences. (C)
3.L.GC.2.d
Elaborate on ideas and information, using adjectives and adverbs when incorporating details and descriptions to convey p...
3.L.V.1
General, Academic, & Specialized Vocabulary Acquire and use general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phra...
3.L.V.1.a
Acquire a range of general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phrases through grade-level texts and content...
3.L.V.1.b
Use grade-level general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phrases to enhance communication in a variety of...
3.L.V.2
Word Analysis Acquire and apply word analysis skills to determine the meanings of words and to communicate with precisio...
3.L.V.2.a
Deconstruct words using common roots, root words, and affixes to determine meaning. (I)
3.L.V.2.b
Identify affixes associated with specific parts of speech (e.g., ly is commonly used with adverbs) to aid comprehension....
3.L.V.2.c
Construct words using common roots, root words, and affixes. (C)
3.L.V.3
Meaning & Purpose Make connections between words and phrases and use reference materials to determine or clarify word me...
3.L.V.3.a
Use context (e.g., images and graphs) within and beyond a sentence to determine or clarify the meaning of unknown words ...
3.L.V.3.b
Identify homophones and homographs and use the relationship between synonyms and antonyms to clarify word meanings. (I)
3.L.V.3.c
Distinguish shades of meaning among closely related verbs (e.g., toss, throw, hurl) and closely related adjectives (e.g....
3.L.V.3.d
Use glossaries or beginning dictionaries, both print and digital, to check spelling and to determine or clarify the prec...
3.L.V.3.e
Use knowledge of word relationships and learned vocabulary words and phrases to make precise word choices when speaking ...
3.P.AC.1
Reading like a Writer Interpret texts through the author’s lens by identifying, analyzing, and evaluating craft techniqu...
3.P.AC.1.a
Identify, apply, and analyze the literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements in ...
3.P.AC.1.b
Identify, apply, and analyze important, interesting, or effective uses of language, explaining or evaluating how specifi...
3.P.AC.1.c
Explain, analyze, and evaluate how the author’s use of sentence structure and syntax affects the target audience and sup...
3.P.AC.1.d
Describe, analyze, and evaluate the design and organization of the text, explaining how specific formats, structures, pa...
3.P.AC.2
Writing like a Reader Construct texts with the audience’s experience in mind, basing decisions about craft techniques on...
3.P.AC.2.a
Integrate literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements to appeal to target audien...
3.P.AC.2.b
Craft words and phrases in order to influence the responses, thoughts, decisions, and questions of the target audience a...
3.P.AC.2.c
Make decisions about sentence structure and syntax in order to accommodate and influence the audience and achieve a spec...
3.P.AC.2.d
Organize texts by incorporating specific formats, structures, patterns, and features to influence the audience, facilita...
3.P.AC.3
Text Design Consider the impact of text design on audience and purpose when consuming and producing texts across modes a...
3.P.AC.3.a
Explore and create texts in various modes and genres, developing and applying knowledge of how specific features impact ...
3.P.AC.3.b
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact what kinds of ideas and information are included in texts. (I/C)
3.P.AC.3.c
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact how ideas and information are structured and arranged in texts. (I/C)
3.P.AC.3.d
Consume and produce multimodal texts, integrating a variety of genres, text features, and craft techniques to influence ...
3.P.CP.1
Collaboration Collaborate with others to accomplish shared goals and projects.
3.P.CP.1.a
Arrive to group discussions and collaborative meetings prepared to be an active participant in the work. (I/C)
3.P.CP.1.b
Collaborate with others to determine group norms, establish goals and procedures, and facilitate productivity when worki...
3.P.CP.1.c
Contribute to discussions and shared projects by offering ideas, listening to the ideas of others, and providing feedbac...
3.P.CP.1.d
Work with others to discuss topics, investigate questions, solve problems, and explore and create texts. (I/C)
3.P.CP.2
Presentation Use presentation skills to tailor communication to target audiences for specific purposes.
3.P.CP.2.a
Communicate clearly to present ideas, information, and texts. (I/C)
3.P.CP.2.b
Integrate modes and genres most appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
3.P.CP.2.c
Vary tone, pace, and nonverbal gestures as appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
3.P.CP.2.d
Engage in dialogue with audiences by asking and answering questions. (I/C)
3.P.CP.2.e
Build background knowledge by reciting all or part of significant poems and speeches as appropriate by grade level. (I/C...
3.P.EICC.1
Reader & Writer Identity Build an identity as a reader and writer, developing a repertoire of resources and tools to con...
3.P.EICC.1.a
Generate, understand, monitor, and discuss personal and academic reading and writing goals, revising as appropriate. (I/...
3.P.EICC.1.b
Discuss or write about personal and academic reading and writing preferences, referring to specific techniques, topics, ...
3.P.EICC.1.c
Select, read, and write texts of personal interest and academic relevance to grade-level texts and topics. (I/C)
3.P.EICC.1.d
Build a repertoire of comprehension and composition skills, strategies, and techniques, drawing from them as needed to a...
3.P.EICC.1.e
Participate in a community of readers and writers by developing group norms, discussing texts, sharing individual writin...
3.P.EICC.1.f
Develop independence and autonomy as a reader and writer. (I/C)
3.P.EICC.2
Engagement & Intention Engage in written or spoken dialogue as author and audience for a variety of tasks and purposes, ...
3.P.EICC.2.a
Share real or imagined experiences by interpreting and constructing texts that tell or include stories. (I/C)
3.P.EICC.2.b
Make use of texts to build knowledge, develop skills, make informed decisions, and share information and ideas. (I/C)
3.P.EICC.2.c
Explain and learn concepts and processes by interpreting and constructing texts. (I/C)
3.P.EICC.2.d
Interpret and construct texts to aid the analysis and evaluation of texts and ideas. (I/C)
3.P.EICC.2.e
Consume and produce texts in order to solve problems or influence decisions. (I/C)
3.P.EICC.3
Comprehension Strategies Engage with a range of complex texts for a variety of tasks and purposes, accessing and using s...
3.P.EICC.3.a
Establish a purpose and set goals for reading, monitor comprehension, and adjust as needed. (I)
3.P.EICC.3.b
Scan and skim the text, making note of structures and sections that might be most useful. (I)
3.P.EICC.3.c
Draw from, compare, build, and integrate prior knowledge with the material in the text, addressing inconsistencies or ga...
3.P.EICC.3.d
Summarize and visualize sections of the text to maintain understanding. (I)
3.P.EICC.3.e
Make and track predictions about the events and information likely to come next. (I)
3.P.EICC.3.f
Make, track, and support inferences about different levels of meaning within the text. (I)
3.P.EICC.3.g
Determine the meanings of unfamiliar words and concepts by applying knowledge of context and of academic vocabulary and ...
3.P.EICC.4
Writing Processes Compose a range of texts for a variety of purposes and audiences, flexibly engaging in writing process...
3.P.EICC.4.a
Establish a purpose and goals for writing and identify a target audience. (C)
3.P.EICC.4.b
Plan how to organize the text by selecting modes, genres, and structures that will achieve the purpose and meet the need...
3.P.EICC.4.c
Generate ideas for content by assessing prior knowledge, gathering information from texts, and engaging in discussions w...
3.P.EICC.4.d
Link ideas and information to the organization plan, highlighting ideas and information that are most relevant, useful, ...
3.P.EICC.4.e
Construct an initial draft by integrating ideas and information; selecting words, phrases, and sentences; and incorporat...
3.P.EICC.4.f
Evaluate the text’s effectiveness based on self-review or feedback from others, determining whether the text matches the...
3.P.EICC.4.g
Make changes to the text based on self-evaluation or external feedback, revising the organization, ideas, information, w...
3.P.EICC.4.h
Edit the text, ensuring it adheres to the conventions of written language. (C)
3.P.ST.1
Context Develop and apply knowledge of key components of context such as background information, geographic location, cu...
3.P.ST.1.a
Use prior knowledge, formal or informal research, and discussions with others to identify the key components of context ...
3.P.ST.1.b
Consider how context impacts the purposes of the author and the audience. (I/C)
3.P.ST.1.c
Explore how context shapes the author’s decisions and the audience’s responses during the interpretation and constructio...
3.P.ST.2
Author, Audience, & Purpose Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and tec...
3.P.ST.2.a
Develop and apply knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish the purpose of texts being interpr...
3.P.ST.2.b
Draw from knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish a clear point of view or unique perspectiv...
3.P.ST.2.c
Draw from knowledge of how authors consider context and audience to determine which information and ideas to highlight, ...
3.T.C.1
Purpose & Audience Use knowledge of purposes and audiences, as well as the language that develops those relationships, t...
3.T.C.1.a
Determine the purpose (e.g., entertain, inform, persuade) and target audience of a text. (I)
3.T.C.1.b
Determine common text features of print, digital, auditory, spoken, and visual modes and describe how they contribute to...
3.T.C.1.c
Create multimodal texts, using features of pre-selected modes for a specific purpose and audience. (C)
3.T.C.2
Authors & Speakers Make connections between authors of texts, speakers in texts, varying perspectives, and the circumsta...
3.T.C.2.a
Describe different perspectives of the narrator or speakers and distinguish them from their own. (I)
3.T.C.2.c
With adult support, identify the context in which a text is written (e.g., time period, individual, situational). (I)
3.T.RA.1
Research & Inquiry Conduct research to ask and answer questions that clarify, deepen, and extend understanding of a topi...
3.T.RA.1.a
Generate questions about a self-selected topic of interest to be researched, formulating additional questions to clarify...
3.T.RA.1.b
Conduct research by locating, gathering, selecting, and organizing information from multiple credible sources, including...
3.T.RA.1.c
Summarize researched, relevant, and accurate information from at least two credible sources about a self-selected topic....
3.T.RA.2
Curating Sources & Evidence Integrate evidence from print and digital sources, assessing credibility and relevance and a...
3.T.RA.2.a
Refer to specific passages from a text to support an idea, answer, or opinion. (I)
3.T.RA.2.b
Determine what makes a source text credible and relevant and identify examples. (I)
3.T.SS.1
Organization Demonstrate and apply understanding of organizational structures and elements to create coherent and engagi...
3.T.SS.1.a
Describe how texts are arranged to represent information and ideas using text features (e.g., map, captions) and organiz...
3.T.SS.1.b
Design texts using a variety of text structures and features, according to purpose and audience. (C)
3.T.SS.1.c
Use conjunctions and transition words or phrases, such as although and since, to add cohesion and link ideas and informa...
3.T.SS.1.d
Craft related sentences into clear and cohesive paragraphs. (C)
3.T.SS.2
Craft Use language to interpret meaning and craft engaging texts.
3.T.SS.2.a
Identify and describe the use of figurative language, such as similes, metaphors, and idioms in a wide variety of texts....
3.T.SS.2.b
Use figurative language, such as similes, metaphors, and idioms, to show relationships between ideas and information. (C...
3.T.T.1
Narrative Techniques Explain, analyze, and use narrative techniques to shape understandings.
3.T.T.1.a
Explain how narrative techniques are used to present ideas, design texts, and convey information about characters, setti...
3.T.T.1.b
Explain how characters, setting, problem, and solution function in the plot. (I)
3.T.T.1.c
Describe characters’ traits, motivations, actions, thoughts, and feelings and explain their connection to the central me...
3.T.T.1.d
Compare and contrast two or more characters, settings, central messages, or events within texts across diverse cultures....
3.T.T.1.e
Apply narrative techniques (e.g., character, setting, problem, resolution, dialogue) to develop a real or imagined exper...
3.T.T.2
Expository Techniques Explain, analyze, and use expository techniques to shape understandings.
3.T.T.2.a
Describe the techniques used to present and design expository texts, including facts and key details used to support the...
3.T.T.2.b
Describe the relationship between a series of historical events, scientific ideas or concepts, or steps in technical pro...
3.T.T.2.c
Integrate and explain information from two texts on the same topic in relationship to important points and key details. ...
3.T.T.2.d
Apply expository techniques to introduce a topic, develop the topic with facts and other information (e.g., definitions,...
3.T.T.3
Opinion Techniques Explain, analyze, and use opinion techniques to shape understandings.
3.T.T.3.a
Describe and discuss the techniques used to present and design opinion texts, including author’s opinion statement, supp...
3.T.T.3.c
Apply opinion techniques to create opinion pieces that introduce the topic, state an opinion about the topic, supply rea...
3.T.T.4
Poetic Techniques Explain, analyze, and use poetic techniques to shape understandings.
3.T.T.4.a
Discuss and explain techniques used to present and design poetry, including rhyme scheme. (I)
3.T.T.4.b
Apply poetic techniques to produce poetry and engage audiences that use rhyme in at least two stanzas to achieve an inte...

Grade 4

4.F.F.1
Oral & Silent Reading Fluency Demonstrate oral and silent reading fluency to read grade-level texts for understanding, s...
4.F.F.1.a
Increase sight word vocabulary by reading regularly and irregularly spelled words in isolation and context with accuracy...
4.F.F.1.b
Read a variety of unfamiliar grade-level texts with increasing automaticity.
4.F.F.1.c
Read a wide range of grade-level texts aloud with accurate prosody (phrasing, expression, juncture/pause, and intonation...
4.F.F.1.d
Self-correct while reading grade-level text (silently or aloud) to aid comprehension and fluency, rereading as necessary...
4.F.H.3
Read Cursive Read texts written in cursive.
4.F.H.3.a
Read short texts written in cursive.
4.F.H.4
Write Cursive Use fine motor skills to form legible letters and words in cursive.
4.F.H.4.a
Form cursive letters and words legibly, using connectors between letters inside words.
4.F.H.4.b
Use appropriate spacing between cursive words in a sentence across lines on a page.
4.F.P.4
Decoding & Encoding with Phonics Use knowledge of phonics to decode and encode grade-level words.
4.F.P.4.a
Decode and encode words with graphemes that represent multiple letter-sound correspondences.
4.F.P.4.b
Decode and encode single-syllable and multisyllabic words of all syllable types.
4.F.P.4.c
Decode and encode words with common prefixes and suffixes.
4.L.GC.1
Grammar, Usage, & Mechanics Learn and apply conventions of Standard English grammar, usage, and mechanics to aid the com...
4.L.GC.1.27
Grammar: Form and use prepositional phrases. (Master)
4.L.GC.1.28
Grammar: Form and use comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs. (Master)
4.L.GC.1.29
Usage: Ensure pronoun-antecedent agreement. (Master)
4.L.GC.1.30
Mechanics: Recognize and use conventional capitalization, quotation marks, and commas to indicate exact words and dialog...
4.L.GC.1.31
Grammar: Use relative pronouns and relative adverbs. (Master)
4.L.GC.1.32
Grammar: Use interjections. (Master)
4.L.GC.1.33
Grammar: Use helping and linking verbs. (Master)
4.L.GC.1.34
"Usage: Correctly use frequently confused words (e.g., to/too/two; there/their/they’re; advice/advise). (Master)
4.L.GC.1.35
Mechanics: Recognize and use conventional capitalization in abbreviations, proper adjectives, and formal titles. (Master...
4.L.GC.1.36
Mechanics: Use commas to indicate direct address and to set off the words yes and no. (Master)
4.L.GC.1.37
Mechanics: Use apostrophes to form plural possessive nouns. (Master)
4.L.GC.1.38
"Grammar: Use indefinite pronouns, ensuring correct agreement. (Continue)
4.L.GC.1.39
Grammar: Use subordinating conjunctions to join clauses. (Continue)
4.L.GC.1.40
Mechanics: Use commas after introductory phrases or clauses. (Continue)
4.L.GC.1.41
Mechanics: Use conventional capitalization and underlining, quotation marks, or italics to indicate titles of works. (Co...
4.L.GC.1.42
Grammar: Use intensive pronouns. (Introduce)
4.L.GC.1.43
Grammar: Form and use the progressive, perfect, and perfect progressive verb aspects. (Introduce)
4.L.GC.1.44
Grammar: Form and use participles. (Introduce)
4.L.GC.1.45
Usage: Recognize and correct vague pronoun references. (Introduce)
4.L.GC.2
Syntax Apply understandings of sentence structure to comprehend and compose varied sentences.
4.L.GC.2.a
Apply understandings of sentence structure to comprehend a wide variety of grade-level texts. (I)
4.L.GC.2.b
Use a variety of simple, compound, and complex sentences to strengthen clarity and coherence, maintaining consistent ver...
4.L.GC.2.c
Use correct subject-verb agreement to consistently achieve clarity in a variety of sentences. (C)
4.L.GC.2.d
Elaborate on ideas and information, using adjectives and adverbs when incorporating details and descriptions to convey p...
4.L.V.1
General, Academic, & Specialized Vocabulary Acquire and use general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phra...
4.L.V.1.a
Acquire a range of general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phrases through grade-level texts and content...
4.L.V.1.b
Use grade-level general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phrases to enhance communication in a variety of...
4.L.V.2
Word Analysis Acquire and apply word analysis skills to determine the meanings of words and to communicate with precisio...
4.L.V.2.a
Deconstruct words using knowledge of Greek and Latin roots, root words, and affixes to determine meaning. (I)
4.L.V.2.b
Explain how the part of speech and the meaning of a root or root word changes based on the use of different affixes (e.g...
4.L.V.2.c
Construct words using knowledge of Greek and Latin roots, root words, and affixes. (C)
4.L.V.3
Meaning & Purpose Make connections between words and phrases and use reference materials to determine or clarify word me...
4.L.V.3.a
Use context (e.g., definitions, examples, or restatements in text) to determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and mu...
4.L.V.3.b
Demonstrate understanding of words by relating them to their synonyms, antonyms, homophones, and homographs. (I)
4.L.V.3.c
Distinguish shades of meaning among closely related adverbs (e.g., quickly, swiftly, rapidly). (I)
4.L.V.3.d
Use print and digital reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses) to check spelling and determine ...
4.L.V.3.e
Use knowledge of word relationships and learned vocabulary words and phrases to make precise word choices when speaking ...
4.P.AC.1
Reading like a Writer Interpret texts through the author’s lens by identifying, analyzing, and evaluating craft techniqu...
4.P.AC.1.a
Identify, apply, and analyze the literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements in ...
4.P.AC.1.b
Identify, apply, and analyze important, interesting, or effective uses of language, explaining or evaluating how specifi...
4.P.AC.1.c
Explain, analyze, and evaluate how the author’s use of sentence structure and syntax affects the target audience and sup...
4.P.AC.1.d
Describe, analyze, and evaluate the design and organization of the text, explaining how specific formats, structures, pa...
4.P.AC.2
Writing like a Reader Construct texts with the audience’s experience in mind, basing decisions about craft techniques on...
4.P.AC.2.a
Integrate literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements to appeal to target audien...
4.P.AC.2.b
Craft words and phrases in order to influence the responses, thoughts, decisions, and questions of the target audience a...
