Oklahoma Academic Standards for Social Studies (2026)

Each standard below is explained in plain language, with lesson ideas and a free generator that builds a full lesson plan aligned to it. Standard text is verified against oklahoma.gov.

Kindergarten

K.C.1
Understand and demonstrate traits of good citizenship.
K.C.1.1
Describe the importance of being a member of a family, class, and school by explaining the purpose of rules and laws, in...
K.C.1.2
Describe authority figures in the school and community (e.g., principal, police officers) including why they are needed.
K.C.1.3
Identify ways that individuals can be contributory members of the community (e.g., participate in community service proj...
K.C.1.4
Identify the importance of United States of America symbols, such as the Statue of Liberty, which represent common ideal...
K.C.1.5
Identify how the United States of America flag is a symbol of our country and its people, explaining the symbolism of it...
K.C.1.6
Explain the purpose of the Pledge of Allegiance and describe appropriate flag etiquette and how to show respect during t...
K.C.2
Understand the impact of historical events and people.
K.C.2.1
Identify past events that are important to the community (e.g., celebrations or festivals, famous people, founding stori...
K.C.2.2
Explain how we honor people and events of the past, such as holidays, statues, monuments, and the naming of civic buildi...
K.C.2.3
Explain that different types of sources can be used to learn about the past (e.g., photographs, maps, books, artifacts, ...
K.C.2.4
Use words and phrases related to the concept of chronology (e.g., before, after; yesterday, today, tomorrow).
K.C.2.5
Explain how people and the environment change over time, using examples relevant to the student.
K.C.3
Identify and examine the basic concepts of physical and human geography.
K.C.3.1
Ask geographic questions about where places are located and why they are located there (e.g., nearness to natural resour...
K.C.3.2
Explain that a map is a drawing of a place as viewed from above.
K.C.3.3
Construct basic maps of the classroom, school, and neighborhood.
K.C.3.4
Identify basic cardinal directions and terms used to describe relative location.
K.C.3.5
Distinguish between land and water on a map.
K.C.3.6
Explain that the school is part of a larger community within the state of Oklahoma and identify the state of Oklahoma on...
K.C.3.7
Describe what makes one’s community alike or different from other communities by comparing family and community customs ...
K.C.4
Identify basic economic concepts.
K.C.4.1
Differentiate between a need and a want by explaining that a need is necessary for survival while a want is something de...
K.C.4.2
Explain the difference between a good and a service, including how they are used to meet needs and wants.
K.C.4.3
Identify examples of goods used by children, families, and communities (e.g., food, toys, clothing), drawing conclusions...
K.C.4.4
Identify examples of services provided by community members (e.g., medical care, fire protection, law enforcement, milit...
K.C.4.5
Explain the relationship between work and earning money.
K.C.4.6
Identify ways that people use their money, including spending and saving.
K.P.1
Apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.
K.P.1.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real-world problems.
K.P.1.1.A
Describe how people can work together to make decisions in the classroom and school.
K.P.1.1.B
Engage in democratic processes to address authentic, real-world problems in the classroom.
K.P.1.1.C
Identify and discuss local problems and ways in which people are trying to address these problems.
K.P.1.2
Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.
K.P.1.2.A
Collaboratively ask and respond to essential questions of common concerns to the student and community.
K.P.1.2.B
Use supporting questions to help guide learning of specific social studies content.
K.P.1.2.C
Practice critical thinking skills by responding to various levels of open-ended questions.
K.P.1.2.D
With guidance, demonstrate understanding of social studies content through completion of authentic tasks.
K.P.2
Use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.
K.P.2.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibili...
K.P.2.1.A
Identify democratic principles such as equality, fairness, and respect for the law.
K.P.2.1.B
Identify responsibilities of people in authority in school and community settings.
K.P.2.1.C
Describe the purposes of rules in various settings (e.g., family, classroom, school), how rules are made, and consequenc...
K.P.2.2
Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.
K.P.2.2.A
Identify a primary source of information and with support, gather basic information (i.e., author, date, facts).
K.P.2.2.B
Identify points of view and examples relevant to the student’s experiences.
K.P.2.2.C
Explain possible reasons for an event and make simple timelines which reflect cause-effect relationships, with guidance ...
K.P.2.3
Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on th...
K.P.2.3.A
Answer geographic questions using geographic information about the student’s own community.
K.P.2.3.B
Identify and describe the community’s human and physical environment through the use and creation of simple maps and pho...
K.P.2.3.C
Identify how the physical environment impacts our daily lives and affects human activities.
K.P.2.4
Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, na...
K.P.2.4.A
Collaboratively gather simple economic data from graphs.
K.P.2.4.B
Identify needs and wants, including the concept of freedom of choice.
K.P.2.4.C
Identify examples of the goods and services that school and community workers provide.
K.P.3
Engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.
K.P.3.1
Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.
K.P.3.1.A
Locate the topic or main idea and supporting details of a text.
K.P.3.1.B
Use titles and graphic features, including photographs and illustrations, to understand a text.
K.P.3.2
Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspec...
K.P.3.2.A
Identify the author’s purpose, with guidance and support.
K.P.3.2.B
Locate facts that are clearly stated in a text (e.g., who, what, where, when, why, how).
K.P.3.2.C
Ask and answer basic questions and engage in collaborative discussions about appropriate topics in a text.
K.P.4
Develop a variety of evidence-based written products designed for multiple purposes.
K.P.4.1
Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presen...
K.P.4.1.A
Draw, label, dictate, and write an informative product with guidance and support.
K.P.4.1.B
With guidance and support, draw, label, dictate, and write to express an opinion, providing reasons as support.