4.P.AC.2.c
Make decisions about sentence structure and syntax in order to accommodate and influence the audience and achieve a spec...
4.P.AC.2.d
Organize texts by incorporating specific formats, structures, patterns, and features to influence the audience, facilita...
4.P.AC.3
Text Design Consider the impact of text design on audience and purpose when consuming and producing texts across modes a...
4.P.AC.3.a
Explore and create texts in various modes and genres, developing and applying knowledge of how specific features impact ...
4.P.AC.3.b
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact what kinds of ideas and information are included in texts. (I/C)
4.P.AC.3.c
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact how ideas and information are structured and arranged in texts. (I/C)
4.P.AC.3.d
Consume and produce multimodal texts, integrating a variety of genres, text features, and craft techniques to influence ...
4.P.CP.1
Collaboration Collaborate with others to accomplish shared goals and projects.
4.P.CP.1.a
Arrive to group discussions and collaborative meetings prepared to be an active participant in the work. (I/C)
4.P.CP.1.b
Collaborate with others to determine group norms, establish goals and procedures, and facilitate productivity when worki...
4.P.CP.1.c
Contribute to discussions and shared projects by offering ideas, listening to the ideas of others, and providing feedbac...
4.P.CP.1.d
Work with others to discuss topics, investigate questions, solve problems, and explore and create texts. (I/C)
4.P.CP.2
Presentation Use presentation skills to tailor communication to target audiences for specific purposes.
4.P.CP.2.a
Communicate clearly to present ideas, information, and texts. (I/C)
4.P.CP.2.b
Integrate modes and genres most appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
4.P.CP.2.c
Vary tone, pace, and nonverbal gestures as appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
4.P.CP.2.d
Engage in dialogue with audiences by asking and answering questions. (I/C)
4.P.CP.2.e
Build background knowledge by reciting all or part of significant poems and speeches as appropriate by grade level. (I/C...
4.P.EICC.1
Reader & Writer Identity Build an identity as a reader and writer, developing a repertoire of resources and tools to con...
4.P.EICC.1.a
Generate, understand, monitor, and discuss personal and academic reading and writing goals, revising as appropriate. (I/...
4.P.EICC.1.b
Discuss or write about personal and academic reading and writing preferences, referring to specific techniques, topics, ...
4.P.EICC.1.c
Select, read, and write texts of personal interest and academic relevance to grade-level texts and topics. (I/C)
4.P.EICC.1.d
Build a repertoire of comprehension and composition skills, strategies, and techniques, drawing from them as needed to a...
4.P.EICC.1.e
Participate in a community of readers and writers by developing group norms, discussing texts, sharing individual writin...
4.P.EICC.1.f
Develop independence and autonomy as a reader and writer. (I/C)
4.P.EICC.2
Engagement & Intention Engage in written or spoken dialogue as author and audience for a variety of tasks and purposes, ...
4.P.EICC.2.a
Share real or imagined experiences by interpreting and constructing texts that tell or include stories. (I/C)
4.P.EICC.2.b
Make use of texts to build knowledge, develop skills, make informed decisions, and share information and ideas. (I/C)
4.P.EICC.2.c
Explain and learn concepts and processes by interpreting and constructing texts. (I/C)
4.P.EICC.2.d
Interpret and construct texts to aid the analysis and evaluation of texts and ideas. (I/C)
4.P.EICC.2.e
Consume and produce texts in order to solve problems or influence decisions. (I/C)
4.P.EICC.3
Comprehension Strategies Engage with a range of complex texts for a variety of tasks and purposes, accessing and using s...
4.P.EICC.3.a
Establish a purpose and set goals for reading, monitor comprehension, and adjust as needed. (I)
4.P.EICC.3.b
Scan and skim the text, making note of structures and sections that might be most useful. (I)
4.P.EICC.3.c
Draw from, compare, build, and integrate prior knowledge with the material in the text, addressing inconsistencies or ga...
4.P.EICC.3.d
Summarize and visualize sections of the text to maintain understanding. (I)
4.P.EICC.3.e
Make and track predictions about the events and information likely to come next. (I)
4.P.EICC.3.f
Make, track, and support inferences about different levels of meaning within the text. (I)
4.P.EICC.3.g
Determine the meanings of unfamiliar words and concepts by applying knowledge of context and of academic vocabulary and ...
4.P.EICC.4
Writing Processes Compose a range of texts for a variety of purposes and audiences, flexibly engaging in writing process...
4.P.EICC.4.a
Establish a purpose and goals for writing and identify a target audience. (C)
4.P.EICC.4.b
Plan how to organize the text by selecting modes, genres, and structures that will achieve the purpose and meet the need...
4.P.EICC.4.c
Generate ideas for content by assessing prior knowledge, gathering information from texts, and engaging in discussions w...
4.P.EICC.4.d
Link ideas and information to the organization plan, highlighting ideas and information that are most relevant, useful, ...
4.P.EICC.4.e
Construct an initial draft by integrating ideas and information; selecting words, phrases, and sentences; and incorporat...
4.P.EICC.4.f
Evaluate the text’s effectiveness based on self-review or feedback from others, determining whether the text matches the...
4.P.EICC.4.g
Make changes to the text based on self-evaluation or external feedback, revising the organization, ideas, information, w...
4.P.EICC.4.h
Edit the text, ensuring it adheres to the conventions of written language. (C)
4.P.ST.1
Context Develop and apply knowledge of key components of context such as background information, geographic location, cu...
4.P.ST.1.a
Use prior knowledge, formal or informal research, and discussions with others to identify the key components of context ...
4.P.ST.1.b
Consider how context impacts the purposes of the author and the audience. (I/C)
4.P.ST.1.c
Explore how context shapes the author’s decisions and the audience’s responses during the interpretation and constructio...
4.P.ST.2
Author, Audience, & Purpose Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and tec...
4.P.ST.2.a
Develop and apply knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish the purpose of texts being interpr...
4.P.ST.2.b
Draw from knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish a clear point of view or unique perspectiv...
4.P.ST.2.c
Draw from knowledge of how authors consider context and audience to determine which information and ideas to highlight, ...
4.T.C.1
Purpose & Audience Use knowledge of purposes and audiences, as well as the language that develops those relationships, t...
4.T.C.1.a
Determine audience and identify the development of the purpose across a text. (I)
4.T.C.1.b
Classify various texts by mode and describe how the author's choice of mode influences audiences and contributes to the ...
4.T.C.1.c
Create multimodal texts, using features of pre-selected modes for a specific purpose and audience. (C)
4.T.C.2
Authors & Speakers Make connections between authors of texts, speakers in texts, varying perspectives, and the circumsta...
4.T.C.2.a
Compare and contrast the perspectives of different narrators or speakers in a text. (I)
4.T.C.2.c
Identify the context in which a text is written (e.g., time period, individual, situational). (I)
4.T.RA.1
Research & Inquiry Conduct research to ask and answer questions that clarify, deepen, and extend understanding of a topi...
4.T.RA.1.a
Generate questions about a self-selected topic of interest to be researched, asking open-ended questions to deepen and e...
4.T.RA.1.b
Conduct research by locating, gathering, curating, and integrating information from multiple credible sources, including...
4.T.RA.1.c
Consider and integrate information from research, including relevant and accurate evidence from two or more credible sou...
4.T.RA.2
Curating Sources & Evidence Integrate evidence from print and digital sources, assessing credibility and relevance and a...
4.T.RA.2.a
Refer to specific passages or quotations from a text to support an idea, answer, or opinion. (I)
4.T.RA.2.b
Determine the credibility and relevance of a source text based on known information about the author and/or organization...
4.T.SS.1
Organization Demonstrate and apply understanding of organizational structures and elements to create coherent and engagi...
4.T.SS.1.a
Compare and contrast the text features (e.g., icons, hyperlinks) and organizational structures (e.g. chronological order...
4.T.SS.1.b
Design texts using a variety of text structures and features, according to purpose and audience. (C)
4.T.SS.1.c
Use conjunctions and transition words or phrases, such as similarly and in contrast, to show relationships between ideas...
4.T.SS.1.d
Craft related sentences into cohesive paragraphs that follow a chosen structure using transitions. (C)
4.T.SS.2
Craft Use language to interpret meaning and craft engaging texts.
4.T.SS.2.a
Identify and explain how figurative language, such as hyperboles and personification, shapes how ideas and information i...
4.T.SS.2.b
Use figurative language for intentional effects when expressing ideas or conveying information. (C)
4.T.T.1
Narrative Techniques Explain, analyze, and use narrative techniques to shape understandings.
4.T.T.1.a
Analyze the use of narrative techniques to present ideas, design texts, and convey information about characters, setting...
4.T.T.1.b
Describe how the text’s protagonist and antagonist function in the plot, drive the conflict, and contribute to the devel...
4.T.T.1.c
Identify and describe common themes in texts (e.g., good vs. evil) that are revealed through details about characters. (...
4.T.T.1.d
Compare and contrast the approach to similar themes and topics (e.g., opposition of good and evil) and patterns of event...
4.T.T.1.e
Apply narrative techniques (e.g., character, setting, problem, resolution, and dialogue) to develop a real or imagined e...
4.T.T.2
Expository Techniques Explain, analyze, and use expository techniques to shape understandings.
4.T.T.2.a
Discuss and evaluate techniques used to present and design expository texts, including facts and key details used to sup...
4.T.T.2.b
Explain events, procedures, ideas, or concepts in a historical, scientific, or technical text, including what happened a...
4.T.T.2.c
Integrate and classify information from multiple texts on the same topic in relationship to important points and key det...
4.T.T.2.d
Apply expository techniques that clearly introduce a topic, group paragraphs or sections to develop the topic with facts...
4.T.T.3
Opinion Techniques Explain, analyze, and use opinion techniques to shape understandings.
4.T.T.3.a
Discuss and evaluate techniques used to present and design opinion and argumentative texts, including author’s opinion o...
4.T.T.3.c
Apply opinion techniques to create opinion pieces that introduce the topic, state an opinion about the topic, supply rea...
4.T.T.4
Poetic Techniques Explain, analyze, and use poetic techniques to shape understandings.
4.T.T.4.a
Discuss and explain techniques used to present and design different types of poetry, including free verse, rhymed verse,...
4.T.T.4.b
Apply poetic techniques to produce poetry and engage audiences that use a predetermined rhyme scheme to achieve an inten...

Grade 5

5.F.F.1
Oral & Silent Reading Fluency Demonstrate oral and silent reading fluency to read grade-level texts for understanding, s...
5.F.F.1.a
Increase sight word vocabulary by reading regularly and irregularly spelled words in isolation and context with accuracy...
5.F.F.1.b
Read a wide range of unfamiliar grade-level texts with expression to show meaning and to demonstrate an understanding of...
5.F.F.1.c
Read a wide range of grade-level texts aloud with accurate and automatic prosody (phrasing, expression, juncture/pause, ...
5.F.F.1.d
Self-correct while reading grade-level text (silently or aloud) to aid comprehension and fluency, rereading as necessary...
5.F.H.3
Read Cursive Read texts written in cursive.
5.F.H.3.a
Read a variety of texts written in cursive.
5.F.H.4
Write Cursive Use fine motor skills to form legible letters and words in cursive.
5.F.H.4.a
Produce texts using cursive writing legibly and efficiently.
5.F.H.4.b
Use appropriate spacing throughout the body of a text when writing in cursive.
5.F.P.4
Decoding & Encoding with Phonics Use knowledge of phonics to decode and encode grade-level words.
5.F.P.4.a
Decode and encode words with graphemes that represent multiple letter-sound correspondences.
5.F.P.4.b
Decode and encode single-syllable and multisyllabic words of all syllable types.
5.F.P.4.c
Decode and encode words with common prefixes and suffixes.
5.L.GC.1
Grammar, Usage, & Mechanics Learn and apply conventions of Standard English grammar, usage, and mechanics to aid the com...
5.L.GC.1.38
"Grammar: Use indefinite pronouns, ensuring correct agreement. (Master)
5.L.GC.1.39
Grammar: Use subordinating conjunctions to join clauses. (Master)
5.L.GC.1.40
Mechanics: Use commas after introductory phrases or clauses. (Master)
5.L.GC.1.41
Mechanics: Use conventional capitalization and underlining, quotation marks, or italics to indicate titles of works. (Ma...
5.L.GC.1.42
Grammar: Use intensive pronouns. (Master)
5.L.GC.1.43
Grammar: Form and use the progressive, perfect, and perfect progressive verb aspects. (Continue)
5.L.GC.1.44
Grammar: Form and use participles. (Continue)
5.L.GC.1.45
Usage: Recognize and correct vague pronoun references. (Continue)
5.L.GC.1.46
Grammar: Use correlative conjunctions to join words, phrases, or clauses. (Introduce)
5.L.GC.1.47
Mechanics: Use conventional capitalization, quotation marks, commas, end punctuation, and attributions to indicate exact...
5.L.GC.1.48
Mechanics: Use semicolons to separate items in a series or list when at least one of the items already contains commas. ...
5.L.GC.1.54
Mechanics: Use conventional capitalization, quotation marks, commas, end punctuation, and parentheses (citations) when i...
5.L.GC.2
Syntax Apply understandings of sentence structure to comprehend and compose varied sentences.
5.L.GC.2.a
Apply understandings of sentence structure to comprehend a wide variety of grade-level texts. (I)
5.L.GC.2.b
Use a variety of simple, compound, and complex sentences to strengthen clarity and coherence, maintaining consistent ver...
5.L.GC.2.c
Use correct subject-verb agreement to consistently achieve clarity in a variety of sentences. (C)
5.L.GC.2.d
Elaborate on ideas and information, using adjectives and adverbs when incorporating details and descriptions to convey p...
5.L.V.1
General, Academic, & Specialized Vocabulary Acquire and use general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phra...
5.L.V.1.a
Acquire a range of general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phrases through grade-level texts and content...
5.L.V.1.b
Use grade-level general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phrases to enhance communication in a variety of...
5.L.V.2
Word Analysis Acquire and apply word analysis skills to determine the meanings of words and to communicate with precisio...
5.L.V.2.a
Deconstruct words using knowledge of Greek and Latin roots, root words, and affixes to determine meaning. (I)
5.L.V.2.b
Explain the connection between roots, root words, affixes, and parts of speech to determine the meaning of words (e.g., ...
5.L.V.2.c
Construct words using knowledge of Greek and Latin roots, root words, and affixes. (C)
5.L.V.3
Meaning & Purpose Make connections between words and phrases and use reference materials to determine or clarify word me...
5.L.V.3.a
Use context (e.g., cause/effect relationships and comparisons in text) to determine or clarify the meaning of unknown an...
5.L.V.3.b
Identify analogies and use synonyms, antonyms, homophones, and homographs to clarify intended meaning. (I)
5.L.V.3.c
Distinguish shades of meaning among related words, including verbs, adjectives, and/or adverbs, to clarify intended mean...
5.L.V.3.d
Use print and digital reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses) to check spelling and determine ...
5.L.V.3.e
Use knowledge of word relationships and learned vocabulary words and phrases to make precise word choices when speaking ...
5.P.AC.1
Reading like a Writer Interpret texts through the author’s lens by identifying, analyzing, and evaluating craft techniqu...
5.P.AC.1.a
Identify, apply, and analyze the literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements in ...
5.P.AC.1.b
Identify, apply, and analyze important, interesting, or effective uses of language, explaining or evaluating how specifi...
5.P.AC.1.c
Explain, analyze, and evaluate how the author’s use of sentence structure and syntax affects the target audience and sup...
5.P.AC.1.d
Describe, analyze, and evaluate the design and organization of the text, explaining how specific formats, structures, pa...
5.P.AC.2
Writing like a Reader Construct texts with the audience’s experience in mind, basing decisions about craft techniques on...
5.P.AC.2.a
Integrate literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements to appeal to target audien...
5.P.AC.2.b
Craft words and phrases in order to influence the responses, thoughts, decisions, and questions of the target audience a...
5.P.AC.2.c
Make decisions about sentence structure and syntax in order to accommodate and influence the audience and achieve a spec...
5.P.AC.2.d
Organize texts by incorporating specific formats, structures, patterns, and features to influence the audience, facilita...
5.P.AC.3
Text Design Consider the impact of text design on audience and purpose when consuming and producing texts across modes a...
5.P.AC.3.a
Explore and create texts in various modes and genres, developing and applying knowledge of how specific features impact ...
5.P.AC.3.b
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact what kinds of ideas and information are included in texts. (I/C)
5.P.AC.3.c
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact how ideas and information are structured and arranged in texts. (I/C)
5.P.AC.3.d
Consume and produce multimodal texts, integrating a variety of genres, text features, and craft techniques to influence ...
5.P.CP.1
Collaboration Collaborate with others to accomplish shared goals and projects.
5.P.CP.1.a
Arrive to group discussions and collaborative meetings prepared to be an active participant in the work. (I/C)
5.P.CP.1.b
Collaborate with others to determine group norms, establish goals and procedures, and facilitate productivity when worki...
5.P.CP.1.c
Contribute to discussions and shared projects by offering ideas, listening to the ideas of others, and providing feedbac...
5.P.CP.1.d
Work with others to discuss topics, investigate questions, solve problems, and explore and create texts. (I/C)
5.P.CP.2
Presentation Use presentation skills to tailor communication to target audiences for specific purposes.
5.P.CP.2.a
Communicate clearly to present ideas, information, and texts. (I/C)
5.P.CP.2.b
Integrate modes and genres most appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
5.P.CP.2.c
Vary tone, pace, and nonverbal gestures as appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
5.P.CP.2.d
Engage in dialogue with audiences by asking and answering questions. (I/C)
5.P.CP.2.e
Build background knowledge by reciting all or part of significant poems and speeches as appropriate by grade level. (I/C...
5.P.EICC.1
Reader & Writer Identity Build an identity as a reader and writer, developing a repertoire of resources and tools to con...
5.P.EICC.1.a
Generate, understand, monitor, and discuss personal and academic reading and writing goals, revising as appropriate. (I/...
5.P.EICC.1.b
Discuss or write about personal and academic reading and writing preferences, referring to specific techniques, topics, ...
5.P.EICC.1.c
Select, read, and write texts of personal interest and academic relevance to grade-level texts and topics. (I/C)
5.P.EICC.1.d
Build a repertoire of comprehension and composition skills, strategies, and techniques, drawing from them as needed to a...
5.P.EICC.1.e
Participate in a community of readers and writers by developing group norms, discussing texts, sharing individual writin...
5.P.EICC.1.f
Develop independence and autonomy as a reader and writer. (I/C)
5.P.EICC.2
Engagement & Intention Engage in written or spoken dialogue as author and audience for a variety of tasks and purposes, ...