K.P.4.2
Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.
K.P.4.2.A
With guidance and support, generate a list of topics of interest and questions about social studies.
K.P.4.2.B
Organize information found during group research, using graphic organizers and other aids with guidance and support.
K.P.4.2.C
With guidance and support, deliver a simple presentation to communicate ideas and thoughts.

Grade 1

1.C.1
Analyze their role as a citizen in a community.
1.C.1.1
Identify the basic purposes of our nation’s government and explain how it protects a citizen's rights, while providing f...
1.C.1.2
Describe how people hold the power in our government by electing leaders who make laws.
1.C.1.3
Define the concept of civic duty, identifying characteristics of responsible citizenship (e.g., respect for laws, voting...
1.C.1.4
Describe how citizens within communities work together to accomplish common tasks, using examples relevant to student ex...
1.C.1.5
Explain patriotic traditions that unite citizens.
1.C.1.5.A
Explain the purpose and meaning of The Pledge of Allegiance and the significance of the phrase “under God”.
1.C.1.5.B
Explain the purpose and the meaning of the Salute to the Oklahoma Flag.
1.C.1.5.C
Describe appropriate flag etiquette for both the national and state flags.
1.C.1.5.D
Explain appropriate ways to show respect during the playing of the national anthem, “The Star-Spangled Banner”, by Franc...
1.C.1.5.E
Examine ways citizens can demonstrate patriotism, including military service, honoring veteran cemeteries, and celebrati...
1.C.1.5.F
Explain how we celebrate our nation and its history through patriotic songs (e.g., “My Country ‘tis of Thee”, “God Bless...
1.C.1.6
Using biographies from early United States of America’s history, explain historical examples of patriotism and civic vir...
1.C.1.6.A
Leadership (e.g., Chief Powhatan, Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson)
1.C.1.6.B
Military Service (e.g., John Paul Jones, Nathan Hale)
1.C.1.6.C
Science and Technology (e.g., Benjamin Banneker, Meriwether Lewis, William Clark)
1.C.1.6.D
Public Service (e.g., Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, James Madison).
1.C.1.7
Identify and explain the meaning of the United States of America’s official motto, "In God we trust”.
1.C.2
Examine how we learn from the important events and people of the past.
1.C.2.1
Describe and explain the meaning of important symbols of the United States of America (e.g., Bald Eagle, Liberty Bell) a...
1.C.2.2
Identify primary sources (e.g., letters, photographs, diaries, newspapers, artifacts, official papers) and explain how t...
1.C.2.3
Read and construct basic timelines of related events to demonstrate an understanding of the concept of chronology, as we...
1.C.2.4
Compare ways individuals and groups in the local community and region lived in the past with how they live today (e.g., ...
1.C.2.5
Explain how American Indians lived in environments and communities of their original homelands and thrive in Tribal comm...
1.C.2.6
Explain how citizens from different cultural backgrounds immigrated to the United States of America, and contributed the...
1.C.2.7
Identify stories about people and ideas that influenced the American colonists, the Founders, and American culture.
1.C.2.8
Describe the contributions of people and groups commemorated on federal holidays (e.g., Veterans Day, Presidents’ Day, D...
1.C.3
Demonstrate knowledge of basic geographic concepts.
1.C.3.1
Explain that a globe is a model of the Earth and that maps can be used to represent local places or specific regions of ...
1.C.3.10
Define culture and identify the elements of culture (e.g., language, customs, religion, food, clothing), using examples ...
1.C.3.2
Describe the difference between physical and political maps and how each can be used to inform us about the world.
1.C.3.3
Construct maps of specific places, such as the community and state, and describe the relative location of physical and h...
1.C.3.4
Distinguish between landmasses and bodies of water on a map and globe, identifying the continent of North America and th...
1.C.3.5
Identify cardinal directions and use them to identify specific locations on a map and globe, including the location of t...
1.C.3.6
Identify natural resources (e.g., water, soil, vegetation, minerals) and describe how people use natural resources to me...
1.C.3.7
Identify ways in which people adapt to the world around them (e.g., specific clothing for different climates, storm shel...
1.C.3.8
Identify how the physical environment of the community has been modified to meet specific needs (e.g., agricultural crop...
1.C.3.9
Describe how the physical environment affects occupational and recreational opportunities in the local community and reg...
1.C.4
Describe the characteristics of free enterprise.
1.C.4.1
Explain how citizens are free to make choices about what to buy and that choices are necessary because wants cannot alwa...
1.C.4.2
Differentiate between natural resources and human-made products.
1.C.4.3
Explain how goods are produced from natural resources using human labor, identifying examples of goods and services that...
1.C.4.4
Explain how people are paid for their labor and how some people own their own businesses to earn money.
1.C.4.5
Compare the roles of consumers and producers in the United States of America’s economy and explain how individuals are b...
1.C.4.6
Explain the costs and benefits of spending and saving in order to meet one’s needs and wants.
1.C.4.7
Describe how setting goals and creating a budget help people obtain their needs and wants.
1.C.4.8
Explain how historical American inventors and entrepreneurs used their ideas to help others (e.g., Robert Fulton, Samuel...
1.P.1
Apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.
1.P.1.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real-world problems.
1.P.1.1.A
Describe how people can work together to make decisions in the classroom and school.
1.P.1.1.B
Engage in democratic processes to address authentic, real-world problems in the classroom.
1.P.1.1.C
Identify and discuss local problems and ways in which people are trying to address these problems.
1.P.1.2
Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.
1.P.1.2.A
Collaboratively ask and respond to essential questions of common concerns to the student and community.
1.P.1.2.B
Use supporting questions to help guide learning of specific social studies content.
1.P.1.2.C
Practice critical thinking skills by responding to various levels of open-ended questions.
1.P.1.2.D
With guidance, demonstrate understanding of social studies content through completion of authentic tasks.
1.P.2
Use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.
1.P.2.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibili...
1.P.2.1.A
Identify democratic principles such as equality, fairness, and respect for the law.
1.P.2.1.B
Identify responsibilities of people in authority in school and community settings.
1.P.2.1.C
Describe the purposes of rules in various settings (e.g., family, classroom, school), how rules are made, and consequenc...
1.P.2.2
Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.
1.P.2.2.A
Identify a primary source of information and with support, gather basic information (i.e., author, date, facts).
1.P.2.2.B
Identify points of view and examples relevant to the student’s experiences.
1.P.2.2.C
Explain possible reasons for an event and make simple timelines which reflect cause-effect relationships, with guidance ...
1.P.2.3
Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on th...
1.P.2.3.A
Answer geographic questions using geographic information about the student’s own community.
1.P.2.3.B
Identify and describe the community’s human and physical environment through the use and creation of simple maps and pho...
1.P.2.3.C
Identify how the physical environment impacts our daily lives and affects human activities.
1.P.2.4
Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, na...
1.P.2.4.A
Collaboratively gather simple economic data from graphs.
1.P.2.4.B
Identify needs and wants, including the concept of freedom of choice.
1.P.2.4.C
Identify examples of the goods and services that school and community workers provide.
1.P.3
Engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.
1.P.3.1
Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.
1.P.3.1.A
Locate the topic or main idea and supporting details of a text.
1.P.3.1.B
Use titles and graphic features, including photographs and illustrations, to understand a text.
1.P.3.2
Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspec...
1.P.3.2.A
Identify the author’s purpose, with guidance and support.
1.P.3.2.B
Locate facts that are clearly stated in a text (e.g., who, what, where, when, why, how).
1.P.3.2.C
Ask and answer basic questions and engage in collaborative discussions about appropriate topics in a text.
1.P.4
Develop a variety of evidence-based written products designed for multiple purposes.
1.P.4.1
Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presen...
1.P.4.1.A
Draw, label, dictate, and write an informative product with guidance and support.
1.P.4.1.B
With guidance and support, draw, label, dictate, and write to express an opinion, providing reasons as support.
1.P.4.2
Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.
1.P.4.2.A
With guidance and support, generate a list of topics of interest and questions about social studies.
1.P.4.2.B
Organize information found during group research, using graphic organizers and other aids with guidance and support.
1.P.4.2.C
With guidance and support, create a simple presentation to communicate ideas and thoughts.

Grade 2

2.C.1
Explain the importance of the basic principles that provide the foundation of the United States of America’s system of g...
2.C.1.1
Describe the fundamental principles of our nation’s government, including liberty, equality, fair treatment, and respect...
2.C.1.10
Examine the meaning of the phrase, “E Pluribus Unum” ("Out of many, one") found on the Great Seal of the United States o...
2.C.1.2
Explain and describe how a free people form a government to better protect their lives, property, and freedoms, and how ...
2.C.1.3
Identify the basic roles of national leaders including the President of the United States of America, members of the Uni...
2.C.1.4
Explain that local, state, national, and Tribal governments exist to represent the needs of the people, make and enforce...
2.C.1.5
Explain how American Indian Nations are self-governing people who make decisions through Tribal representatives in order...
2.C.1.6
Explain how individual liberties are protected by the Bill of Rights, using examples from the First Amendment.
2.C.1.7
Explain how active citizens participate in democratic governments by voting to elect officials who represent them and by...
2.C.1.8
Explain how all people can play important and responsible roles in their community through making good choices, obeying ...
2.C.1.9
Describe the responsibility of paying taxes and explain how taxes are used to provide community services (e.g.,schools, ...
2.C.2
Examine the history of significant events and individuals who impacted our nation and the world.
2.C.2.1
Compare perspectives of people in the past to people in the present and explain the importance of considering multiple v...
2.C.2.2
Explain the benefits of using both primary sources (e.g., diaries, documents, photographs, artifacts, oral accounts) and...
2.C.2.3
Explain reasons why past events happened and the changes they created by identifying the cause(s) and describing the eff...
2.C.2.4
Describe why people from various places and cultures have migrated to the United States of America (e.g., improved quali...
2.C.2.5
Identify the contributions of people and groups who have shaped our history and explain how they are honored by federal ...
2.C.2.6
Research biographies of notable Americans who exhibited patriotism and civic virtues by describing how each individual c...
2.C.2.6.A
Leadership (e.g., Abraham Lincoln, Chief Joseph, Rosa Parks, Cesar Chavez)
2.C.2.6.B
Military Service (e.g., Davy Crockett, General Dwight Eisenhower, General Colin Powell)
2.C.2.6.C
Science and Technology (e.g., Orville and Wilbur Wright, Jonas Salk, Amelia Earhart, Neil Armstrong)
2.C.2.6.D
Public Service (e.g., Harriet Tubman, Clara Barton, Theodore Roosevelt, Mary McLeod Bethune).
2.C.2.7
Examine how people from other nations and other times made a difference in their communities around the world (e.g., Cin...
2.C.3
Describe the physical and human characteristics of their environment.
2.C.3.1
Construct and use basic physical and political maps, including a legend and compass rose; explain how symbols are used t...
2.C.3.10
Examine cultural traits of families and communities, understanding that while culture makes us unique all cultures share...
2.C.3.2
Describe the relative location of the student’s community to major metropolitan centers of the state, using cardinal and...