5.P.EICC.2.a
Share real or imagined experiences by interpreting and constructing texts that tell or include stories. (I/C)
5.P.EICC.2.b
Make use of texts to build knowledge, develop skills, make informed decisions, and share information and ideas. (I/C)
5.P.EICC.2.c
Explain and learn concepts and processes by interpreting and constructing texts. (I/C)
5.P.EICC.2.d
Interpret and construct texts to aid the analysis and evaluation of texts and ideas. (I/C)
5.P.EICC.2.e
Consume and produce texts in order to solve problems or influence decisions. (I/C)
5.P.EICC.3
Comprehension Strategies Engage with a range of complex texts for a variety of tasks and purposes, accessing and using s...
5.P.EICC.3.a
Establish a purpose and set goals for reading, monitor comprehension, and adjust as needed. (I)
5.P.EICC.3.b
Scan and skim the text, making note of structures and sections that might be most useful. (I)
5.P.EICC.3.c
Draw from, compare, build, and integrate prior knowledge with the material in the text, addressing inconsistencies or ga...
5.P.EICC.3.d
Summarize and visualize sections of the text to maintain understanding. (I)
5.P.EICC.3.e
Make and track predictions about the events and information likely to come next. (I)
5.P.EICC.3.f
Make, track, and support inferences about different levels of meaning within the text. (I)
5.P.EICC.3.g
Determine the meanings of unfamiliar words and concepts by applying knowledge of context and of academic vocabulary and ...
5.P.EICC.4
Writing Processes Compose a range of texts for a variety of purposes and audiences, flexibly engaging in writing process...
5.P.EICC.4.a
Establish a purpose and goals for writing and identify a target audience. (C)
5.P.EICC.4.b
Plan how to organize the text by selecting modes, genres, and structures that will achieve the purpose and meet the need...
5.P.EICC.4.c
Generate ideas for content by assessing prior knowledge, gathering information from texts, and engaging in discussions w...
5.P.EICC.4.d
Link ideas and information to the organization plan, highlighting ideas and information that are most relevant, useful, ...
5.P.EICC.4.e
Construct an initial draft by integrating ideas and information; selecting words, phrases, and sentences; and incorporat...
5.P.EICC.4.f
Evaluate the text’s effectiveness based on self-review or feedback from others, determining whether the text matches the...
5.P.EICC.4.g
Make changes to the text based on self-evaluation or external feedback, revising the organization, ideas, information, w...
5.P.EICC.4.h
Edit the text, ensuring it adheres to the conventions of written language. (C)
5.P.ST.1
Context Develop and apply knowledge of key components of context such as background information, geographic location, cu...
5.P.ST.1.a
Use prior knowledge, formal or informal research, and discussions with others to identify the key components of context ...
5.P.ST.1.b
Consider how context impacts the purposes of the author and the audience. (I/C)
5.P.ST.1.c
Explore how context shapes the author’s decisions and the audience’s responses during the interpretation and constructio...
5.P.ST.2
Author, Audience, & Purpose Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and tec...
5.P.ST.2.a
Develop and apply knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish the purpose of texts being interpr...
5.P.ST.2.b
Draw from knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish a clear point of view or unique perspectiv...
5.P.ST.2.c
Draw from knowledge of how authors consider context and audience to determine which information and ideas to highlight, ...
5.T.C.1
Purpose & Audience Use knowledge of purposes and audiences, as well as the language that develops those relationships, t...
5.T.C.1.a
Determine audience and explain multiple purposes found across a text. (I)
5.T.C.1.b
Classify various texts by mode and describe how the author's choice of mode influences audiences and contributes to the ...
5.T.C.1.c
Create multimodal texts, using features of pre-selected modes for a specific purpose and audience. (C)
5.T.C.2
Authors & Speakers Make connections between authors of texts, speakers in texts, varying perspectives, and the circumsta...
5.T.C.2.a
Describe how a narrator or speaker’s perspective influences the text. (I)
5.T.C.2.c
Make inferences about the context in which the text is written (e.g., time period, individual, situational). (I)
5.T.RA.1
Research & Inquiry Conduct research to ask and answer questions that clarify, deepen, and extend understanding of a topi...
5.T.RA.1.a
Generate questions about a self-selected topic of interest to be researched, asking probing questions to compare and con...
5.T.RA.1.b
Conduct research by locating, gathering, curating, and integrating information from multiple credible sources, including...
5.T.RA.1.c
Consider and integrate information from research, including relevant and accurate evidence from two or more credible sou...
5.T.RA.2
Curating Sources & Evidence Integrate evidence from print and digital sources, assessing credibility and relevance and a...
5.T.RA.2.a
Refer to specific passages or quotations from a text to support an idea, answer, or opinion, recording the referenced in...
5.T.RA.2.b
Determine credibility and relevance by assessing the strengths and weaknesses of source texts to support a topic or mess...
5.T.RA.2.c
Use basic parenthetical citations to credit the source used. (C)
5.T.SS.1
Organization Demonstrate and apply understanding of organizational structures and elements to create cohesive and engagi...
5.T.SS.1.a
Describe how text features (e.g., chapter titles, diagrams) and organizational structure (e.g., chapters, problem/soluti...
5.T.SS.1.b
Design texts using a variety of text structures and features, according to purpose and audience. (C)
5.T.SS.1.c
Use conjunctions and transition words or phrases, such as similarly and in contrast, to show relationships between ideas...
5.T.SS.1.d
Craft related ideas into coherent paragraphs that follow a logical structure using transitions. (C)
5.T.SS.2
Craft Use language to interpret meaning and craft engaging texts.
5.T.SS.2.a
Describe the impact of the use of figurative language such as similes, metaphors, idioms, hyperboles, and personificatio...
5.T.SS.2.b
Use figurative language for intentional effects when expressing ideas or conveying information. (C)
5.T.T.1
Narrative Techniques Explain, analyze, and use narrative techniques to shape understandings.
5.T.T.1.a
Analyze the use of narrative techniques to present ideas, design texts, and convey information about characters, setting...
5.T.T.1.b
Analyze how setting, events, conflict, and characterization contribute to the plot. (I)
5.T.T.1.c
Explain how a theme is demonstrated through a character’s growth or conflict resolution. (I)
5.T.T.1.d
Compare and contrast stories in the same genre (e.g., mysteries, adventures) from diverse cultures on their approaches t...
5.T.T.1.e
Apply narrative techniques (e.g., character, setting, conflict, climax, resolution, and dialogue) to develop a real or i...
5.T.T.2
Expository Techniques Explain, analyze, and use expository techniques to shape understandings.
5.T.T.2.a
Discuss and evaluate techniques used to present and design expository texts, including multiple main ideas, facts, and k...
5.T.T.2.b
Explain the relationships or interactions between two or more individuals, events, ideas, or concepts in a historical, s...
5.T.T.2.c
Compare and contrast first and secondhand accounts of the same event or topic using primary and/or secondary sources. (I...
5.T.T.2.d
Apply expository techniques that clearly introduce a topic, group paragraphs or sections to develop the topic with facts...
5.T.T.3
Opinion Techniques Explain, analyze, and use opinion techniques to shape understandings.
5.T.T.3.a
Discuss and evaluate techniques used to present and design opinion and argumentative texts, including author’s opinion o...
5.T.T.3.c
Apply opinion techniques to create opinion pieces that introduce the topic, state an opinion about the topic, supply rea...
5.T.T.4
Poetic Techniques Explain, analyze, and use poetic techniques to shape understandings.
5.T.T.4.a
Discuss and explain techniques used to present and design poetry, including rhyme and structure. (I)
5.T.T.4.b
Apply poetic techniques (e.g., rhyme, rhyme scheme, structure) to produce different types of poetry (e.g., free verse, r...

Grade 6

6.L.GC.1
Grammar, Usage, & Mechanics Draw from knowledge of the conventions of Standard English grammar, usage, and mechanics whe...
6.L.GC.1.43
Grammar: Form and use the progressive, perfect, and perfect progressive verb aspects. (Master)
6.L.GC.1.44
Grammar: Form and use participles. (Master)
6.L.GC.1.45
Usage: Recognize and correct vague pronoun references. (Master)
6.L.GC.1.46
Grammar: Use correlative conjunctions to join words, phrases, or clauses. (Master)
6.L.GC.1.47
Mechanics: Use conventional capitalization, quotation marks, commas, end punctuation, and attributions to indicate exact...
6.L.GC.1.48
Mechanics: Use semicolons to separate items in a series or list when at least one of the items already contains commas. ...
6.L.GC.1.49
Mechanics: Use commas, parentheses, and dashes to set off nonessential words, phrases, or clauses. (Introduce)
6.L.GC.1.50
Mechanics: Use ellipses appropriately. (Introduce)
6.L.GC.1.51
Mechanics: Use hyphens with appropriate affixes and compound words. (Introduce)
6.L.GC.1.52
Mechanics: Use semicolons, with or without a conjunctive adverb, to form compound and compound-complex sentences. (Intro...
6.L.GC.1.53
Grammar, Mechanics Use parts of speech and their associated phrases or clauses to perform indicated sentence functions (...
6.L.GC.1.54
Mechanics: Use conventional capitalization, quotation marks, commas, end punctuation, and parentheses (citations) when i...
6.L.GC.2
Syntax Apply understanding of syntax to comprehend, analyze, condense, and combine ideas and information, enhancing clar...
6.L.GC.2.a
Apply understandings of syntax to comprehend and analyze a variety of grade-level texts. (I)
6.L.GC.2.b
Use a variety of simple, compound, complex, and compound- complex sentences to condense and combine ideas, maintaining c...
6.L.GC.2.c
Identify and use active voice in sentences, revising for subject-verb agreement. (C)
6.L.GC.2.d
Build and enrich ideas and information in texts, using modifiers when incorporating details and descriptions to convey m...
6.L.V.1
General, Academic, & Specialized Vocabulary Use a variety of approaches to continuously build vocabulary across a range ...
6.L.V.1.a
Acquire a range of general, academic, and disciplinary vocabulary through grade-level print, digital, and/or multimodal ...
6.L.V.1.b
Use grade-level general, academic, and disciplinary vocabulary to communicate clearly and precisely in a variety of sett...
6.L.V.2
Word Analysis Use word knowledge and word analysis skills to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases and t...
6.L.V.2.a
Deconstruct words using etymology knowledge, Greek and Latin roots, root words, and/or affixes to determine or clarify m...
6.L.V.2.b
Apply knowledge of parts of speech to determine the meanings of words and phrases in grade-level texts. (I)
6.L.V.2.c
Construct words based on knowledge of Greek and Latin roots, root words, and/or affixes and use those words appropriatel...
6.L.V.2.d
Use knowledge of parts of speech to determine precise words and phrases when constructing texts. (C)
6.L.V.3
Meaning & Purpose Analyze the denotative and connotative meanings of words and phrases and strategically apply those und...
6.L.V.3.a
This progression transitions to 6-8.L.V.3.b.
6.L.V.3.b
Analyze relationships between words, phrases, and/or clauses (e.g., synonyms, antonyms, analogies, contextual clues) to ...
6.L.V.3.c
Distinguish between the connotations of words that share a similar denotation (e.g., confident, assertive, egotistic, po...
6.L.V.3.d
Use available print and/or digital resources, including reference materials and digital tools (e.g., online search, embe...
6.L.V.3.e
Determine or clarify the nuanced meanings of closely related words or phrases using available print and/or digital resou...
6.P.AC.1
Reading like a Writer Interpret texts through the author’s lens by identifying, analyzing, and evaluating craft techniqu...
6.P.AC.1.a
Identify, apply, and analyze the literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements in ...
6.P.AC.1.b
Identify, apply, and analyze important, interesting, or effective uses of language, explaining or evaluating how specifi...
6.P.AC.1.c
Explain, analyze, and evaluate how the author’s use of sentence structure and syntax affects the target audience and sup...
6.P.AC.1.d
Describe, analyze, and evaluate the design and organization of the text, explaining how specific formats, structures, pa...
6.P.AC.2
Writing like a Reader Construct texts with the audience’s experience in mind, basing decisions about craft techniques on...
6.P.AC.2.a
Integrate literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements to appeal to target audien...
6.P.AC.2.b
Craft words and phrases in order to influence the responses, thoughts, decisions, and questions of the target audience a...
6.P.AC.2.c
Make decisions about sentence structure and syntax in order to accommodate and influence the audience and achieve a spec...
6.P.AC.2.d
Organize texts by incorporating specific formats, structures, patterns, and features to influence the audience, facilita...
6.P.AC.3
Text Design Consider the impact of text design on audience and purpose when consuming and producing texts across modes a...
6.P.AC.3.a
Explore and create texts in various modes and genres, developing and applying knowledge of how specific features impact ...
6.P.AC.3.b
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact what kinds of ideas and information are included in texts. (I/C)
6.P.AC.3.c
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact how ideas and information are structured and arranged in texts. (I/C)
6.P.AC.3.d
Consume and produce multimodal texts, integrating a variety of genres, text features, and craft techniques to influence ...
6.P.CP.1
Collaboration Collaborate with others to accomplish shared goals and projects.
6.P.CP.1.a
Arrive to group discussions and collaborative meetings prepared to be an active participant in the work. (I/C)
6.P.CP.1.b
Collaborate with others to determine group norms, establish goals and procedures, and facilitate productivity when worki...
6.P.CP.1.c
Contribute to discussions and shared projects by offering ideas, listening to the ideas of others, and providing feedbac...
6.P.CP.1.d
Work with others to discuss topics, investigate questions, solve problems, and explore and create texts. (I/C)
6.P.CP.2
Presentation Use presentation skills to tailor communication to target audiences for specific purposes.
6.P.CP.2.a
Communicate clearly to present ideas, information, and texts. (I/C)
6.P.CP.2.b
Integrate modes and genres most appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
6.P.CP.2.c
Vary tone, pace, and nonverbal gestures as appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
6.P.CP.2.d
Engage in dialogue with audiences by asking and answering questions. (I/C)
6.P.CP.2.e
Build background knowledge by reciting all or part of significant poems and speeches as appropriate by grade level. (I/C...
6.P.EICC.1
Reader & Writer Identity Build an identity as a reader and writer, developing a repertoire of resources and tools to con...
6.P.EICC.1.a
Generate, understand, monitor, and discuss personal and academic reading and writing goals, revising as appropriate. (I/...
6.P.EICC.1.b
Discuss or write about personal and academic reading and writing preferences, referring to specific techniques, topics, ...
6.P.EICC.1.c
Select, read, and write texts of personal interest and academic relevance to grade-level texts and topics. (I/C)
6.P.EICC.1.d
Build a repertoire of comprehension and composition skills, strategies, and techniques, drawing from them as needed to a...
6.P.EICC.1.e
Participate in a community of readers and writers by developing group norms, discussing texts, sharing individual writin...
6.P.EICC.1.f
Develop independence and autonomy as a reader and writer. (I/C)
6.P.EICC.2
Engagement & Intention Engage in written or spoken dialogue as author and audience for a variety of tasks and purposes, ...
6.P.EICC.2.a
Share real or imagined experiences by interpreting and constructing texts that tell or include stories. (I/C)
6.P.EICC.2.b
Make use of texts to build knowledge, develop skills, make informed decisions, and share information and ideas. (I/C)
6.P.EICC.2.c
Explain and learn concepts and processes by interpreting and constructing texts. (I/C)
6.P.EICC.2.d
Interpret and construct texts to aid the analysis and evaluation of texts and ideas. (I/C)
6.P.EICC.2.e
Consume and produce texts in order to solve problems or influence decisions. (I/C)
6.P.EICC.3
Comprehension Strategies Engage with a range of complex texts for a variety of tasks and purposes, accessing and using s...
6.P.EICC.3.a
Establish a purpose and set goals for reading, monitor comprehension, and adjust as needed. (I)
6.P.EICC.3.b
Scan and skim the text, making note of structures and sections that might be most useful. (I)
6.P.EICC.3.c
Draw from, compare, build, and integrate prior knowledge with the material in the text, addressing inconsistencies or ga...
6.P.EICC.3.d
Summarize and visualize sections of the text to maintain understanding. (I)
6.P.EICC.3.e
Make and track predictions about the events and information likely to come next. (I)
6.P.EICC.3.f
Make, track, and support inferences about different levels of meaning within the text. (I)
6.P.EICC.3.g
Determine the meanings of unfamiliar words and concepts by applying knowledge of context and of academic vocabulary and ...
6.P.EICC.4
Writing Processes Compose a range of texts for a variety of purposes and audiences, flexibly engaging in writing process...
6.P.EICC.4.a
Establish a purpose and goals for writing and identify a target audience. (C)
6.P.EICC.4.b
Plan how to organize the text by selecting modes, genres, and structures that will achieve the purpose and meet the need...
6.P.EICC.4.c
Generate ideas for content by assessing prior knowledge, gathering information from texts, and engaging in discussions w...
6.P.EICC.4.d
Link ideas and information to the organization plan, highlighting ideas and information that are most relevant, useful, ...
6.P.EICC.4.e
Construct an initial draft by integrating ideas and information; selecting words, phrases, and sentences; and incorporat...
6.P.EICC.4.f
Evaluate the text’s effectiveness based on self-review or feedback from others, determining whether the text matches the...
6.P.EICC.4.g
Make changes to the text based on self-evaluation or external feedback, revising the organization, ideas, information, w...
6.P.EICC.4.h
Edit the text, ensuring it adheres to the conventions of written language. (C)
6.P.ST.1
Context Develop and apply knowledge of key components of context such as background information, geographic location, cu...
6.P.ST.1.a
Use prior knowledge, formal or informal research, and discussions with others to identify the key components of context ...
6.P.ST.1.b
Consider how context impacts the purposes of the author and the audience. (I/C)
6.P.ST.1.c
Explore how context shapes the author’s decisions and the audience’s responses during the interpretation and constructio...
6.P.ST.2
Author, Audience, & Purpose Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and tec...
6.P.ST.2.a
Develop and apply knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish the purpose of texts being interpr...
6.P.ST.2.b
Draw from knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish a clear point of view or unique perspectiv...
6.P.ST.2.c
Draw from knowledge of how authors consider context and audience to determine which information and ideas to highlight, ...
6.T.C.1
Purpose & Audience Analyze the impact of purpose and audience on a wide variety of texts.
6.T.C.1.a
Analyze the development of multiple purposes within a single text and how those purposes target specific audiences. (I)
6.T.C.1.b
Use text mode features to aid comprehension and analysis of a variety of disciplinary texts and their related contexts. ...
6.T.C.1.c
Construct multimodal texts and/or presentations for a specific purpose and audience. (C)
6.T.C.2
Authors & Speakers Analyze how authors’ and/or speakers’ perspectives influence texts and how circumstances shape their ...
6.T.C.2.a
Describe and analyze the development and interaction of two or more perspectives conveyed by a single text. (I)
6.T.C.2.b
Explain how the author’s choice of evidence reveals the author’s perspective and impacts credibility. (I)
6.T.C.2.c
Identify and analyze the impact of background information and context (e.g., geography, location, era, historical happen...