2.C.3.3
Identify basic types of major landforms and bodies of water on physical maps.
2.C.3.4
Construct basic physical maps indicating the continents and oceans of the world.
2.C.3.5
Describe the location of places on a map and globe, using a basic grid system.
2.C.3.6
Ask geographic questions about where places are located and why they are located there.
2.C.3.7
Examine how weather patterns, seasons, climate, and the physical features of a place can affect where and how people liv...
2.C.3.8
Compare the characteristics of land use in urban and rural environments (e.g., agricultural and recreational purposes, m...
2.C.3.9
Explain and describe human interaction with the environment by describing how humans both adapt to (e.g., clothing, hous...
2.C.4
Understand basic economic concepts of a free market.
2.C.4.1
Describe how citizens live and work in a free market where they can make decisions about their work, what they want to p...
2.C.4.2
Explain how goods are produced by using natural resources (e.g., water, soil, wood, coal), human resources (e.g., people...
2.C.4.3
Explain that goods and services can be purchased by consumers using both money and credit.
2.C.4.4
Explain how prices of goods and services are affected by supply and demand, using examples relevant to student experienc...
2.C.4.5
Explain that scarcity is a condition of not being able to have all of the goods and services that a person wants or need...
2.C.4.6
Define trade and explain how trade can lead to interdependence among people and communities.
2.C.4.7
Identify and describe financial institutions in the community, such as banks, as businesses that provide services to hel...
2.C.4.8
Use biographies of American inventors and entrepreneurs, explaining how their ideas and work helped the nation grow (e.g...
2.C.4.9
Examine how inventors from other nations and other times made a difference in the way people live today (e.g., Leonardo ...
2.P.1
Apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.
2.P.1.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real- world problems.
2.P.1.1.A
Explain how people make decisions in a constitutional republic, using examples from their community and state.
2.P.1.1.B
Use democratic processes to consider and propose actions to address authentic, real-world problems in the community and ...
2.P.1.1.C
Describe a range of local and state problems and how communities and local governments are trying to address them.
2.P.1.2
Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.
2.P.1.2.A
Ask and respond to enduring essential questions of common concerns to the community and state.
2.P.1.2.B
Develop responses to supporting questions relevant to specific social studies content knowledge.
2.P.1.2.C
Reinforce critical thinking skills by regularly asking and responding to levels of open-ended questions.
2.P.1.2.D
Demonstrate understanding of social studies content through completion of authentic tasks and assessments.
2.P.2
Use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.
2.P.2.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibili...
2.P.2.1.A
Describe civic virtues and democratic principles such as equality, fairness, and respect for legitimate authority.
2.P.2.1.B
Describe the basic structure of government at the local, state, and Tribal levels, including the importance of citizen p...
2.P.2.1.C
Explain the purposes of laws and government in the community and state, examining the role of elected officials in makin...
2.P.2.2
Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.
2.P.2.2.A
Explain the difference between a primary and secondary source of information; gather basic information (i.e., author, da...
2.P.2.2.B
Define point of view and give examples relevant to the student’s experiences.
2.P.2.2.C
Generate possible reasons for an event and draw conclusions from simple timelines by identifying immediate cause and eff...
2.P.2.3
Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on th...
2.P.2.3.A
Ask and answer geographic questions, using geographic information about the student’s community and state.
2.P.2.3.B
Describe the community and state’s human and physical environment by creating and using maps, graphs, and other geograph...
2.P.2.3.C
Identify and describe how humans modify and adapt to their physical environment, using its natural and human resources.
2.P.2.4
Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, na...
2.P.2.4.A
Gather basic economic data from various types of graphs and charts.
2.P.2.4.B
Describe freedom of choice when determining needs and wants in a free market, including costs and benefits resulting fro...
2.P.2.4.C
Describe examples of the goods and services that local and state governments provide, explaining why people trade.
2.P.3
Engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.
2.P.3.1
Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.
2.P.3.1.A
Summarize the main idea and locate supporting details of a text (e.g., primary and secondary sources).
2.P.3.1.B
Use graphic features of a text (e.g., photographs, titles, headings, subheadings, charts, illustrations, and graphs) to ...
2.P.3.2
Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspec...
2.P.3.2.A
Determine the author’s purpose, including what the author wants to answer, explain, or describe in informational texts.
2.P.3.2.B
Locate facts (e.g., who, what, where, when, why, how) to demonstrate an understanding of key details in a text.
2.P.3.2.C
Ask and answer questions to clarify information and engage in collaborative discussions about appropriate topics in soci...
2.P.4
Develop a variety of evidence-based written products designed for multiple purposes.
2.P.4.1
Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presen...
2.P.4.1.A
Compose informative written products, focusing on the facts about a topic, including a main idea with supporting details...
2.P.4.1.B
Express an opinion about a topic by composing a written product and providing logical reasons as support.
2.P.4.2
Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.
2.P.4.2.A
Generate a list of topics of interest and individual questions about a specific topic in social studies.
2.P.4.2.B
Organize information found during group or individual research, using graphic organizers or other aids.
2.P.4.2.C
Create a simple presentation to communicate ideas and thoughts gathered from research.

Grade 3

3.C.1
Analyze the purpose of government and traits of responsible citizens.
3.C.1.1
Read and describe the principle of a constitutional republic as government by the people.
3.C.1.1.A
Explain how representatives of the people make and carry out laws in our communities, state, and nation.
3.C.1.1.B
Explain that the Constitution of the United States of America and the Oklahoma Constitution are written plans for organi...
3.C.1.1.C
Describe the structure of Oklahoma’s government, including the role of major elected and appointed leaders in each of it...