6.T.C.2.d
Use credible sources to research the answers to questions on academic and individual topics of interest. (C)
6.T.PM.1
Periods & Movements Demonstrate knowledge of dominant themes, genres, and verbal styles of literature from a particular ...
6.T.PM.1.a
Read and comprehend myths and stories (fictional or historical) that modern writers have adapted into their own works. (...
6.T.PM.1.b
Read and comprehend one genre of literature from a particular time period. (I)
6.T.RA.1
Research & Inquiry Conduct research, generating questions to guide investigations of complex topics of interest and usin...
6.T.RA.1.a
Generate questions to guide research and make connections between related topics of interest, formulating questions to i...
6.T.RA.1.b
Conduct research by locating, gathering, curating, and integrating information from credible sources (including print, d...
6.T.RA.1.c
Draw from accumulated knowledge and research to analyze texts, supporting, challenging, or extending ideas and informati...
6.T.RA.2
Curating Sources & Evidence Utilize multiple print and digital texts to address a specific topic or question, assessing ...
6.T.RA.2.a
Locate evidence in print and digital sources to support a central idea or question, recording basic bibliographic inform...
6.T.RA.2.b
Analyze print and digital texts to identify features of credible, relevant sources and to determine indicators that migh...
6.T.RA.2.c
Use basic parenthetical citations to credit authors when quoting or paraphrasing texts, ensuring each source is accompan...
6.T.SS.1
Organization Analyze and use organizational structures to craft meaning.
6.T.SS.1.a
Explain how authors modify organizational structures or features to convey meaning, respond to the audience, or achieve ...
6.T.SS.1.b
Design texts, flexibly employing a variety of text structures and text features to convey information and add style, as ...
6.T.SS.1.c
Use concept repetition and connected terms to support transitions, clarify the relationship between ideas and informatio...
6.T.SS.1.d
Craft multi-paragraph texts using a coherent structure to organize ideas with an introduction; supporting facts, reasons...
6.T.SS.2
Craft Interpret and use language to craft engaging texts.
6.T.SS.2.a
Determine how figurative and connotative language choices contribute to meaning, mood, or tone in a wide variety of text...
6.T.SS.2.b
Use figurative language or literary devices for intentional effects when creating texts to achieve specific purposes or ...
6.T.SS.2.c
Compare and contrast characteristics of formal style (e.g., jargon, complete sentences) with those of informal style (e....
6.T.T.1
Narrative Techniques Analyze and apply narrative techniques.
6.T.T.1.a
Describe how narrative techniques are used across the text to develop plot, characters, and setting. (I)
6.T.T.1.b
Analyze how setting, events, conflict, and characterization influence plot pacing. (I)
6.T.T.1.c
Identify multiple themes and describe how the relationships and interactions between characters influence and shape them...
6.T.T.1.d
Compare and contrast literary texts in different modes and genres (e.g., historical novels and fantasy texts) in terms o...
6.T.T.1.e
Apply narrative techniques to enhance writing, engage audiences, and achieve specific purposes. (C)
6.T.T.2
Expository Techniques Analyze and apply expository techniques.
6.T.T.2.a
Recognize and describe expository techniques used to present and design content, including main ideas, facts, key detail...
6.T.T.2.b
Compare and contrast one author’s presentation of events with that of another on the same historical event or topic. (I)
6.T.T.2.d
Apply expository techniques (e.g., main idea, facts, key details, sense of closure) to enhance writing and engage audien...
6.T.T.3
Argumentative Techniques Analyze and apply argumentative techniques.
6.T.T.3.a
Recognize and explain argumentative techniques used to present and design content, including an author’s claim, supporti...
6.T.T.3.c
Apply argumentative techniques (e.g., author’s claim, supporting relevant evidence, an identified counterclaim, and a lo...
6.T.T.4
Poetic Techniques Analyze and apply poetic techniques.
6.T.T.4.a
Recognize and describe poetic techniques used to present and design content, including stanzas, rhyme scheme, imagery, f...
6.T.T.4.b
Apply poetic techniques (e.g., stanzas, rhyme/rhyme scheme, imagery, figurative language, sound devices) to produce poet...

Grade 7

7.L.GC.1
Grammar, Usage, & Mechanics: Draw from knowledge of the conventions of Standard English grammar, usage, and mechanics wh...
7.L.GC.1.49
Mechanics: Use commas, parentheses, and dashes to set off nonessential words, phrases, or clauses. (Master)
7.L.GC.1.50
Mechanics: Use ellipses appropriately. (Continue)
7.L.GC.1.51
Mechanics: Use hyphens with appropriate affixes and compound words. (Continue)
7.L.GC.1.52
Mechanics: Use semicolons, with or without a conjunctive adverb, to form compound and compound-complex sentences. (Conti...
7.L.GC.1.53
Grammar, Mechanics Use parts of speech and their associated phrases or clauses to perform indicated sentence functions (...
7.L.GC.1.54
Mechanics: Use conventional capitalization, quotation marks, commas, end punctuation, and parentheses (citations) when i...
7.L.GC.1.55
Grammar: Use demonstrative pronouns. (Introduce, Master)
7.L.GC.1.56
Mechanics: Use colons to introduce lists, examples, and explanations. (Introduce)
7.L.GC.1.57
Usage: Form and use verbals and verbal phrases (participles/participials, gerunds, and infinitives) based on function. (...
7.L.GC.2
Syntax Apply understanding of syntax to comprehend, analyze, condense, and combine ideas and information, enhancing clar...
7.L.GC.2.a
Apply understandings of syntax to comprehend and analyze a variety of grade-level texts. (I)
7.L.GC.2.b
Use a variety of simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences to condense and combine ideas, maintaining co...
7.L.GC.2.c
Distinguish between active and passive voice, revising texts to maintain consistency in active voice. (C)
7.L.GC.2.d
Build and enrich ideas and information in texts, avoiding misplaced or dangling modifiers when incorporating details and...
7.L.V.1
General, Academic, & Specialized Vocabulary Use a variety of approaches to continuously build vocabulary across a range ...
7.L.V.1.a
Acquire a range of general, academic, and disciplinary vocabulary through grade-level print, digital, and/or multimodal ...
7.L.V.1.b
Use grade-level general, academic, and disciplinary vocabulary to communicate clearly and precisely in a variety of sett...
7.L.V.2
Word Analysis Use word knowledge and word analysis skills to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases and t...
7.L.V.2.a
Deconstruct words using etymology knowledge, Greek and Latin roots, root words, and/or affixes to determine or clarify m...
7.L.V.2.b
Apply knowledge of parts of speech to determine the meanings of words and phrases in grade-level texts. (I)
7.L.V.2.c
Construct words based on knowledge of Greek and Latin roots, root words, and/or affixes and use those words appropriatel...
7.L.V.2.d
Use knowledge of parts of speech to determine precise words and phrases when constructing texts. (C)
7.L.V.3
Meaning & Purpose Analyze the denotative and connotative meanings of words and phrases and strategically apply those und...
7.L.V.3.a
This progression transitions to 6-8.L.V.3.b.
7.L.V.3.b
Analyze relationships between words, phrases, and/or clauses (e.g., synonyms, antonyms, analogies, contextual clues) to ...
7.L.V.3.c
Distinguish between the connotations of words that share a similar denotation (e.g., confident, assertive, egotistic, po...
7.L.V.3.d
Use available print and/or digital resources, including reference materials and digital tools (e.g., online search, embe...
7.L.V.3.e
Determine or clarify the nuanced meanings of closely related words or phrases using available print and/or digital resou...
7.P.AC.1
Reading like a Writer Interpret texts through the author’s lens by identifying, analyzing, and evaluating craft techniqu...
7.P.AC.1.a
Identify, apply, and analyze the literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements in ...
7.P.AC.1.b
Identify, apply, and analyze important, interesting, or effective uses of language, explaining or evaluating how specifi...
7.P.AC.1.c
Explain, analyze, and evaluate how the author’s use of sentence structure and syntax affects the target audience and sup...
7.P.AC.1.d
Describe, analyze, and evaluate the design and organization of the text, explaining how specific formats, structures, pa...
7.P.AC.2
Writing like a Reader Construct texts with the audience’s experience in mind, basing decisions about craft techniques on...
7.P.AC.2.a
Integrate literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements to appeal to target audien...
7.P.AC.2.b
Craft words and phrases in order to influence the responses, thoughts, decisions, and questions of the target audience a...
7.P.AC.2.c
Make decisions about sentence structure and syntax in order to accommodate and influence the audience and achieve a spec...
7.P.AC.2.d
Organize texts by incorporating specific formats, structures, patterns, and features to influence the audience, facilita...
7.P.AC.3
Text Design Consider the impact of text design on audience and purpose when consuming and producing texts across modes a...
7.P.AC.3.a
Explore and create texts in various modes and genres, developing and applying knowledge of how specific features impact ...
7.P.AC.3.b
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact what kinds of ideas and information are included in texts. (I/C)
7.P.AC.3.c
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact how ideas and information are structured and arranged in texts. (I/C)
7.P.AC.3.d
Consume and produce multimodal texts, integrating a variety of genres, text features, and craft techniques to influence ...
7.P.CP.1
Collaboration Collaborate with others to accomplish shared goals and projects.
7.P.CP.1.a
Arrive to group discussions and collaborative meetings prepared to be an active participant in the work. (I/C)
7.P.CP.1.b
Collaborate with others to determine group norms, establish goals and procedures, and facilitate productivity when worki...
7.P.CP.1.c
Contribute to discussions and shared projects by offering ideas, listening to the ideas of others, and providing feedbac...
7.P.CP.1.d
Work with others to discuss topics, investigate questions, solve problems, and explore and create texts. (I/C)
7.P.CP.2
Presentation Use presentation skills to tailor communication to target audiences for specific purposes.
7.P.CP.2.a
Communicate clearly to present ideas, information, and texts. (I/C)
7.P.CP.2.b
Integrate modes and genres most appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
7.P.CP.2.c
Vary tone, pace, and nonverbal gestures as appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
7.P.CP.2.d
Engage in dialogue with audiences by asking and answering questions. (I/C)
7.P.CP.2.e
Build background knowledge by reciting all or part of significant poems and speeches as appropriate by grade level. (I/C...
7.P.EICC.1
Reader & Writer Identity Build an identity as a reader and writer, developing a repertoire of resources and tools to con...
7.P.EICC.1.a
Generate, understand, monitor, and discuss personal and academic reading and writing goals, revising as appropriate. (I/...
7.P.EICC.1.b
Discuss or write about personal and academic reading and writing preferences, referring to specific techniques, topics, ...
7.P.EICC.1.c
Select, read, and write texts of personal interest and academic relevance to grade-level texts and topics. (I/C)
7.P.EICC.1.d
Build a repertoire of comprehension and composition skills, strategies, and techniques, drawing from them as needed to a...
7.P.EICC.1.e
Participate in a community of readers and writers by developing group norms, discussing texts, sharing individual writin...
7.P.EICC.1.f
Develop independence and autonomy as a reader and writer. (I/C)
7.P.EICC.2
Engagement & Intention Engage in written or spoken dialogue as author and audience for a variety of tasks and purposes, ...
7.P.EICC.2.a
Share real or imagined experiences by interpreting and constructing texts that tell or include stories. (I/C)
7.P.EICC.2.b
Make use of texts to build knowledge, develop skills, make informed decisions, and share information and ideas. (I/C)
7.P.EICC.2.c
Explain and learn concepts and processes by interpreting and constructing texts. (I/C)
7.P.EICC.2.d
Interpret and construct texts to aid the analysis and evaluation of texts and ideas. (I/C)
7.P.EICC.2.e
Consume and produce texts in order to solve problems or influence decisions. (I/C)
7.P.EICC.3
Comprehension Strategies Engage with a range of complex texts for a variety of tasks and purposes, accessing and using s...
7.P.EICC.3.a
Establish a purpose and set goals for reading, monitor comprehension, and adjust as needed. (I)
7.P.EICC.3.b
Scan and skim the text, making note of structures and sections that might be most useful. (I)
7.P.EICC.3.c
Draw from, compare, build, and integrate prior knowledge with the material in the text, addressing inconsistencies or ga...
7.P.EICC.3.d
Summarize and visualize sections of the text to maintain understanding. (I)
7.P.EICC.3.e
Make and track predictions about the events and information likely to come next. (I)
7.P.EICC.3.f
Make, track, and support inferences about different levels of meaning within the text. (I)
7.P.EICC.3.g
Determine the meanings of unfamiliar words and concepts by applying knowledge of context and of academic vocabulary and ...
7.P.EICC.4
Writing Processes Compose a range of texts for a variety of purposes and audiences, flexibly engaging in writing process...
7.P.EICC.4.a
Establish a purpose and goals for writing and identify a target audience. (C)
7.P.EICC.4.b
Plan how to organize the text by selecting modes, genres, and structures that will achieve the purpose and meet the need...
7.P.EICC.4.c
Generate ideas for content by assessing prior knowledge, gathering information from texts, and engaging in discussions w...
7.P.EICC.4.d
Link ideas and information to the organization plan, highlighting ideas and information that are most relevant, useful, ...
7.P.EICC.4.e
Construct an initial draft by integrating ideas and information; selecting words, phrases, and sentences; and incorporat...
7.P.EICC.4.f
Evaluate the text’s effectiveness based on self-review or feedback from others, determining whether the text matches the...
7.P.EICC.4.g
Make changes to the text based on self-evaluation or external feedback, revising the organization, ideas, information, w...
7.P.EICC.4.h
Edit the text, ensuring it adheres to the conventions of written language. (C)
7.P.ST.1
Context Develop and apply knowledge of key components of context such as background information, geographic location, cu...
7.P.ST.1.a
Use prior knowledge, formal or informal research, and discussions with others to identify the key components of context ...
7.P.ST.1.b
Consider how context impacts the purposes of the author and the audience. (I/C)
7.P.ST.1.c
Explore how context shapes the author’s decisions and the audience’s responses during the interpretation and constructio...
7.P.ST.2
Author, Audience, & Purpose Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and tec...
7.P.ST.2.a
Develop and apply knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish the purpose of texts being interpr...
7.P.ST.2.b
Draw from knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish a clear point of view or unique perspectiv...
7.P.ST.2.c
Draw from knowledge of how authors consider context and audience to determine which information and ideas to highlight, ...
7.T.C.1
Purpose & Audience Analyze the impact of purpose and audience on a wide variety of texts.
7.T.C.1.a
Analyze the development of multiple purposes within a single text and how those purposes target specific audiences. (I)
7.T.C.1.b
Use text mode features to aid comprehension and analysis of a variety of disciplinary texts and their related contexts. ...
7.T.C.1.c
Construct multimodal texts and/or presentations for a specific purpose and audience, using multiple, clearly identifiabl...
7.T.C.2
Authors & Speakers Analyze how authors’ and/or speakers’ perspectives influence texts and how circumstances shape their ...
7.T.C.2.a
Determine the prevailing perspective in a text and analyze how the author distinguishes or corroborates that position. (...
7.T.C.2.b
Analyze how evidence and tone reveal the author’s perspective and impact credibility. (I)
7.T.C.2.c
Analyze the impact of background information and context (e.g., geography, location, era, historical happenings) on text...
7.T.C.2.d
Use credible sources to research the answers to questions on academic and individual topics of interes. (C)
7.T.PM.1
Periods & Movements Demonstrate knowledge of dominant themes, genres, and verbal styles of literature from a particular ...
7.T.PM.1.a
Read and comprehend to analyze myths and stories (fictional or historical) that modern writers have adapted into their o...
7.T.PM.1.b
Read and comprehend to analyze one genre of literature from a particular time period and identify key features of style ...
7.T.RA.1
Research & Inquiry Conduct research, generating questions to guide investigations of complex topics of interest and usin...
7.T.RA.1.a
Generate questions to guide research and make connections between related topics of interest, formulating questions to i...
7.T.RA.1.b
Conduct research by locating, gathering, curating, and integrating information from credible sources (including print, d...
7.T.RA.1.c
Draw from accumulated knowledge and research to analyze texts, supporting, challenging, or extending ideas and informati...
7.T.RA.2
Curating Sources & Evidence Utilize multiple print and digital texts to address a specific topic or question, assessing ...
7.T.RA.2.a
Locate evidence in print and digital sources to support a central idea or question, recording standard bibliographic inf...
7.T.RA.2.b
Analyze print and digital texts for credibility and relevance, determining whether the ideas and information support the...
7.T.RA.2.c
Follow a standard format for citation when integrating textual evidence, clearly identifying and citing the ideas and in...
7.T.SS.1
Organization Analyze and use organizational structures to craft meaning.
7.T.SS.1.a
Analyze how authors modify organizational structures or features to convey meaning, respond to the audience, or achieve ...
7.T.SS.1.b
Design texts, flexibly employing a variety of text structures and text features to convey information and add style, as ...
7.T.SS.1.c
Use varied transition words and phrases to connect ideas, sentences, paragraphs, and sections of text. (C)
7.T.SS.1.d
Craft multi-paragraph texts using a coherent structure with an introduction that guides the focus; supporting facts, rea...
7.T.SS.2
Craft Interpret and use language to craft engaging texts.
7.T.SS.2.a
Explain how figurative language, connotative language, and/or literary device choices contribute to meaning, mood, or to...
7.T.SS.2.b
Use figurative language, literary devices, or connotative language for intentional effects when creating texts to achiev...
7.T.SS.2.c
Determine situational use for formal or informal style and apply that determination to choices when writing or speaking....
7.T.T.1
Narrative Techniques Analyze and apply narrative techniques.
7.T.T.1.a
Analyze how narrative techniques are used across the text to develop plot, characters, and setting. (I)
7.T.T.1.b
Analyze the use of plot structures, conflict, and narrative devices (e.g., flashback, foreshadowing) within a text. (I)
7.T.T.1.c
Compare and contrast how themes are developed and expressed in texts through characters, events, and plot structure. (I)
7.T.T.1.d
Compare and contrast a fictional portrayal of a time, place, or character with a historical account of the same period. ...
7.T.T.1.e
Apply narrative techniques to enhance writing, engage audiences, and achieve specific purposes. (C)
7.T.T.2
Expository Techniques Analyze and apply expository techniques.
7.T.T.2.a
Analyze expository techniques used to present and design content, including main ideas, facts, statistics, key details, ...
7.T.T.2.b
Analyze how two or more authors writing about the same topic shape their presentations of key information by emphasizing...
7.T.T.2.d
Apply expository techniques (e.g., main idea, facts, statistics, key details, text features, sense of closure) to enhanc...
7.T.T.3
Argumentative Techniques Analyze and apply argumentative techniques.
7.T.T.3.a
Analyze argumentative techniques used to present and design content, including an author’s claim, supporting relevant ev...
7.T.T.3.c
Apply argumentative techniques (e.g., author’s claim, supporting relevant evidence, an identified counterclaim, and a lo...
7.T.T.4
Poetic Techniques Analyze and apply poetic techniques.
7.T.T.4.a
Analyze poetic techniques used to present and design content, including stanzas, rhyme scheme, imagery, figurative langu...
7.T.T.4.b
Apply poetic techniques (e.g., stanzas, rhyme/rhyme scheme, imagery, figurative language, sound devices) to produce poet...

Grade 8

8.L.GC.1
Grammar, Usage, & Mechanics Draw from knowledge of the conventions of Standard English grammar, usage, and mechanics whe...
8.L.GC.1.50
Mechanics: Use ellipses appropriately. (Master)
8.L.GC.1.51
Mechanics: Use hyphens with appropriate affixes and compound words. (Master)
8.L.GC.1.52
Mechanics: Use semicolons, with or without a conjunctive adverb, to form compound and compound-complex sentences. (Maste...
8.L.GC.1.53
Grammar, Mechanics Use parts of speech and their associated phrases or clauses to perform indicated sentence functions (...
8.L.GC.1.54
Mechanics: Use conventional capitalization, quotation marks, commas, end punctuation, and parentheses (citations) when i...
8.L.GC.1.56
Mechanics: Use colons to introduce lists, examples, and explanations. (Master)
8.L.GC.1.57
Usage: Form and use verbals and verbal phrases (participles/participials, gerunds, and infinitives) based on function. (...
8.L.GC.1.58
Usage: Use tenses and aspects to indicate the mood of a verb. (Introduce)
8.L.GC.1.59
Mechanics: Use colons to introduce quotations. (Introduce)
8.L.GC.1.60
Mechanics: Use dashes appropriately. (Introduce)
8.L.GC.1.61
Grammar, Usage, Mechanics: Use an appropriate style guide to address complex issues of grammar, usage, or mechanics. (In...
8.L.GC.2
Syntax Apply understanding of syntax to comprehend, analyze, condense, and combine ideas and information, enhancing clar...
8.L.GC.2.a
Apply understandings of syntax to comprehend and analyze a variety of grade-level texts. (I)
8.L.GC.2.b
Use a variety of simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences, to condense and combine ideas, maintaining c...
8.L.GC.2.c
Distinguish between active and passive voice, revising texts to maintain consistency in active voice. (C)
8.L.GC.2.d
Build and enrich ideas and information in texts, integrating modifying phrases and clauses and eliminating misplaced or ...
8.L.V.1
General, Academic, & Specialized Vocabulary Use a variety of approaches to continuously build vocabulary across a range ...
8.L.V.1.a
Acquire a range of general, academic, and disciplinary vocabulary through grade-level print, digital, and/or multimodal ...
8.L.V.1.b
Use grade-level general, academic, and disciplinary vocabulary to communicate clearly and precisely in a variety of sett...
8.L.V.2
Word Analysis Use word knowledge and word analysis skills to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases and t...
8.L.V.2.a
Deconstruct words using etymology knowledge, Greek and Latin roots, root words, and/or affixes to determine or clarify m...
8.L.V.2.b
Apply knowledge of parts of speech to determine the meanings of words and phrases in grade-level texts. (I)
8.L.V.2.c
Construct words based on knowledge of Greek and Latin roots, root words, and/or affixes and use those words appropriatel...
8.L.V.2.d
Use knowledge of parts of speech to determine precise words and phrases when constructing texts. (C)
8.L.V.3
Meaning & Purpose Analyze the denotative and connotative meanings of words and phrases and strategically apply those und...
8.L.V.3.a
This progression transitions to 6-8.L.V.3.b.
8.L.V.3.b
Analyze relationships between words, phrases, and/or clauses (e.g., synonyms, antonyms, analogies, contextual clues) to ...
8.L.V.3.c
Distinguish between the connotations of words that share a similar denotation (e.g., confident, assertive, egotistic, po...
8.L.V.3.d
Use available print and/or digital resources, including reference materials and digital tools (e.g., online search, embe...
8.L.V.3.e
Determine or clarify the nuanced meanings of closely related words or phrases using available print and/or digital resou...
8.P.AC.1
Reading like a Writer Interpret texts through the author’s lens by identifying, analyzing, and evaluating craft techniqu...
8.P.AC.1.a
Identify, apply, and analyze the literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements in ...
8.P.AC.1.b
Identify, apply, and analyze important, interesting, or effective uses of language, explaining or evaluating how specifi...
8.P.AC.1.c
Explain, analyze, and evaluate how the author’s use of sentence structure and syntax affects the target audience and sup...
8.P.AC.1.d
Describe, analyze, and evaluate the design and organization of the text, explaining how specific formats, structures, pa...
8.P.AC.2
Writing like a Reader Construct texts with the audience’s experience in mind, basing decisions about craft techniques on...
8.P.AC.2.a
Integrate literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements to appeal to target audien...
8.P.AC.2.b
Craft words and phrases in order to influence the responses, thoughts, decisions, and questions of the target audience a...
8.P.AC.2.c
Make decisions about sentence structure and syntax in order to accommodate and influence the audience and achieve a spec...
8.P.AC.2.d
Organize texts by incorporating specific formats, structures, patterns, and features to influence the audience, facilita...
8.P.AC.3
Text Design Consider the impact of text design on audience and purpose when consuming and producing texts across modes a...
8.P.AC.3.a
Explore and create texts in various modes and genres, developing and applying knowledge of how specific features impact ...
8.P.AC.3.b
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact what kinds of ideas and information are included in texts. (I/C)
8.P.AC.3.c
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact how ideas and information are structured and arranged in texts. (I/C)
8.P.AC.3.d
Consume and produce multimodal texts, integrating a variety of genres, text features, and craft techniques to influence ...
8.P.CP.1
Collaboration Collaborate with others to accomplish shared goals and projects.
8.P.CP.1.a
Arrive to group discussions and collaborative meetings prepared to be an active participant in the work. (I/C)
8.P.CP.1.b
Collaborate with others to determine group norms, establish goals and procedures, and facilitate productivity when worki...
8.P.CP.1.c
Contribute to discussions and shared projects by offering ideas, listening to the ideas of others, and providing feedbac...
8.P.CP.1.d
Work with others to discuss topics, investigate questions, solve problems, and explore and create texts. (I/C)
8.P.CP.2
Presentation Use presentation skills to tailor communication to target audiences for specific purposes.
8.P.CP.2.a
Communicate clearly to present ideas, information, and texts. (I/C)
8.P.CP.2.b
Integrate modes and genres most appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
8.P.CP.2.c
Vary tone, pace, and nonverbal gestures as appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
8.P.CP.2.d
Engage in dialogue with audiences by asking and answering questions. (I/C)
8.P.CP.2.e
Build background knowledge by reciting all or part of significant poems and speeches as appropriate by grade level. (I/C...
8.P.EICC.1
Reader & Writer Identity Build an identity as a reader and writer, developing a repertoire of resources and tools to con...
8.P.EICC.1.a
Generate, understand, monitor, and discuss personal and academic reading and writing goals, revising as appropriate. (I/...
8.P.EICC.1.b
Discuss or write about personal and academic reading and writing preferences, referring to specific techniques, topics, ...
8.P.EICC.1.c
Select, read, and write texts of personal interest and academic relevance to grade-level texts and topics. (I/C)
8.P.EICC.1.d
Build a repertoire of comprehension and composition skills, strategies, and techniques, drawing from them as needed to a...
8.P.EICC.1.e
Participate in a community of readers and writers by developing group norms, discussing texts, sharing individual writin...
8.P.EICC.1.f
Develop independence and autonomy as a reader and writer. (I/C)
8.P.EICC.2
Engagement & Intention Engage in written or spoken dialogue as author and audience for a variety of tasks and purposes, ...
8.P.EICC.2.a
Share real or imagined experiences by interpreting and constructing texts that tell or include stories. (I/C)
8.P.EICC.2.b
Make use of texts to build knowledge, develop skills, make informed decisions, and share information and ideas. (I/C)
8.P.EICC.2.c
Explain and learn concepts and processes by interpreting and constructing texts. (I/C)
8.P.EICC.2.d
Interpret and construct texts to aid the analysis and evaluation of texts and ideas. (I/C)
8.P.EICC.2.e
Consume and produce texts in order to solve problems or influence decisions. (I/C)
8.P.EICC.3
Comprehension Strategies Engage with a range of complex texts for a variety of tasks and purposes, accessing and using s...
8.P.EICC.3.a
Establish a purpose and set goals for reading, monitor comprehension, and adjust as needed. (I)
8.P.EICC.3.b
Scan and skim the text, making note of structures and sections that might be most useful. (I)
8.P.EICC.3.c
Draw from, compare, build, and integrate prior knowledge with the material in the text, addressing inconsistencies or ga...
8.P.EICC.3.d
Summarize and visualize sections of the text to maintain understanding. (I)
8.P.EICC.3.e
Make and track predictions about the events and information likely to come next. (I)
8.P.EICC.3.f
Make, track, and support inferences about different levels of meaning within the text. (I)
8.P.EICC.3.g
Determine the meanings of unfamiliar words and concepts by applying knowledge of context and of academic vocabulary and ...
8.P.EICC.4
Writing Processes Compose a range of texts for a variety of purposes and audiences, flexibly engaging in writing process...
8.P.EICC.4.a
Establish a purpose and goals for writing and identify a target audience. (C)
8.P.EICC.4.b
Plan how to organize the text by selecting modes, genres, and structures that will achieve the purpose and meet the need...
8.P.EICC.4.c
Generate ideas for content by assessing prior knowledge, gathering information from texts, and engaging in discussions w...
8.P.EICC.4.d
Link ideas and information to the organization plan, highlighting ideas and information that are most relevant, useful, ...
8.P.EICC.4.e
Construct an initial draft by integrating ideas and information; selecting words, phrases, and sentences; and incorporat...
8.P.EICC.4.f
Evaluate the text’s effectiveness based on self-review or feedback from others, determining whether the text matches the...
8.P.EICC.4.g
Make changes to the text based on self-evaluation or external feedback, revising the organization, ideas, information, w...
8.P.EICC.4.h
Edit the text, ensuring it adheres to the conventions of written language. (C)
8.P.ST.1
Context Develop and apply knowledge of key components of context such as background information, geographic location, cu...
8.P.ST.1.a
Use prior knowledge, formal or informal research, and discussions with others to identify the key components of context ...
8.P.ST.1.b
Consider how context impacts the purposes of the author and the audience. (I/C)
8.P.ST.1.c
Explore how context shapes the author’s decisions and the audience’s responses during the interpretation and constructio...
8.P.ST.2
Author, Audience, & Purpose Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and tec...
8.P.ST.2.a
Develop and apply knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish the purpose of texts being interpr...
8.P.ST.2.b
Draw from knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish a clear point of view or unique perspectiv...
8.P.ST.2.c
Draw from knowledge of how authors consider context and audience to determine which information and ideas to highlight, ...
8.T.C.1
Purpose & Audience Analyze the impact of purpose and audience on a wide variety of texts.
8.T.C.1.a
Analyze the development of multiple purposes within a single text and how those purposes target specific audiences. (I)
8.T.C.1.b
Use text mode features to aid comprehension and analysis of a variety of disciplinary texts and their related contexts. ...
8.T.C.1.c
Construct multimodal texts and/or presentations that serve more than one purpose and target a specific audience, using m...
8.T.C.2
Authors & Speakers Analyze how authors’ and/or speakers’ perspectives influence texts and how circumstances shape their ...
8.T.C.2.a
Compare and contrast varying perspectives on a particular topic found across a variety of texts, analyzing how texts est...
8.T.C.2.b
Identify an author’s bias and determine how that bias impacts text credibility. (I)
8.T.C.2.c
Analyze the impact of background information and context (e.g., geography, location, era, historical happenings) on text...
8.T.C.2.d
Use a variety of credible sources to research the answers to questions on academic and individual topics of interest. (C...
8.T.PM.1
Periods & Movements Demonstrate knowledge of dominant themes, genres, and verbal styles of literature from a particular ...
8.T.PM.1.a
Read and compare and contrast myths and stories (fictional or historical) that modern writers have adapted into their ow...
8.T.PM.1.b
Compare and contrast the treatment of a common theme by different writers within a time period. (I)
8.T.RA.1
Research & Inquiry Conduct research, generating questions to guide investigations of complex topics of interest and usin...
8.T.RA.1.a
Generate questions to guide research and make connections between related topics of interest, formulating questions to i...
8.T.RA.1.b
Conduct research by locating, gathering, curating, and integrating information from credible sources (including print, d...
8.T.RA.1.c
Draw from accumulated knowledge and research to analyze texts, supporting, challenging, or extending ideas and informati...
8.T.RA.2
Curating Sources & Evidence Utilize multiple print and digital texts to address a specific topic or question, assessing ...
8.T.RA.2.a
Locate evidence in print, digital, and multimodal sources to support a central idea or question, consulting Modern Langu...
8.T.RA.2.b
Analyze print, digital, and multimodal sources for accuracy, credibility, and relevance, determining whether the ideas a...
8.T.RA.2.c
Follow Modern Language Association (MLA) guidelines when integrating textual evidence, clearly identifying and citing th...
8.T.SS.1
Organization Analyze and use organizational structures to craft meaning.
8.T.SS.1.a
Analyze how authors modify organizational structures or features to convey meaning, respond to the audience, or achieve ...
8.T.SS.1.b
Design texts, flexibly employing a variety of text structures and text features to convey information and add style, as ...
8.T.SS.1.c
Use varied words, phrases, and clauses to transition between ideas and to aid overall cohesion. (C)
8.T.SS.1.d
Craft multi-paragraph texts using a coherent structure with an introduction that guides the focus; logically organized a...
8.T.SS.2
Craft Interpret and use language to craft engaging texts.
8.T.SS.2.a
Analyze how figurative language, connotative language, and/or literary device choices are used strategically to achieve ...
8.T.SS.2.b
Use figurative language, literary devices, or connotative language for intentional effects when creating texts to achiev...
8.T.SS.2.c
Use formal or informal style characteristics as indicated by a text’s purpose, audience, and disciplinary context. (C)
8.T.T.1
Narrative Techniques Analyze and apply narrative techniques.
8.T.T.1.a
Analyze how narrative techniques are used across the text to develop plot, characters, and setting. (I)
8.T.T.1.b
Analyze how plot structures, conflict, and narrative devices (e.g., flashback, foreshadowing) work together to create an...
8.T.T.1.c
Analyze how authors convey and reveal themes through characters, events, and plot structure. (I)
8.T.T.1.d
Analyze how a modern literary work draws on themes, event patterns, or character types from different time periods. (I)
8.T.T.1.e
Apply narrative techniques to enhance writing, engage audiences, and achieve specific purposes. (C)
8.T.T.2
Expository Techniques Analyze and apply expository techniques.
8.T.T.2.a
Analyze the development of expository techniques used to present and design content, including multiple main ideas, fact...
8.T.T.2.b
Analyze and evaluate how two or more authors writing about the same topic shape their presentations of key information b...
8.T.T.2.d
Apply multiple expository techniques (e.g., main idea, facts, statistics, key details, text features, sense of closure) ...
8.T.T.3
Argumentative Techniques Analyze and apply argumentative techniques.
8.T.T.3.a
Analyze the development of argumentative techniques used to present and design content, including an author’s claim, sup...
8.T.T.3.c
Apply argumentative techniques (e.g., author’s claim, supporting relevant and logical evidence, an identified countercla...
8.T.T.4
Poetic Techniques Analyze and apply poetic techniques.
8.T.T.4.a
Analyze the development of poetic techniques used to present and design content, including stanzas, rhyme scheme, imager...
8.T.T.4.b
Apply poetic techniques (e.g., stanzas, rhyme/rhyme scheme, imagery, figurative language, sound devices) to produce poet...

High School

10.L.GC.1
Grammar, Usage, & Mechanics Draw from knowledge of the conventions of Standard English grammar, usage, and mechanics whe...
10.L.GC.1.60
Mechanics: Use dashes appropriately. (Master)
10.L.GC.1.61
Grammar, Usage, Mechanics: Use an appropriate style guide to address complex issues of grammar, usage, or mechanics. (Ma...
10.L.GC.2
Syntax Apply understanding of syntax to comprehend, analyze, evaluate, craft, and reshape sentences to achieve desired e...
10.L.GC.2.a
Apply understandings of syntax to comprehend, analyze, and evaluate a wide variety of texts, including analyzing instanc...
10.L.GC.2.b
Compose texts with varied syntax, reshaping sentences for effect while maintaining consistency of verb tenses, aspects, ...
10.L.GC.2.c
Maintain consistent use of active voice throughout a text for deliberate effect. (C)
10.L.GC.2.d
Expand and enrich ideas and information, incorporating details and descriptions to achieve specific purposes or facilita...
10.L.GC.2.e
Recognize and use parallel structure within a paragraph to create symmetry and convey a congruence of ideas. (C)
10.L.V.1
General, Academic, & Specialized Vocabulary Use expanding vocabulary knowledge to interpret texts and to craft effective...
10.L.V.1.a
Acquire a range of general, academic, disciplinary, technical, and professional vocabulary through grade-level print, di...
10.L.V.1.b
Use grade-level general, academic, disciplinary, technical, and professional vocabulary to communicate clearly and preci...
10.L.V.2
Word Analysis Use word knowledge and word analysis skills to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases and t...
10.L.V.2.a
Deconstruct unknown words or phrases using etymology knowledge, common Greek and Latin roots, root words, and/or affixes...
10.L.V.2.b
Determine the meanings of words and phrases in context by analyzing the function of parts of speech. (I)
10.L.V.2.c
Construct words based on Greek and Latin roots, root words, and/or affixes and use those words appropriately in context....
10.L.V.2.d
Use knowledge of parts of speech to determine precise and effective words and phrases when constructing texts. (C)
10.L.V.3
Meaning & Purpose Analyze and craft nuanced words and phrases in a variety of texts and for a variety of purposes.
10.L.V.3.a
This progression transitions to 9-12.L.V.3.b.
10.L.V.3.b
Analyze relationships between words to determine connotative and denotative meanings for words and/or phrases across a v...
10.L.V.3.c
Analyze the nuances in connotative meaning of words that share a similar denotation. (I)
10.L.V.3.d
Use available print and/or digital resources, including reference materials, style guides, digital tools (e.g., online s...
10.L.V.3.e
Make strategic language decisions when writing or speaking by determining, clarifying, or verifying the nuanced meanings...
10.P.AC.1
Reading like a Writer Interpret texts through the author’s lens by identifying, analyzing, and evaluating craft techniqu...
10.P.AC.1.a
Identify, apply, and analyze the literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements in ...
10.P.AC.1.b
Identify, apply, and analyze important, interesting, or effective uses of language, explaining or evaluating how specifi...
10.P.AC.1.c
Explain, analyze, and evaluate how the author’s use of sentence structure and syntax affects the target audience and sup...