3.C.1.1.D
Identify basic responsibilities of state and local governments (e.g., public safety, education, public works) and explai...
3.C.1.1.E
Read and explain how the Preamble to the Oklahoma Constitution reflects the power of the people and their reliance on sp...
3.C.1.2
Describe how American Indian Tribal governments are also based upon written constitutions and exercise the right to gove...
3.C.1.3
Explain how Oklahomans are united through our heritage, state symbols, and special commemorations that reflect common id...
3.C.1.3.A
Describe the significance of symbols represented on the State Seal and Oklahoma Flag, explaining how the name of Oklahom...
3.C.1.3.B
Explain how Tribal people and their governments are represented by flags and seals, reflecting the unique culture, histo...
3.C.1.3.C
Examine the significance of community, state, and federal holidays.
3.C.1.3.D
Identify and explain the meaning of the Oklahoma motto, “Labor omnia vincit,” reflecting the importance of hard work and...
3.C.1.3.E
Explain how Oklahomans exhibit the “Oklahoma Standard” when they unite as neighbors during difficult times, including re...
3.C.1.4
Define the concepts of civic virtue and examine the responsibilities of citizens.
3.C.1.4.A
Examine why civility, cooperation, self-reliance, and respect for the law are important civic traits that support our co...
3.C.1.4.B
Explain the importance of voting in elections and running for public office to the preservation of a constitutional repu...
3.C.1.4.C
Describe how citizens can serve their community through jury duty and community service.
3.C.1.4.D
Explain how military service is one of many ways that Oklahomans express their patriotism and sense of duty, exemplified...
3.C.2
Examine Oklahoma’s geography and how people of Oklahoma interact with their environment.
3.C.2.1
Use maps, graphs, photographs, charts, and geographic technology to organize information about people, places, and envir...
3.C.2.2
Examine Oklahoma’s political and physical features using physical and political maps.
3.C.2.2.A
Explain the relative location of the student’s school and the state of Oklahoma to surrounding states and major physical...
3.C.2.2.B
Distinguish between relative location and absolute location (latitude and longitude) to describe the location of Oklahom...
3.C.2.2.C
Interpret thematic maps of Oklahoma using essential map elements (e.g., title, legend, scale, compass rose) to examine g...
3.C.2.2.D
Use both political and physical maps to identify Oklahoma’s major landforms, bodies of water, and major metropolitan cen...
3.C.2.2.E
Describe the state’s climate and various natural vegetation zones, explaining how climate can affect natural vegetation ...
3.C.2.3
Describe ways early inhabitants of present-day Oklahoma satisfied their basic needs and wants by interacting with the en...
3.C.2.3.A
Explain that people both adapt to and modify their environment in order to meet their basic needs and wants.
3.C.2.3.B
Describe how the environment contains natural resources used by humans and identify the characteristics of renewable ver...
3.C.2.3.C
Identify the ways in which physical geography influenced early American Indian cultures of the region (e.g., bison hunti...
3.C.2.3.D
Describe how early settlers to the region adapted to and modified their environment (e.g., sod houses, windmills, irriga...
3.C.2.4
Examine how Oklahomans continue to adapt and modify their environments to meet their needs.
3.C.2.4.A
Summarize how weather events, such as floods and tornadoes, impact the people and economy of Oklahoma.
3.C.2.4.B
Explain how Oklahomans changed their environments to support development of the state (e.g., recreational lakes, hydroel...
3.C.2.4.C
Examine the concepts of scarcity and surplus of natural resources and describe the role of citizens in conserving the st...
3.C.3
Analyze the significant historical events and people contributing to the development of Oklahoma.
3.C.3.1
Examine the state’s earliest peoples and the significance of their interactions.
3.C.3.1.A
Describe the cause-effect relationship between historic events by creating basic timelines and drawing basic conclusions...
3.C.3.1.B
Describe how prior to European exploration of the region, American Indian cultures (e.g., Moundbuilders, Wichita, Caddo)...
3.C.3.1.C
Examine reasons for early explorations (e.g., Coronado, Washington Irving, George Catlin) into present-day Oklahoma and ...
3.C.3.1.D
Describe the experiences of forced removals and relocation of American Indians to Indian Territory, explaining significa...
3.C.3.1.E
Explain that today Oklahoma is the home to thirty-nine American Indian Nations with unique traditions and ways of life, ...
3.C.3.2
Describe the development of the state and its resources.
3.C.3.2.A
Explain the importance of the cattle industry to the early economy, including the influence of Hispanic ranching traditi...
3.C.3.2.B
Describe continued migration by various newcomers to the region, such as the Boomer Movement, identifying different poin...
3.C.3.2.C
Explain how many African Americans migrated to Oklahoma, considering it an opportunity where farming communities, busine...
3.C.3.2.D
Describe the commemoration of Statehood Day, November 16, as the joining of Indian and Oklahoma Territories and admissio...
3.C.3.2.E
Describe challenges faced by citizens during the Dust Bowl, focusing on how Oklahomans adapted to harsh environmental co...
3.C.3.2.F
Identify when and under what circumstances the student’s community was founded and describe the different groups of peop...
3.C.3.3
Describe how individuals have contributed to the development of Oklahoma by describing the achievements of notable citiz...
3.C.3.3.A
Science and Medicine (e.g., Shannon Lucid, Thomas Stafford, Dr. Nazih Zuhdi)
3.C.3.3.B
Technology (e.g., Sequoyah, Wiley Post)
3.C.3.3.C
the Arts (e.g., Maria Tallchief, The Kiowa Six, Will Rogers, Woody Guthrie, Enoch Kelly Haney)
3.C.3.3.D
Politics (e.g., Standing Bear, Clara Luper, Carl Albert, Wilma Mankiller)
3.C.3.3.E
Sports (e.g., Bill Pickett, Jim Thorpe, Mickey Mantle, Shannon Miller).