10.P.AC.1.d
Describe, analyze, and evaluate the design and organization of the text, explaining how specific formats, structures, pa...
10.P.AC.2
Writing like a Reader Construct texts with the audience’s experience in mind, basing decisions about craft techniques on...
10.P.AC.2.a
Integrate literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements to appeal to target audien...
10.P.AC.2.b
Craft words and phrases in order to influence the responses, thoughts, decisions, and questions of the target audience a...
10.P.AC.2.c
Make decisions about sentence structure and syntax in order to accommodate and influence the audience and achieve a spec...
10.P.AC.2.d
Organize texts by incorporating specific formats, structures, patterns, and features to influence the audience, facilita...
10.P.AC.3
Text Design Consider the impact of text design on audience and purpose when consuming and producing texts across modes a...
10.P.AC.3.a
Explore and create texts in various modes and genres, developing and applying knowledge of how specific features impact ...
10.P.AC.3.b
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact what kinds of ideas and information are included in texts. (I/C)
10.P.AC.3.c
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact how ideas and information are structured and arranged in texts. (I/C)
10.P.AC.3.d
Consume and produce multimodal texts, integrating a variety of genres, text features, and craft techniques to influence ...
10.P.CP.1
Collaboration Collaborate with others to accomplish shared goals and projects.
10.P.CP.1.a
Arrive to group discussions and collaborative meetings prepared to be an active participant in the work. (I/C)
10.P.CP.1.b
Collaborate with others to determine group norms, establish goals and procedures, and facilitate productivity when worki...
10.P.CP.1.c
Contribute to discussions and shared projects by offering ideas, listening to the ideas of others, and providing feedbac...
10.P.CP.1.d
Work with others to discuss topics, investigate questions, solve problems, and explore and create texts. (I/C)
10.P.CP.2
Presentation Use presentation skills to tailor communication to target audiences for specific purposes.
10.P.CP.2.a
Communicate clearly to present ideas, information, and texts. (I/C)
10.P.CP.2.b
Integrate modes and genres most appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
10.P.CP.2.c
Vary tone, pace, and nonverbal gestures as appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
10.P.CP.2.d
Engage in dialogue with audiences by asking and answering questions. (I/C)
10.P.CP.2.e
Build background knowledge by reciting all or part of significant poems and speeches as appropriate by grade level. (I/C...
10.P.EICC.1
Reader & Writer Identity Build an identity as a reader and writer, developing a repertoire of resources and tools to con...
10.P.EICC.1.a
Generate, understand, monitor, and discuss personal and academic reading and writing goals, revising as appropriate. (I/...
10.P.EICC.1.b
Discuss or write about personal and academic reading and writing preferences, referring to specific techniques, topics, ...
10.P.EICC.1.c
Select, read, and write texts of personal interest and academic relevance to grade-level texts and topics. (I/C)
10.P.EICC.1.d
Build a repertoire of comprehension and composition skills, strategies, and techniques, drawing from them as needed to a...
10.P.EICC.1.e
Participate in a community of readers and writers by developing group norms, discussing texts, sharing individual writin...
10.P.EICC.1.f
Develop independence and autonomy as a reader and writer. (I/C)
10.P.EICC.2
Engagement & Intention Engage in written or spoken dialogue as author and audience for a variety of tasks and purposes, ...
10.P.EICC.2.a
Share real or imagined experiences by interpreting and constructing texts that tell or include stories. (I/C)
10.P.EICC.2.b
Make use of texts to build knowledge, develop skills, make informed decisions, and share information and ideas. (I/C)
10.P.EICC.2.c
Explain and learn concepts and processes by interpreting and constructing texts. (I/C)
10.P.EICC.2.d
Interpret and construct texts to aid the analysis and evaluation of texts and ideas. (I/C)
10.P.EICC.2.e
Consume and produce texts in order to solve problems or influence decisions. (I/C)
10.P.EICC.3
Comprehension Strategies Engage with a range of complex texts for a variety of tasks and purposes, accessing and using s...
10.P.EICC.3.a
Establish a purpose and set goals for reading, monitor comprehension, and adjust as needed. (I)
10.P.EICC.3.b
Scan and skim the text, making note of structures and sections that might be most useful. (I)
10.P.EICC.3.c
Draw from, compare, build, and integrate prior knowledge with the material in the text, addressing inconsistencies or ga...
10.P.EICC.3.d
Summarize and visualize sections of the text to maintain understanding. (I)
10.P.EICC.3.e
Make and track predictions about the events and information likely to come next. (I)
10.P.EICC.3.f
Make, track, and support inferences about different levels of meaning within the text. (I)
10.P.EICC.3.g
Determine the meanings of unfamiliar words and concepts by applying knowledge of context and of academic vocabulary and ...
10.P.EICC.4
Writing Processes Compose a range of texts for a variety of purposes and audiences, flexibly engaging in writing process...
10.P.EICC.4.a
Establish a purpose and goals for writing and identify a target audience. (C)
10.P.EICC.4.b
Plan how to organize the text by selecting modes, genres, and structures that will achieve the purpose and meet the need...
10.P.EICC.4.c
Generate ideas for content by assessing prior knowledge, gathering information from texts, and engaging in discussions w...
10.P.EICC.4.d
Link ideas and information to the organization plan, highlighting ideas and information that are most relevant, useful, ...
10.P.EICC.4.e
Construct an initial draft by integrating ideas and information; selecting words, phrases, and sentences; and incorporat...
10.P.EICC.4.f
Evaluate the text’s effectiveness based on self-review or feedback from others, determining whether the text matches the...
10.P.EICC.4.g
Make changes to the text based on self-evaluation or external feedback, revising the organization, ideas, information, w...
10.P.EICC.4.h
Edit the text, ensuring it adheres to the conventions of written language. (C)
10.P.ST.1
Context Develop and apply knowledge of key components of context such as background information, geographic location, cu...
10.P.ST.1.a
Use prior knowledge, formal or informal research, and discussions with others to identify the key components of context ...
10.P.ST.1.b
Consider how context impacts the purposes of the author and the audience. (I/C)
10.P.ST.1.c
Explore how context shapes the author’s decisions and the audience’s responses during the interpretation and constructio...
10.P.ST.2
Author, Audience, & Purpose Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and tec...
10.P.ST.2.a
Develop and apply knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish the purpose of texts being interpr...
10.P.ST.2.b
Draw from knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish a clear point of view or unique perspectiv...
10.P.ST.2.c
Draw from knowledge of how authors consider context and audience to determine which information and ideas to highlight, ...
10.T.C.1
Purposes & Audiences Analyze the impact of purpose and audience on a wide variety of texts.
10.T.C.1.a
Use knowledge of texts’ distinct disciplinary, personal, or technical purposes to aid comprehension. (I)
10.T.C.1.b
Evaluate the impact of context and language on a text’s reception by the audience. (I)
10.T.C.1.c
Construct and self-evaluate multimodal texts and/or presentations that serve more than one purpose and target a specific...
10.T.C.2
Authors & Speakers Evaluate how authors’ and/or speakers’ perspectives influence texts and how circumstances shape their...
10.T.C.2.a
Compare and contrast varying perspectives on a particular topic found across a variety of texts, analyzing how texts est...
10.T.C.2.b
Identify overtly commercial influences on texts in audiovisual and digital modes and platforms. (I)
10.T.C.2.c
Explain how multiple contexts (including historical and disciplinary) influence perspectives across time and the associa...
10.T.C.2.d
Synthesize information from a variety of credible sources used to research the answers to questions on academic and indi...
10.T.PM.1
Demonstrate knowledge of dominant themes, genres, and verbal styles of literature from a particular time period.
10.T.PM.1.a
Explain how a modern author adapts an archetypal story, myth, event, or figure to new purposes and circumstances. (I)
10.T.PM.1.b
Identify and discuss major authors and works of two periods of English and American literary history, including key them...
10.T.RA.1
Research & Inquiry Conduct research, generating questions to guide investigations of complex topics of interest and usin...
10.T.RA.1.a
Generate questions to guide research, make connections between complex topics, explore creative solutions, narrow focus,...
10.T.RA.1.b
Use analytical findings to support a research question or thesis, citing appropriately. (I)
10.T.RA.1.c
Integrate paraphrased, summarized, and quoted material into original texts in various ways for intended purposes that st...
10.T.RA.2
Curating Sources & Evidence Reference parts of texts to address a specific topic or question and explore various sources...
10.T.RA.2.a
Navigate and use a variety of credible print and digital sources, including academic databases, to locate relevant infor...
10.T.RA.2.b
Analyze information from a variety of sources by identifying misconceptions, conflicting information or perspectives, an...
10.T.RA.2.c
Follow Modern Language Association (MLA) guidelines when responding to inferential questions about texts or when integra...
10.T.SS.1
Organization Analyze, evaluate, and use organizational structures and style to shape thoughts across genres.
10.T.SS.1.a
Analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of a text’s organizational structure to meet the needs and expectations of the ta...
10.T.SS.1.b
Craft and organize texts using an appropriate structure and features for mode, genre, purpose, and audience. (C)
10.T.SS.1.c
Guide the audience through texts using varied transitions, including between paragraphs and text sections, to enhance co...
10.T.SS.1.d
Apply knowledge of text structure and organization to create coherent and cohesive texts with an introduction that guide...
10.T.SS.2
Craft Analyze, evaluate, and craft language to produce intended effects in a wide variety of texts.
10.T.SS.2.a
Analyze how the use of figurative, connotative, and/or rhetorical language contributes to the development of meaning, to...
10.T.SS.2.b
Use literary devices, figurative language, rhetorical language, and/or rhetorical appeals to create a variety of effects...
10.T.SS.2.c
Use formal style when speaking or writing to establish credibility and tone. (C)
10.T.T.1
Narrative Techniques Evaluate and apply narrative techniques to enhance text’s appeal to audiences or achieve specific p...
10.T.T.1.a
Evaluate how narrative techniques (including archetypes, multiple perspectives, plot structure, and symbolism) interact,...
10.T.T.1.b
Evaluate and critique how plot structures, conflict, narrative devices, word choice, and other craft techniques are impa...
10.T.T.1.c
Analyze and evaluate how a text’s theme has social relevance and is developed across a text, comparing passages within a...
10.T.T.1.d
Analyze how literary works draw on themes, event patterns, or character types from different time periods. (I)
10.T.T.1.e
Effectively apply a variety of narrative techniques to develop complex character(s) who change, use setting to create mo...
10.T.T.2
Expository Techniques Evaluate and apply expository techniques to enhance text’s appeal to audiences or achieve specific...
10.T.T.2.a
Evaluate and critique expository techniques and organizational patterns and their effect; discuss and analyze clarity of...
10.T.T.2.b
Analyze texts with conflicting information or opposing viewpoints and determine where the texts disagree on matters of f...
10.T.T.2.d
Apply expository techniques to develop a cohesive text, organized in a way that clarifies the relationship between ideas...
10.T.T.3
Argumentative Techniques Evaluate and apply argumentative techniques to enhance text’s appeal to audiences or achieve sp...
10.T.T.3.a
Read, discuss, evaluate, and critique a variety of texts, considering the argumentative techniques used to present and d...
10.T.T.3.b
Analyze the use of rhetorical appeals; identify fallacies in a text. (I)
10.T.T.3.c
Apply argumentative techniques strategically to enhance writing and engage audiences. (C)
10.T.T.3.d
Integrate multiple rhetorical devices or appeals strategically. (C)
10.T.T.4
Poetic Techniques Evaluate and apply poetic techniques to enhance text’s appeal to audiences or achieve specific purpose...
10.T.T.4.a
Read, discuss, evaluate, and critique a variety of poetic texts, considering poetic techniques used to present and desig...
10.T.T.4.b
Apply knowledge of various poetic techniques and conventions to create poetic text for an intended purpose. (C)
11.L.GC.1
Grammar, Usage, & Mechanics Draw from knowledge of the conventions of Standard English grammar, usage, and mechanics whe...
11.L.GC.2
Syntax Apply understanding of syntax to comprehend, analyze, evaluate, craft, and reshape sentences to achieve desired e...
11.L.GC.2.a
Apply understandings of syntax to comprehend, analyze, and evaluate a wide variety of texts, including evaluating instan...
11.L.GC.2.b
Compose texts with varied syntax, reshaping sentences for style and effect while maintaining consistency of verb tenses,...
11.L.GC.2.c
Maintain consistent use of active or passive voice throughout a text, as determined by the purpose, audience, and discip...
11.L.GC.2.d
Expand and enrich ideas and information, incorporating details and descriptions to achieve specific purposes and facilit...
11.L.GC.2.e
Use and revise parallel structure across paragraphs or sections to create symmetry and convey a congruence of ideas. (C)
11.L.V.1
General, Academic, & Specialized Vocabulary Use expanding vocabulary knowledge to interpret texts and to craft effective...
11.L.V.1.a
Acquire a range of general, academic, disciplinary, technical, and professional vocabulary through grade-level print, di...
11.L.V.1.b
Use grade-level general, academic, disciplinary, technical, and professional vocabulary to communicate clearly and preci...
11.L.V.2
Word Analysis Use word knowledge and word analysis skills to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases and t...
11.L.V.2.a
Deconstruct unknown words or phrases using etymology knowledge, common Greek and Latin roots, root words, and/or affixes...
11.L.V.2.b
Determine the meanings of words and phrases in context by analyzing the function of parts of speech. (I)
11.L.V.2.c
Construct words based on Greek and Latin roots, root words, and/or affixes and use those words appropriately in context....
11.L.V.2.d
Use knowledge of parts of speech to determine precise and effective words and phrases when constructing texts. (C)
11.L.V.3
Meaning & Purpose Analyze and craft nuanced words and phrases in a variety of texts and for a variety of purposes.
11.L.V.3.a
This progression transitions to 9-12.L.V.3.b.
11.L.V.3.b
Analyze relationships between words to determine connotative and denotative meanings for words and/or phrases across a v...
11.L.V.3.c
Analyze the nuances in connotative meaning of words that share a similar denotation. (I)
11.L.V.3.d
Use available print and/or digital resources, including reference materials, style guides, digital tools (e.g., online s...
11.L.V.3.e
Make strategic language decisions when writing or speaking by determining, clarifying, or verifying the nuanced meanings...
11.P.AC.1
Reading like a Writer Interpret texts through the author’s lens by identifying, analyzing, and evaluating craft techniqu...
11.P.AC.1.a
Identify, apply, and analyze the literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements in ...
11.P.AC.1.b
Identify, apply, and analyze important, interesting, or effective uses of language, explaining or evaluating how specifi...
11.P.AC.1.c
Explain, analyze, and evaluate how the author’s use of sentence structure and syntax affects the target audience and sup...
11.P.AC.1.d
Describe, analyze, and evaluate the design and organization of the text, explaining how specific formats, structures, pa...
11.P.AC.2
Writing like a Reader Construct texts with the audience’s experience in mind, basing decisions about craft techniques on...
11.P.AC.2.a
Integrate literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements to appeal to target audien...
11.P.AC.2.b
Craft words and phrases in order to influence the responses, thoughts, decisions, and questions of the target audience a...
11.P.AC.2.c
Make decisions about sentence structure and syntax in order to accommodate and influence the audience and achieve a spec...
11.P.AC.2.d
Organize texts by incorporating specific formats, structures, patterns, and features to influence the audience, facilita...
11.P.AC.3
Text Design Consider the impact of text design on audience and purpose when consuming and producing texts across modes a...
11.P.AC.3.a
Explore and create texts in various modes and genres, developing and applying knowledge of how specific features impact ...
11.P.AC.3.b
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact what kinds of ideas and information are included in texts. (I/C)
11.P.AC.3.c
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact how ideas and information are structured and arranged in texts. (I/C)
11.P.AC.3.d
Consume and produce multimodal texts, integrating a variety of genres, text features, and craft techniques to influence ...
11.P.CP.1
Collaboration Collaborate with others to accomplish shared goals and projects.
11.P.CP.1.a
Arrive to group discussions and collaborative meetings prepared to be an active participant in the work. (I/C)
11.P.CP.1.b
Collaborate with others to determine group norms, establish goals and procedures, and facilitate productivity when worki...
11.P.CP.1.c
Contribute to discussions and shared projects by offering ideas, listening to the ideas of others, and providing feedbac...
11.P.CP.1.d
Work with others to discuss topics, investigate questions, solve problems, and explore and create texts. (I/C)
11.P.CP.2
Presentation Use presentation skills to tailor communication to target audiences for specific purposes.
11.P.CP.2.a
Communicate clearly to present ideas, information, and texts. (I/C)
11.P.CP.2.b
Integrate modes and genres most appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
11.P.CP.2.c
Vary tone, pace, and nonverbal gestures as appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
11.P.CP.2.d
Engage in dialogue with audiences by asking and answering questions. (I/C)
11.P.CP.2.e
Build background knowledge by reciting all or part of significant poems and speeches as appropriate by grade level. (I/C...
11.P.EICC.1
Reader & Writer Identity Build an identity as a reader and writer, developing a repertoire of resources and tools to con...
11.P.EICC.1.a
Generate, understand, monitor, and discuss personal and academic reading and writing goals, revising as appropriate. (I/...
11.P.EICC.1.b
Discuss or write about personal and academic reading and writing preferences, referring to specific techniques, topics, ...
11.P.EICC.1.c
Select, read, and write texts of personal interest and academic relevance to grade-level texts and topics. (I/C)
11.P.EICC.1.d
Build a repertoire of comprehension and composition skills, strategies, and techniques, drawing from them as needed to a...
11.P.EICC.1.e
Participate in a community of readers and writers by developing group norms, discussing texts, sharing individual writin...
11.P.EICC.1.f
Develop independence and autonomy as a reader and writer. (I/C)
11.P.EICC.2
Engagement & Intention Engage in written or spoken dialogue as author and audience for a variety of tasks and purposes, ...
11.P.EICC.2.a
Share real or imagined experiences by interpreting and constructing texts that tell or include stories. (I/C)
11.P.EICC.2.b
Make use of texts to build knowledge, develop skills, make informed decisions, and share information and ideas. (I/C)
11.P.EICC.2.c
Explain and learn concepts and processes by interpreting and constructing texts. (I/C)
11.P.EICC.2.d
Interpret and construct texts to aid the analysis and evaluation of texts and ideas. (I/C)
11.P.EICC.2.e
Consume and produce texts in order to solve problems or influence decisions. (I/C)
11.P.EICC.3
Comprehension Strategies Engage with a range of complex texts for a variety of tasks and purposes, accessing and using s...
11.P.EICC.3.a
Establish a purpose and set goals for reading, monitor comprehension, and adjust as needed. (I)
11.P.EICC.3.b
Scan and skim the text, making note of structures and sections that might be most useful. (I)
11.P.EICC.3.c
Draw from, compare, build, and integrate prior knowledge with the material in the text, addressing inconsistencies or ga...
11.P.EICC.3.d
Summarize and visualize sections of the text to maintain understanding. (I)
11.P.EICC.3.e
Make and track predictions about the events and information likely to come next. (I)
11.P.EICC.3.f
Make, track, and support inferences about different levels of meaning within the text. (I)
11.P.EICC.3.g
Determine the meanings of unfamiliar words and concepts by applying knowledge of context and of academic vocabulary and ...
11.P.EICC.4
Writing Processes Compose a range of texts for a variety of purposes and audiences, flexibly engaging in writing process...
11.P.EICC.4.a
Establish a purpose and goals for writing and identify a target audience. (C)
11.P.EICC.4.b
Plan how to organize the text by selecting modes, genres, and structures that will achieve the purpose and meet the need...
11.P.EICC.4.c
Generate ideas for content by assessing prior knowledge, gathering information from texts, and engaging in discussions w...
11.P.EICC.4.d
Link ideas and information to the organization plan, highlighting ideas and information that are most relevant, useful, ...
11.P.EICC.4.e
Construct an initial draft by integrating ideas and information; selecting words, phrases, and sentences; and incorporat...
11.P.EICC.4.f
Evaluate the text’s effectiveness based on self-review or feedback from others, determining whether the text matches the...
11.P.EICC.4.g
Make changes to the text based on self-evaluation or external feedback, revising the organization, ideas, information, w...
11.P.EICC.4.h
Edit the text, ensuring it adheres to the conventions of written language. (C)
11.P.ST.1
Context Develop and apply knowledge of key components of context such as background information, geographic location, cu...
11.P.ST.1.a
Use prior knowledge, formal or informal research, and discussions with others to identify the key components of context ...
11.P.ST.1.b
Consider how context impacts the purposes of the author and the audience. (I/C)
11.P.ST.1.c
Explore how context shapes the author’s decisions and the audience’s responses during the interpretation and constructio...
11.P.ST.2
Author, Audience, & Purpose Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and tec...
11.P.ST.2.a
Develop and apply knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish the purpose of texts being interpr...
11.P.ST.2.b
Draw from knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish a clear point of view or unique perspectiv...
11.P.ST.2.c
Draw from knowledge of how authors consider context and audience to determine which information and ideas to highlight, ...
11.T.C.1
Purposes & Audiences Analyze the impact of purpose and audience on a wide variety of texts.
11.T.C.1.a
Use knowledge of texts’ distinct disciplinary, personal, or technical purposes to aid comprehension. (I)
11.T.C.1.b
Assess the impact of voice and tone on a text’s reception by the audience. (I)
11.T.C.1.c
Construct and self-evaluate multimodal texts and/or presentations that serve more than one purpose and target a specific...
11.T.C.2
Authors & Speakers Evaluate how authors’ and/or speakers’ perspectives influence texts and how circumstances shape their...
11.T.C.2.a
Compare and contrast varying perspectives on a particular topic found across a variety of texts, analyzing how texts est...
11.T.C.2.b
Determine influencers of text, including “invisible” commercial influences. (I)
11.T.C.2.c
Evaluate the extent to which historical, disciplinary, and/or personal perspectives affect authors' stylistic and themat...
11.T.C.2.d
Synthesize information from a variety of credible sources used to research the answers to questions on academic and indi...
11.T.PM.1
Demonstrate knowledge of dominant themes, genres, and verbal styles of literature from a particular time period.
11.T.PM.1.a
Explain how a group of writers in a particular time and place came together to constitute a social/cultural/political mo...
11.T.PM.1.b
Identify and discuss major authors and works of three periods of English and American literary history, including key th...
11.T.RA.1
Research & Inquiry Conduct research, generating questions to guide investigations of complex topics of interest and usin...
11.T.RA.1.a
Generate questions to guide research, make connections between complex topics, explore creative solutions, narrow focus,...
11.T.RA.1.b
Synthesize information from a variety of credible sources to support a central thesis, citing appropriately. (I)
11.T.RA.1.c
Integrate paraphrased, summarized, and quoted material into original texts in various ways for intended purposes that st...
11.T.RA.2
Curating Sources & Evidence Reference parts of texts to address a specific topic or question and explore various sources...
11.T.RA.2.a
Navigate and use a variety of credible print and digital sources, including academic databases, to locate relevant infor...
11.T.RA.2.b
Analyze information from a variety of sources by identifying misconceptions, conflicting information or perspectives, an...
11.T.RA.2.c
Follow Modern Language Association (MLA) or American Psychological Association (APA) guidelines when responding to infer...
11.T.SS.1
Organization Analyze, evaluate, and use organizational structures and style to shape thoughts across genres.
11.T.SS.1.a
Analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of a text’s organizational structure to meet the needs and expectations of the ta...
11.T.SS.1.b
Blend multiple organizational structures to support and enhance a text’s central message. (C)
11.T.SS.1.c
Guide the audience through texts using varied transitions that are appropriate to the mode of communication, including b...
11.T.SS.1.d
Apply knowledge of text structure and organization to create influential texts with an introduction that guides the focu...
11.T.SS.2
Craft Analyze, evaluate, and craft language to produce intended effects in a wide variety of texts.
11.T.SS.2.a
Analyze and evaluate how the use of figurative, connotative, and/or rhetorical language contributes to the development o...
11.T.SS.2.b
Use literary devices, figurative language, rhetorical language, and/or rhetorical appeals to create a variety of effects...
11.T.SS.2.c
Build credibility through a consistent formal, authoritative tone indicative of a confident and knowledgeable expert. (C...
11.T.T.1
Narrative Techniques Evaluate and apply narrative techniques to enhance text’s appeal to audiences or achieve specific p...
11.T.T.1.a
Compare how narrative techniques (including archetypes, multiple perspectives, plot structure, and symbolism) develop an...
11.T.T.1.b
Compare and evaluate how an author uses plot structures, conflict, narrative devices, word choice, and other craft techn...
11.T.T.1.c
Compare how different authors develop a similar theme, comparing passages within and across texts, providing both reason...
11.T.T.1.d
Analyze how literary works draw on themes, event patterns, or character types from different time periods. (I)
11.T.T.1.e
Effectively apply a variety of narrative techniques to develop complex character(s) who change, use setting to create mo...
11.T.T.2
Expository Techniques Evaluate and apply expository techniques to enhance text’s appeal to audiences or achieve specific...
11.T.T.2.a
Evaluate and critique expository techniques and organizational patterns and their effect; evaluate clarity of informatio...
11.T.T.2.b
Analyze and evaluate texts with conflicting information or opposing viewpoints and determine where the texts disagree on...
11.T.T.2.d
Apply expository techniques to develop a cohesive text, organized in a way that clarifies the relationship between ideas...
11.T.T.3
Argumentative Techniques Evaluate and apply argumentative techniques to enhance text’s appeal to audiences or achieve sp...
11.T.T.3.a
Read, discuss, evaluate, and critique a variety of texts, considering the argumentative techniques used to present and d...
11.T.T.3.b
Explain and analyze the impact of logical fallacies in a variety of texts. (I)
11.T.T.3.c
Apply argumentative techniques strategically to enhance writing and engage audiences. (C)
11.T.T.3.d
Integrate multiple rhetorical devices or appeals strategically. (C)
11.T.T.4
Poetic Techniques Evaluate and apply poetic techniques to enhance text’s appeal to audiences or achieve specific purpose...
11.T.T.4.a
Read, discuss, evaluate, and critique a variety of poetic texts, considering poetic techniques used to present and desig...
11.T.T.4.b
Apply knowledge of various poetic techniques and conventions to create poetic text for an intended purpose. (C)
12.L.GC.1
Grammar, Usage, & Mechanics Draw from knowledge of the conventions of Standard English grammar, usage, and mechanics wh...
12.L.GC.2
Syntax Apply understanding of syntax to comprehend, analyze, evaluate, craft, and reshape sentences to achieve desired e...
12.L.GC.2.a
Apply understandings of syntax to comprehend, analyze, and evaluate a wide variety of texts, including evaluating instan...
12.L.GC.2.b
Compose texts with varied syntax, reshaping sentences for style and effect while maintaining consistency of verb tenses,...
12.L.GC.2.c
Maintain consistent use of active or passive voice throughout a text, as determined by the purpose, audience, and discip...
12.L.GC.2.d
Expand and enrich ideas and information, incorporating details and descriptions to achieve specific purposes and facilit...
12.L.GC.2.e
Use and revise parallel structure across paragraphs or sections to create symmetry and convey a congruence of ideas. (C)
12.L.V.1
General, Academic, & Specialized Vocabulary Use expanding vocabulary knowledge to interpret texts and to craft effective...
12.L.V.1.a
Acquire a range of general, academic, disciplinary, technical, and professional vocabulary through grade-level print, di...
12.L.V.1.b
Use grade-level general, academic, disciplinary, technical, and professional vocabulary to communicate clearly and preci...
12.L.V.2
Word Analysis Use word knowledge and word analysis skills to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases and t...
12.L.V.2.a
Deconstruct unknown words or phrases using etymology knowledge, common Greek and Latin roots, root words, and/or affixes...
12.L.V.2.b
Determine the meanings of words and phrases in context by analyzing the function of parts of speech. (I)
12.L.V.2.c
Construct words based on Greek and Latin roots, root words, and/or affixes and use those words appropriately in context....
12.L.V.2.d
Use knowledge of parts of speech to determine precise and effective words and phrases when constructing texts. (C)
12.L.V.3
Meaning & Purpose Analyze and craft nuanced words and phrases in a variety of texts and for a variety of purposes.
12.L.V.3.a
This progression transitions to 9-12.L.V.3.b.
12.L.V.3.b
Analyze relationships between words to determine connotative and denotative meanings for words and/or phrases across a v...
12.L.V.3.c
Analyze the nuances in connotative meaning of words that share a similar denotation. (I)
12.L.V.3.d
Use available print and/or digital resources, including reference materials, style guides, digital tools (e.g., online s...
12.L.V.3.e
Make strategic language decisions when writing or speaking by determining, clarifying, or verifying the nuanced meanings...
12.P.AC.1
Reading like a Writer Interpret texts through the author’s lens by identifying, analyzing, and evaluating craft techniqu...
12.P.AC.1.a
Identify, apply, and analyze the literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements in ...
12.P.AC.1.b
Identify, apply, and analyze important, interesting, or effective uses of language, explaining or evaluating how specifi...
12.P.AC.1.c
Explain, analyze, and evaluate how the author’s use of sentence structure and syntax affects the target audience and sup...
12.P.AC.1.d
Describe, analyze, and evaluate the design and organization of the text, explaining how specific formats, structures, pa...
12.P.AC.2
Writing like a Reader Construct texts with the audience’s experience in mind, basing decisions about craft techniques on...
12.P.AC.2.a
Integrate literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements to appeal to target audien...
12.P.AC.2.b
Craft words and phrases in order to influence the responses, thoughts, decisions, and questions of the target audience a...
12.P.AC.2.c
Make decisions about sentence structure and syntax in order to accommodate and influence the audience and achieve a spec...
12.P.AC.2.d
Organize texts by incorporating specific formats, structures, patterns, and features to influence the audience, facilita...
12.P.AC.3
Text Design Consider the impact of text design on audience and purpose when consuming and producing texts across modes a...
12.P.AC.3.a
Explore and create texts in various modes and genres, developing and applying knowledge of how specific features impact ...
12.P.AC.3.b
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact what kinds of ideas and information are included in texts. (I/C)
12.P.AC.3.c
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact how ideas and information are structured and arranged in texts. (I/C)
12.P.AC.3.d
Consume and produce multimodal texts, integrating a variety of genres, text features, and craft techniques to influence ...
12.P.CP.1
Collaboration Collaborate with others to accomplish shared goals and projects.
12.P.CP.1.a
Arrive to group discussions and collaborative meetings prepared to be an active participant in the work. (I/C)
12.P.CP.1.b
Collaborate with others to determine group norms, establish goals and procedures, and facilitate productivity when worki...
12.P.CP.1.c
Contribute to discussions and shared projects by offering ideas, listening to the ideas of others, and providing feedbac...
12.P.CP.1.d
Work with others to discuss topics, investigate questions, solve problems, and explore and create texts. (I/C)
12.P.CP.2
Presentation Use presentation skills to tailor communication to target audiences for specific purposes.
12.P.CP.2.a
Communicate clearly to present ideas, information, and texts. (I/C)
12.P.CP.2.b
Integrate modes and genres most appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
12.P.CP.2.c
Vary tone, pace, and nonverbal gestures as appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
12.P.CP.2.d
Engage in dialogue with audiences by asking and answering questions. (I/C)
12.P.CP.2.e
Build background knowledge by reciting all or part of significant poems and speeches as appropriate by grade level. (I/C...
12.P.EICC.1
Reader & Writer Identity Build an identity as a reader and writer, developing a repertoire of resources and tools to con...
12.P.EICC.1.a
Generate, understand, monitor, and discuss personal and academic reading and writing goals, revising as appropriate. (I/...
12.P.EICC.1.b
Discuss or write about personal and academic reading and writing preferences, referring to specific techniques, topics, ...
12.P.EICC.1.c
Select, read, and write texts of personal interest and academic relevance to grade-level texts and topics. (I/C)
12.P.EICC.1.d
Build a repertoire of comprehension and composition skills, strategies, and techniques, drawing from them as needed to a...
12.P.EICC.1.e
Participate in a community of readers and writers by developing group norms, discussing texts, sharing individual writin...
12.P.EICC.1.f
Develop independence and autonomy as a reader and writer. (I/C)
12.P.EICC.2
Engagement & Intention Engage in written or spoken dialogue as author and audience for a variety of tasks and purposes, ...
12.P.EICC.2.a
Share real or imagined experiences by interpreting and constructing texts that tell or include stories. (I/C)
12.P.EICC.2.b
Make use of texts to build knowledge, develop skills, make informed decisions, and share information and ideas. (I/C)
12.P.EICC.2.c
Explain and learn concepts and processes by interpreting and constructing texts. (I/C)
12.P.EICC.2.d
Interpret and construct texts to aid the analysis and evaluation of texts and ideas. (I/C)
12.P.EICC.2.e
Consume and produce texts in order to solve problems or influence decisions. (I/C)
12.P.EICC.3
Comprehension Strategies Engage with a range of complex texts for a variety of tasks and purposes, accessing and using s...
12.P.EICC.3.a
Establish a purpose and set goals for reading, monitor comprehension, and adjust as needed. (I)
12.P.EICC.3.b
Scan and skim the text, making note of structures and sections that might be most useful. (I)
12.P.EICC.3.c
Draw from, compare, build, and integrate prior knowledge with the material in the text, addressing inconsistencies or ga...
12.P.EICC.3.d
Summarize and visualize sections of the text to maintain understanding. (I)
12.P.EICC.3.e
Make and track predictions about the events and information likely to come next. (I)
12.P.EICC.3.f
Make, track, and support inferences about different levels of meaning within the text. (I)
12.P.EICC.3.g
Determine the meanings of unfamiliar words and concepts by applying knowledge of context and of academic vocabulary and ...
12.P.EICC.4
Writing Processes Compose a range of texts for a variety of purposes and audiences, flexibly engaging in writing process...
12.P.EICC.4.a
Establish a purpose and goals for writing and identify a target audience. (C)
12.P.EICC.4.b
Plan how to organize the text by selecting modes, genres, and structures that will achieve the purpose and meet the need...
12.P.EICC.4.c
Generate ideas for content by assessing prior knowledge, gathering information from texts, and engaging in discussions w...
12.P.EICC.4.d
Link ideas and information to the organization plan, highlighting ideas and information that are most relevant, useful, ...
12.P.EICC.4.e
Construct an initial draft by integrating ideas and information; selecting words, phrases, and sentences; and incorporat...
12.P.EICC.4.f
Evaluate the text’s effectiveness based on self-review or feedback from others, determining whether the text matches the...
12.P.EICC.4.g
Make changes to the text based on self-evaluation or external feedback, revising the organization, ideas, information, w...
12.P.EICC.4.h
Edit the text, ensuring it adheres to the conventions of written language. (C)
12.P.ST.1
Context Develop and apply knowledge of key components of context such as background information, geographic location, cu...
12.P.ST.1.a
Use prior knowledge, formal or informal research, and discussions with others to identify the key components of context ...
12.P.ST.1.b
Consider how context impacts the purposes of the author and the audience. (I/C)
12.P.ST.1.c
Explore how context shapes the author’s decisions and the audience’s responses during the interpretation and constructio...
12.P.ST.2
Author, Audience, & Purpose Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and tec...
12.P.ST.2.a
Develop and apply knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish the purpose of texts being interpr...
12.P.ST.2.b
Draw from knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish a clear point of view or unique perspectiv...
12.P.ST.2.c
Draw from knowledge of how authors consider context and audience to determine which information and ideas to highlight, ...
12.T.C.1
Purposes & Audiences Analyze the impact of purpose and audience on a wide variety of texts.
12.T.C.1.a
Use knowledge of texts’ distinct disciplinary, personal, or technical purposes to aid comprehension. (I)
12.T.C.1.b
Evaluate the impact of voice and tone on a text’s reception by the audience. (I)
12.T.C.1.c
Construct and self-evaluate multimodal texts and/or presentations that serve more than one purpose and target a specific...
12.T.C.2
Authors & Speakers Evaluate how authors’ and/or speakers’ perspectives influence texts and how circumstances shape their...
12.T.C.2.a
Compare and contrast varying perspectives on a particular topic found across a variety of texts, analyzing how texts est...
12.T.C.2.b
Locate the original source of questionable content to better evaluate credibility and validity. (I)
12.T.C.2.c
Evaluate the extent to which historical, disciplinary, and/or personal perspectives affect authors' stylistic and themat...
12.T.C.2.d
Synthesize information from a variety of credible sources used to research the answers to questions on academic and indi...
12.T.PM.1
Demonstrate knowledge of dominant themes, genres, and verbal styles of literature from a particular time period.
12.T.PM.1.a
Compare and contrast the works of writers and artists who are part of a specific movement during a particular time perio...
12.T.PM.1.b
Compare and contrast major authors and works of three periods of English and American literary history, including key th...
12.T.RA.1
Research & Inquiry Conduct research, generating questions to guide investigations of complex topics of interest and usin...
12.T.RA.1.a
Generate questions to guide research, make connections between complex topics, explore creative solutions, narrow focus,...
12.T.RA.1.b
Synthesize information from a variety of credible sources to support a central thesis, citing appropriately. (I)
12.T.RA.1.c
Integrate paraphrased, summarized, and quoted material into original texts in various ways for intended purposes that st...
12.T.RA.2
Curating Sources & Evidence Reference parts of texts to address a specific topic or question and explore various sources...
12.T.RA.2.a
Navigate and use a variety of credible print and digital sources, including academic databases, to locate relevant infor...