3.C.4
Identify and describe basic economic activities creating prosperity for the state.
3.C.4.1
Describe the features of a market economic system.
3.C.4.1.A
Explain how citizens make their own decisions about what goods or services are produced, and what is purchased, using ex...
3.C.4.1.B
Describe how the laws of supply and demand impact people's choices about producing and consuming goods and services.
3.C.4.2
Examine how entrepreneurs have contributed to the state’s economy.
3.C.4.2.A
Explain how labor (human effort), land (natural resources), and capital (tools, machinery, technology) are used to produ...
3.C.4.2.B
Describe how notable Oklahoma entrepreneurs (e.g., Gordon and May Lillie, O.W. Gurley, Frank Philips, Tom and Judy Love,...
3.C.4.3
Describe the importance of Oklahoma’s goods and services to the state’s economic growth.
3.C.4.3.A
Explain how Oklahoma’s oil and gas discoveries (e.g., the Glenn Pool and Oklahoma City Oil Field), affected the economic...
3.C.4.3.B
Examine how the development of recent economic activities has contributed to the state’s economy, identifying examples o...
3.C.4.3.C
Describe how the state’s economy is connected to national and international trade by identifying major exports originati...
3.P.1
Apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.
3.P.1.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real- world problems.
3.P.1.1.A
Explain how people make decisions in a constitutional republic, using examples from their community and state.
3.P.1.1.B
Use democratic processes to consider and propose actions to address authentic, real-world problems in the community and ...
3.P.1.1.C
Describe a range of local and state problems and how communities and local governments are trying to address them.
3.P.1.2
Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.
3.P.1.2.A
Ask and respond to enduring essential questions of common concerns to the community and state.
3.P.1.2.B
Develop responses to supporting questions relevant to specific social studies content knowledge.
3.P.1.2.C
Reinforce critical thinking skills by regularly asking and responding to levels of open-ended questions.
3.P.1.2.D
Demonstrate understanding of social studies content through completion of authentic tasks and assessments.
3.P.2
Use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.
3.P.2.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibili...
3.P.2.1.A
Describe civic virtues and democratic principles such as equality, fairness, and respect for legitimate authority.
3.P.2.1.B
Describe the basic structure of government at the local, state, and Tribal levels, including the importance of citizen p...
3.P.2.1.C
Explain the purposes of laws and government in the community and state, examining the role of elected officials in makin...
3.P.2.2
Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.
3.P.2.2.A
Explain the difference between a primary and secondary source of information; gather basic information (i.e., author, da...
3.P.2.2.B
Define point of view and give examples relevant to the student’s experiences.
3.P.2.2.C
Generate possible reasons for an event and draw conclusions from simple timelines by identifying immediate cause and eff...
3.P.2.3
Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on th...
3.P.2.3.A
Ask and answer geographic questions, using geographic information about the student’s community and state.
3.P.2.3.B
Describe the community and state’s human and physical environment by creating and using maps, graphs, and other geograph...
3.P.2.3.C
Identify and describe how humans modify and adapt to their physical environment, using its natural and human resources.
3.P.2.4
Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, na...
3.P.2.4.A
Gather basic economic data from various types of graphs and charts.
3.P.2.4.B
Describe freedom of choice when determining needs and wants in a free market, including costs and benefits resulting fro...
3.P.2.4.C
Describe examples of the goods and services that local and state governments provide, explaining why people trade.
3.P.3
Engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.
3.P.3.1
Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.
3.P.3.1.A
Summarize the main idea and locate supporting details of a text (e.g., primary and secondary sources).
3.P.3.1.B
Use graphic features of a text (e.g., photographs, titles, headings, subheadings, charts, illustrations, and graphs) to ...
3.P.3.2
Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspec...
3.P.3.2.A
Determine the author’s purpose, including what the author wants to answer, explain, or describe in informational texts.
3.P.3.2.B
Locate facts (e.g., who, what, where, when, why, how) to demonstrate an understanding of key details in a text.
3.P.3.2.C
Ask and answer questions to clarify information and engage in collaborative discussions about appropriate topics in soci...
3.P.4
Develop a variety of evidence-based written products designed for multiple purposes.
3.P.4.1
Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presen...
3.P.4.1.A
Compose informative written products, focusing on the facts about a topic, including a main idea with supporting details...
3.P.4.1.B
Express an opinion about a topic by composing a written product and providing logical reasons as support.
3.P.4.2
Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.
3.P.4.2.A
Generate a list of topics of interest and individual questions about a specific topic in social studies.
3.P.4.2.B
Organize information found during group or individual research, using graphic organizers or other aids.
3.P.4.2.C
Create a simple presentation to communicate ideas and thoughts gathered from research.

Grade 4

4.C.1
Explain the principles of democratic government and the role of citizens.
4.C.1.1
Describe the principles of democratic governments, such as the United States of America.
4.C.1.1.A
Identify the principles upon which our nation’s government is based, including the rule of law, compromise, equality, an...
4.C.1.1.B
Examine the responsibility of the United States of America’s government as it relates to the promotion of the common goo...
4.C.1.1.C
Explain why the United States of America is considered a constitutional republic by identifying the people as the source...
4.C.1.1.D
Explain how the Constitution of the United States of America is a written plan for establishing the shared powers of gov...
4.C.1.1.E
Explain basic principles expressed in the Declaration of Independence.