12.T.RA.2.b
Analyze information from a variety of sources by identifying misconceptions, conflicting information or perspectives, an...
12.T.RA.2.c
Follow Modern Language Association (MLA) or American Psychological Association (APA) guidelines when responding to infer...
12.T.SS.1
Organization Analyze, evaluate, and use organizational structures and style to shape thoughts across genres.
12.T.SS.1.a
Analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of a text’s organizational structure to meet the needs and expectations of the ta...
12.T.SS.1.b
Blend multiple organizational structures to support and enhance a text’s central message. (C)
12.T.SS.1.c
Guide the audience through texts using varied transitions in cohesive multimodal texts, as appropriate for purpose, audi...
12.T.SS.1.d
Apply knowledge of text structure and organization to create influential texts with an introduction that guides the focu...
12.T.SS.2
Craft Analyze, evaluate, and craft language to produce intended effects in a wide variety of texts.
12.T.SS.2.a
Analyze and evaluate how the use of figurative, connotative, and/or rhetorical language contributes to the development o...
12.T.SS.2.b
Use literary devices, figurative language, rhetorical language, and/or rhetorical appeals to create a variety of effects...
12.T.SS.2.c
Build credibility through a consistent formal, authoritative tone indicative of a confident and knowledgeable expert. (C...
12.T.T.1
Narrative Techniques Evaluate and apply narrative techniques to enhance text’s appeal to audiences or achieve specific p...
12.T.T.1.a
Evaluate how different authors develop and use narrative techniques (including archetypes, multiple perspectives, plot s...
12.T.T.1.b
Compare and evaluate how multiple authors use plot structures, conflict, narrative devices, word choice, and other craft...
12.T.T.1.c
Compare how different authors develop a similar theme, comparing passages within and across texts, providing both reason...
12.T.T.1.d
Analyze how literary works draw on themes, event patterns, or character types from different time periods. (I)
12.T.T.1.e
Effectively apply a variety of narrative techniques to develop complex character(s) who change, use setting to create mo...
12.T.T.2
Expository Techniques Evaluate and apply expository techniques to enhance text’s appeal to audiences or achieve specific...
12.T.T.2.a
Evaluate and critique expository techniques and organizational patterns and their effect; evaluate and critique clarity ...
12.T.T.2.b
Analyze and evaluate texts with conflicting information or opposing viewpoints and determine where the texts disagree on...
12.T.T.2.d
Apply expository techniques to develop a cohesive text, organized in a way that clarifies the relationship between ideas...
12.T.T.3
Argumentative Techniques Evaluate and apply argumentative techniques to enhance text’s appeal to audiences or achieve sp...
12.T.T.3.a
Read, discuss, evaluate, and critique a variety of texts, considering the argumentative techniques used to present and d...
12.T.T.3.b
Evaluate and critique the use of rhetorical language in a variety of texts. (I)
12.T.T.3.c
Apply argumentative techniques strategically to enhance writing and engage audiences. (C)
12.T.T.3.d
Integrate multiple rhetorical devices or appeals strategically. (C)*
12.T.T.4
Poetic Techniques Evaluate and apply poetic techniques to enhance text’s appeal to audiences or achieve specific purpose...
12.T.T.4.a
Read, discuss, evaluate, and critique a variety of poetic texts, considering poetic techniques used to present and desig...
12.T.T.4.b
Apply knowledge of various poetic techniques and conventions to create poetic text for an intended purpose. (C)
9.L.GC.1
Grammar, Usage, & Mechanics Draw from knowledge of the conventions of Standard English grammar, usage, and mechanics whe...
9.L.GC.1.54
Mechanics: Use conventional capitalization, quotation marks, commas, end punctuation, and parentheses (citations) when i...
9.L.GC.1.57
Usage: Form and use verbals and verbal phrases (participles/participials, gerunds, and infinitives) based on function. (...
9.L.GC.1.58
Usage: Use tenses and aspects to indicate the mood of a verb. (Master)
9.L.GC.1.59
Mechanics: Use colons to introduce quotations. (Master)
9.L.GC.1.60
Mechanics: Use dashes appropriately. (Continue)
9.L.GC.1.61
Grammar, Usage, Mechanics: Use an appropriate style guide to address complex issues of grammar, usage, or mechanics. (Co...
9.L.GC.2
Syntax Apply understanding of syntax to comprehend, analyze, evaluate, craft, and reshape sentences to achieve desired e...
9.L.GC.2.a
Apply understandings of syntax to comprehend, analyze, and evaluate a wide variety of texts, recognizing instances of pa...
9.L.GC.2.b
Compose texts with varied syntax, reshaping sentences for effect while maintaining consistency of verb tenses, aspects, ...
9.L.GC.2.c
Maintain consistent use of active voice throughout a text to communicate clearly and concisely. (C)
9.L.GC.2.d
Expand and enrich ideas and information, incorporating details and descriptions to achieve specific purposes or facilita...
9.L.GC.2.e
Recognize and use parallel structure within a sentence to create symmetry and convey a congruence of ideas. (C)
9.L.V.1
General, Academic, & Specialized Vocabulary Use expanding vocabulary knowledge to interpret texts and to craft effective...
9.L.V.1.a
Acquire a range of general, academic, disciplinary, technical, and professional vocabulary through grade-level print, di...
9.L.V.1.b
Use grade-level general, academic, disciplinary, technical, and professional vocabulary to communicate clearly and preci...
9.L.V.2
Word Analysis Use word knowledge and word analysis skills to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases and t...
9.L.V.2.a
Deconstruct unknown words or phrases using etymology knowledge, common Greek and Latin roots, root words, and/or affixes...
9.L.V.2.b
Determine the meanings of words and phrases in context by analyzing the function of parts of speech. (I)
9.L.V.2.c
Construct words based on Greek and Latin roots, root words, and/or affixes and use those words appropriately in context....
9.L.V.2.d
Use knowledge of parts of speech to determine precise and effective words and phrases when constructing texts. (C)
9.L.V.3
Meaning & Purpose Analyze and craft nuanced words and phrases in a variety of texts and for a variety of purposes.
9.L.V.3.a
This progression transitions to 9-12.L.V.3.b.
9.L.V.3.b
Analyze relationships between words to determine connotative and denotative meanings for words and/or phrases across a v...
9.L.V.3.c
Analyze the nuances in connotative meaning of words that share a similar denotation. (I)
9.L.V.3.d
Use available print and/or digital resources, including reference materials, style guides, digital tools (e.g., online s...
9.L.V.3.e
Make strategic language decisions when writing or speaking by determining, clarifying, or verifying the nuanced meanings...
9.P.AC.1
Reading like a Writer Interpret texts through the author’s lens by identifying, analyzing, and evaluating craft techniqu...
9.P.AC.1.a
Identify, apply, and analyze the literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements in ...
9.P.AC.1.b
Identify, apply, and analyze important, interesting, or effective uses of language, explaining or evaluating how specifi...
9.P.AC.1.c
Explain, analyze, and evaluate how the author’s use of sentence structure and syntax affects the target audience and sup...
9.P.AC.1.d
Describe, analyze, and evaluate the design and organization of the text, explaining how specific formats, structures, pa...
9.P.AC.2
Writing like a Reader Construct texts with the audience’s experience in mind, basing decisions about craft techniques on...
9.P.AC.2.a
Integrate literary, expository, and opinion (grades K-5) or rhetorical (grades 6-12) elements to appeal to target audien...
9.P.AC.2.b
Craft words and phrases in order to influence the responses, thoughts, decisions, and questions of the target audience a...
9.P.AC.2.c
Make decisions about sentence structure and syntax in order to accommodate and influence the audience and achieve a spec...
9.P.AC.2.d
Organize texts by incorporating specific formats, structures, patterns, and features to influence the audience, facilita...
9.P.AC.3
Text Design Consider the impact of text design on audience and purpose when consuming and producing texts across modes a...
9.P.AC.3.a
Explore and create texts in various modes and genres, developing and applying knowledge of how specific features impact ...
9.P.AC.3.b
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact what kinds of ideas and information are included in texts. (I/C)
9.P.AC.3.c
Apply knowledge of how mode and genre impact how ideas and information are structured and arranged in texts. (I/C)
9.P.AC.3.d
Consume and produce multimodal texts, integrating a variety of genres, text features, and craft techniques to influence ...
9.P.CP.1
Collaboration Collaborate with others to accomplish shared goals and projects.
9.P.CP.1.a
Arrive to group discussions and collaborative meetings prepared to be an active participant in the work. (I/C)
9.P.CP.1.b
Collaborate with others to determine group norms, establish goals and procedures, and facilitate productivity when worki...
9.P.CP.1.c
Contribute to discussions and shared projects by offering ideas, listening to the ideas of others, and providing feedbac...
9.P.CP.1.d
Work with others to discuss topics, investigate questions, solve problems, and explore and create texts. (I/C)
9.P.CP.2
Presentation Use presentation skills to tailor communication to target audiences for specific purposes.
9.P.CP.2.a
Communicate clearly to present ideas, information, and texts. (I/C)
9.P.CP.2.b
Integrate modes and genres most appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
9.P.CP.2.c
Vary tone, pace, and nonverbal gestures as appropriate to purpose and audience. (I/C)
9.P.CP.2.d
Engage in dialogue with audiences by asking and answering questions. (I/C)
9.P.CP.2.e
Build background knowledge by reciting all or part of significant poems and speeches as appropriate by grade level. (I/C...
9.P.EICC.1
Reader & Writer Identity Build an identity as a reader and writer, developing a repertoire of resources and tools to con...
9.P.EICC.1.a
Generate, understand, monitor, and discuss personal and academic reading and writing goals, revising as appropriate. (I/...
9.P.EICC.1.b
Discuss or write about personal and academic reading and writing preferences, referring to specific techniques, topics, ...
9.P.EICC.1.c
Select, read, and write texts of personal interest and academic relevance to grade-level texts and topics. (I/C)
9.P.EICC.1.d
Build a repertoire of comprehension and composition skills, strategies, and techniques, drawing from them as needed to a...
9.P.EICC.1.e
Participate in a community of readers and writers by developing group norms, discussing texts, sharing individual writin...
9.P.EICC.1.f
Develop independence and autonomy as a reader and writer. (I/C)
9.P.EICC.2
Engagement & Intention Engage in written or spoken dialogue as author and audience for a variety of tasks and purposes, ...
9.P.EICC.2.a
Share real or imagined experiences by interpreting and constructing texts that tell or include stories. (I/C)
9.P.EICC.2.b
Make use of texts to build knowledge, develop skills, make informed decisions, and share information and ideas. (I/C)
9.P.EICC.2.c
Explain and learn concepts and processes by interpreting and constructing texts. (I/C)
9.P.EICC.2.d
Interpret and construct texts to aid the analysis and evaluation of texts and ideas. (I/C)
9.P.EICC.2.e
Consume and produce texts in order to solve problems or influence decisions. (I/C)
9.P.EICC.3
Comprehension Strategies Engage with a range of complex texts for a variety of tasks and purposes, accessing and using s...
9.P.EICC.3.a
Establish a purpose and set goals for reading, monitor comprehension, and adjust as needed. (I)
9.P.EICC.3.b
Scan and skim the text, making note of structures and sections that might be most useful. (I)
9.P.EICC.3.c
Draw from, compare, build, and integrate prior knowledge with the material in the text, addressing inconsistencies or ga...
9.P.EICC.3.d
Summarize and visualize sections of the text to maintain understanding. (I)
9.P.EICC.3.e
Make and track predictions about the events and information likely to come next. (I)
9.P.EICC.3.f
Make, track, and support inferences about different levels of meaning within the text. (I)
9.P.EICC.3.g
Determine the meanings of unfamiliar words and concepts by applying knowledge of context and of academic vocabulary and ...
9.P.EICC.4
Writing Processes Compose a range of texts for a variety of purposes and audiences, flexibly engaging in writing process...
9.P.EICC.4.a
Establish a purpose and goals for writing and identify a target audience. (C)
9.P.EICC.4.b
Plan how to organize the text by selecting modes, genres, and structures that will achieve the purpose and meet the need...
9.P.EICC.4.c
Generate ideas for content by assessing prior knowledge, gathering information from texts, and engaging in discussions w...
9.P.EICC.4.d
Link ideas and information to the organization plan, highlighting ideas and information that are most relevant, useful, ...
9.P.EICC.4.e
Construct an initial draft by integrating ideas and information; selecting words, phrases, and sentences; and incorporat...
9.P.EICC.4.f
Evaluate the text’s effectiveness based on self-review or feedback from others, determining whether the text matches the...
9.P.EICC.4.g
Make changes to the text based on self-evaluation or external feedback, revising the organization, ideas, information, w...
9.P.EICC.4.h
Edit the text, ensuring it adheres to the conventions of written language. (C)
9.P.ST.1
Context Develop and apply knowledge of key components of context such as background information, geographic location, cu...
9.P.ST.1.a
Use prior knowledge, formal or informal research, and discussions with others to identify the key components of context ...
9.P.ST.1.b
Consider how context impacts the purposes of the author and the audience. (I/C)
9.P.ST.1.c
Explore how context shapes the author’s decisions and the audience’s responses during the interpretation and constructio...
9.P.ST.2
Author, Audience, & Purpose Interpret and construct texts by developing and applying knowledge of the strategies and tec...
9.P.ST.2.a
Develop and apply knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish the purpose of texts being interpr...
9.P.ST.2.b
Draw from knowledge of author, audience, and context to discern and establish a clear point of view or unique perspectiv...
9.P.ST.2.c
Draw from knowledge of how authors consider context and audience to determine which information and ideas to highlight, ...
9.T.C.1
Purposes & Audiences Analyze the impact of purpose and audience on a wide variety of texts.
9.T.C.1.a
Use knowledge of texts’ distinct disciplinary, personal, or technical purposes to aid comprehension. (I)
9.T.C.1.b
Assess the impact of context and language on a text’s reception by the audience. (I)
9.T.C.1.c
Construct and self-evaluate multimodal texts and/or presentations that serve more than one purpose and target a specific...
9.T.C.2
Authors & Speakers Evaluate how authors’ and/or speakers’ perspectives influence texts and how circumstances shape their...
9.T.C.2.a
Compare and contrast varying perspectives on a particular topic found across a variety of texts, analyzing how texts est...
9.T.C.2.b
Identify the impact of the speaker’s reliability or credibility on the text. (I)
9.T.C.2.c
Determine the reasons for changing attitudes around a topic and how that affects text. (I)
9.T.C.2.d
Synthesize information from a variety of credible sources used to research the answers to questions on academic and indi...
9.T.PM.1
Demonstrate knowledge of dominant themes, genres, and verbal styles of literature from a particular time period.
9.T.PM.1.a
Examine an archetypal story, myth, event, or figure as it is represented in two or more different time periods. (I)
9.T.PM.1.b
Identify and discuss major authors and works of one period of English or American literary history, including key themes...
9.T.RA.1
Research & Inquiry Conduct research, generating questions to guide investigations of complex topics of interest and usin...
9.T.RA.1.a
Generate questions to guide research, make connections between complex topics, explore creative solutions, narrow focus,...
9.T.RA.1.b
Use analytical findings to support a research question or thesis, citing appropriately. (I)
9.T.RA.1.c
Integrate paraphrased, summarized, and quoted material into original texts in various ways for intended purposes that st...
9.T.RA.2
Curating Sources & Evidence Reference parts of texts to address a specific topic or question and explore various sources...
9.T.RA.2.a
Navigate and use a variety of credible print and digital sources, including academic databases, to locate relevant infor...
9.T.RA.2.b
Analyze information from a variety of sources by identifying misconceptions, conflicting information or perspectives, an...
9.T.RA.2.c
Follow Modern Language Association (MLA) guidelines when responding to inferential questions about texts or when integra...
9.T.SS.1
Organization Analyze, evaluate, and use organizational structures and style to shape thoughts across genres.
9.T.SS.1.a
Analyze the effectiveness of a text’s organizational structure to meet the needs and expectations of the target audience...
9.T.SS.1.b
Craft and organize texts using an appropriate structure and features for mode, genre, purpose, and audience. (C)
9.T.SS.1.c
Guide the audience through texts using transitions between ideas and paragraphs to enhance cohesion. (C)
9.T.SS.1.d
Apply knowledge of text structure and organization to create coherent and cohesive texts with an introduction that guide...
9.T.SS.2
Craft Analyze, evaluate, and craft language to produce intended effects in a wide variety of texts.
9.T.SS.2.a
Analyze how the use of figurative, connotative, and/or rhetorical language contributes to the development of meaning, to...
9.T.SS.2.b
Use literary devices, figurative language, rhetorical language, and/or rhetorical appeals to create a variety of effects...
9.T.SS.2.c
Use formal or informal style, as appropriate to audience, purpose, and context. (C)
9.T.T.1
Narrative Techniques Evaluate and apply narrative techniques to enhance text’s appeal to audiences or achieve specific p...
9.T.T.1.a
Describe how narrative techniques (including archetypes, multiple perspectives, plot structure, and symbolism) interact,...
9.T.T.1.b
Analyze how plot structures, conflict, narrative devices, word choice, and other craft techniques are impacted by an aut...
9.T.T.1.c
Analyze how a text’s theme has social relevance and is developed across a text, comparing passages within and across tex...
9.T.T.1.d
Analyze how literary works draw on themes, event patterns, or character types from different time periods. (I)
9.T.T.1.e
Effectively apply a variety of narrative techniques to develop complex character(s) who change, use setting to create mo...
9.T.T.2
Expository Techniques Evaluate and apply expository techniques to enhance text’s appeal to audiences or achieve specific...
9.T.T.2.a
Analyze and evaluate the use and effect of expository techniques and organizational patterns. (I)
9.T.T.2.b
Analyze texts with conflicting information or opposing viewpoints and determine where the texts disagree on matters of f...
9.T.T.2.d
Apply expository techniques to develop a cohesive text, organized in a way that clarifies the relationship between ideas...
9.T.T.3
Argumentative Techniques Evaluate and apply argumentative techniques to enhance text’s appeal to audiences or achieve sp...
9.T.T.3.a
Read, discuss, evaluate, and critique a variety of texts, considering the argumentative techniques used to present and d...
9.T.T.3.b
Recognize and analyze the use of rhetorical appeals (ethos, logos, and pathos) in a variety of texts. (I)
9.T.T.3.c
Apply argumentative techniques strategically to enhance writing and engage audiences. (C)
9.T.T.3.d
Use rhetorical devices and appeals to guide the creation and revision of texts. (C)
9.T.T.4
Poetic Techniques Evaluate and apply poetic techniques to enhance text’s appeal to audiences or achieve specific purpose...
9.T.T.4.a
Read, discuss, evaluate, and critique a variety of poetic texts, considering poetic techniques used to present and desig...
9.T.T.4.b
Apply knowledge of various poetic techniques and conventions to create poetic text for an intended purpose. (C)