4.C.1.2
Analyze the historical development of American Indian citizenship and constitutional rights in the United States of Amer...
4.C.1.3
Explain the concept of civic virtue and responsibilities of citizenship.
4.C.1.3.A
Examine why citizens are expected to respect the law and institutions of authority.
4.C.1.3.B
Analyze how fulfilling one’s civic responsibilities (e.g., voting, jury and military service, paying taxes) is necessary...
4.C.1.3.C
Describe how our nation’s constitutional republic relies on civil discourse, thoughtful decision-making, and compromise ...
4.C.1.3.D
Explain how citizens can contribute to the betterment of their communities through public service, charitable donations,...
4.C.1.3.E
Summarize ways in which citizens are stewards of the nation’s environment by examining how natural resources can be mana...
4.C.2
Apply the tools and concepts of geography to examine the physical and human geography of the United States of America.
4.C.2.1
Use geographic tools to acquire and process information from a spatial perspective.
4.C.2.1.A
Use and describe various elements of maps (e.g., key/legend, scale, cardinal and intermediate directions) to examine the...
4.C.2.1.B
Use maps and other geographic representations (e.g., globes, charts, graphs) and geographic technologies to draw conclus...
4.C.2.1.C
Use the system of latitude and longitude to identify the absolute location of physical and human features of the United ...
4.C.2.1.D
Interpret aerial photographs, satellite images, and thematic maps to locate and identify physical and human features of ...
4.C.2.1.E
Analyze the human and physical characteristics of the United States of America using the Five Themes of Geography (locat...
4.C.2.2
Identify major physical regions of the United States of America and their unique features.
4.C.2.2.A
Identify the location and the physical characteristics of the major landforms and bodies of water in the United States o...
4.C.2.2.B
Describe the location of major climate zones (tropical, temperate, continental, polar) explaining how climate affects na...
4.C.2.2.C
Draw conclusions from geographic data to explain how climate, vegetation, and bodies of water can affect the location an...
4.C.2.3
Analyze the human characteristics of the United States of America.
4.C.2.3.A
Identify and locate on a political map the fifty states, the nation’s capital and its most populated cities.
4.C.2.3.B
Explain how the United States of America is home to people from different places and from many backgrounds.
4.C.2.3.C
Examine motives for human migration by identifying basic push and pull factors (e.g., pull factors: economic opportunity...
4.C.2.4
Examine the concept of culture, including the distribution and complexity of major cultural groups of the United States ...
4.C.2.4.A
Identify the characteristics of culture (e.g., language, customs, religious beliefs, food, clothing, shelter) and compar...
4.C.2.4.B
Explain how culture can affect the ways in which people live and how culture can change over time through cultural diffu...
4.C.2.5
Analyze how humans interact with their environments in order to meet their needs and wants.
4.C.2.5.A
Explain how humans adapt to the physical environment (e.g., food, shelter, earning a living) by identifying historical a...
4.C.2.5.B
Describe how humans modify the environment to meet their needs (e.g., clearing of forests, crop rotation and irrigation,...
4.C.2.5.C
Identify major projects in which Americans have modified the environment for the development of regions (e.g., Mississip...
4.C.2.5.D
Identify ways in which economic activities can affect ecosystems (e.g., clearing forests,draining wetlands, diverting wa...
4.C.3
Analyze how geography has impacted cultures and interactions during the early history of our nation.
4.C.3.1
Examine the various American Indian cultures inhabiting the nation prior to European explorations.
4.C.3.1.A
Explain that North America is the home to well-developed societies and cultures (e.g., Inuit, Puebloan, Mississippian, H...
4.C.3.1.B
Describe American Indian groups and compare cultural characteristics (e.g., use of natural resources, food, shelter, cus...
4.C.3.1.C
Explain how museums, national parks, and heritage centers attempt to preserve American Indian cultural heritage (e.g., M...
4.C.3.2
Summarize the goals and consequences of European expeditions of North America.
4.C.3.2.A
Explain how Spain, France, and England were motivated to explore the continent by a desire to expand their wealth and cu...
4.C.3.2.B
Trace and describe the impact of significant European expeditions (e.g., England: Henry Hudson; France: Jacques Cartier;...
4.C.3.2.C
Explain interactions between American Indians, Spanish explorations, French fur traders, and early European settlers, co...
4.C.3.2.D
Evaluate the mutual benefits and consequences of the Columbian Exchange, including agriculture, trade, military alliance...
4.C.4
Examine the United States of America’s economic system and its economic activities which support human development.
4.C.4.1
Describe the features of a market economy and evaluate common benefits and tradeoffs.
4.C.4.1.A
Define a market economic system, explaining how the United States of America’s market system encourages free enterprise,...
4.C.4.1.B
Describe how production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services are economic decisions made by producers an...
4.C.4.1.C
Compare the factors of production (e.g., labor, land, capital, entrepreneurship) and explain how they are used together ...
4.C.4.2
Describe how economic activities impact the nation’s economy.
4.C.4.2.A
Identify the major economic activities in which people of each region work to satisfy their needs and wants (e.g., comme...
4.C.4.2.B
Distinguish between renewable (e.g., water, soil, solar) and nonrenewable resources (e.g., fossil fuels: oil, natural ga...
4.C.4.2.C
Describe the relative location and importance of natural resources which support human development in each region (e.g.,...
4.C.4.3
Describe the patterns and networks of economic interdependence among regions and the world.
4.C.4.3.A
Explain how transportation routes connect economic regions and support economic growth (e.g., St. Lawrence Seaway, Trans...
4.C.4.3.B
Describe reasons why people and nations trade, providing examples of major imports and exports produced and consumed by ...
4.P.1
Apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.
4.P.1.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real- world problems.
4.P.1.1.A
Explain how human experiences can shape a person’s point of view about civic issues.
4.P.1.1.B
Use a range of democratic procedures to discuss and make decisions about real-world problems in the community, region, a...
4.P.1.1.C
Explain challenges of the past and present and describe strategies used to address local, regional, or national problems...
4.P.1.2
Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.
4.P.1.2.A
Ask and examine essential questions that are important to others, as well as enduring across social studies topics.
4.P.1.2.B
Compare points of agreement from reliable information used to answer supporting questions related to social studies cont...
4.P.1.2.C
Demonstrate critical thinking skills by frequently developing and answering various depth of knowledge questions.
4.P.1.2.D
Reinforce understanding of social studies content through collaborative inquiries and the completion of authentic tasks ...
4.P.2
Use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.
4.P.2.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibili...
4.P.2.1.A
Explain democratic principles in historic documents by identifying examples of civic virtues and principles at work in s...
4.P.2.1.B
Explain the structure, responsibilities, and powers exercised by officials of the national government and describe ways ...
4.P.2.1.C
Examine the principles of the Constitution of the United States of America, including how laws are made in a democratic ...
4.P.2.2
Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.
4.P.2.2.A
Compare and analyze primary and secondary sources from the past and present, including the intended audience and author’...
4.P.2.2.B
Compare perspectives of individuals and groups from different regions and experiences, including the past and present.
4.P.2.2.C
Explain multiple causes and effects of events and developments of the past or present; create timelines to identify mult...
4.P.2.3
Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on th...
4.P.2.3.A
Answer geographic questions by organizing geographic information from historical as well as contemporary perspectives.
4.P.2.3.B
Analyze human and physical features of the nation by drawing conclusions and explaining spatial relationships of physica...
4.P.2.3.C
Explain how environmental factors affected historical events and continue to impact contemporary human activities.
4.P.2.4
Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, na...
4.P.2.4.A
Interpret and draw conclusions from economic data on charts and graphs.
4.P.2.4.B
Explain how the concept of supply and demand operates in a market economy, using historical and contemporary examples.
4.P.2.4.C
Analyze the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship in a market economy.
4.P.3
Engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.
4.P.3.1
Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.
4.P.3.1.A
Use information accurately from a text when explaining the text explicitly and when drawing inferences from the text.
4.P.3.1.B
Use information from multiple print or digital sources (e.g., timelines, maps, graphs, political cartoons, images, artwo...
4.P.3.2
Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspec...
4.P.3.2.A
Determine an author’s purpose and draw conclusions to evaluate how well the author’s purpose was achieved.
4.P.3.2.B
Distinguish fact from opinion in nonfiction text and investigate facts for accuracy.
4.P.3.2.C
Engage in collaborative discussions about appropriate topics and texts, expressing ideas clearly to others in group and ...
4.P.4
Develop a variety of evidence-based written products designed for multiple purposes.
4.P.4.1
Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presen...
4.P.4.1.A
Compose informative written products by introducing and developing a topic, supported by evidence (e.g. facts, examples,...
4.P.4.1.B
Clearly state an opinion through written products, supported by examples, details, and reasoning.
4.P.4.2
Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.
4.P.4.2.A
Formulate a viable research question related to expanding knowledge of social studies concepts.
4.P.4.2.B
Organize information from research, quoting accurately from the source and avoiding plagiarism.
4.P.4.2.C
Create presentations or products which summarize research findings from two or more sources.

Grade 5

5.C.1
Examine and compare the Jamestown and Plymouth settlements as the foundations of American culture and society.
5.C.1.1
Describe the region prior to English settlement as the home to established and self-governing Native societies represent...
5.C.1.10
Describe the contact and exchange between colonists and Native peoples by explaining
5.C.1.10.A
how American Indian knowledge of the environment, agricultural practices (e.g., three sisters), and hunting skills contr...
5.C.1.10.B
early alliances with the Wampanoag under the leadership of Ousamequin (Massasoit) and the importance of Tisquantum (Squa...
5.C.1.10.C
how contact between cultures led at times to misunderstandings and conflict.
5.C.1.2
Summarize the economic, political, and cultural reasons for European colonization of North America, including competitio...
5.C.1.3
Explain England’s goals for the settlement of Virginia, including attempts to stake claim on North America at Roanoke an...
5.C.1.4
Explain the personal, economic, and political forces driving labor migration to Virginia, including immigration, indentu...
5.C.1.5
Analyze the early successes and challenges of Jamestown, by explaining the
5.C.1.5.A
leadership and diplomacy of Captain John Smith
5.C.1.5.B
challenges of the Starving Time and the value of Powhatan trade to sustain the colony
5.C.1.5.C
export of natural resources and John Rolfe’s development of tobacco as a cash crop
5.C.1.5.D
deteriorating relationships with the Powhatan, characterized by differing views on land ownership.
5.C.1.6
Explain the English commitment to the permanent settlement at Jamestown as evidenced through an elected representative g...
5.C.1.7
Describe the importance of freedom from religious persecution that motivated immigration by Pilgrims (separatists) to Pl...
5.C.1.8
Explain the early successes and challenges for Pilgrims of the Plymouth settlement including the
5.C.1.8.A
adaptation to an unfamiliar and harsh environment
5.C.1.8.B
practice of self-government established by the Mayflower Compact
5.C.1.8.C
leadership of William Bradford.
5.C.1.9
Explain the founding and development of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, including
5.C.1.9.A
a stable government influenced by Puritan religious beliefs
5.C.1.9.B
self-government through town meetings
5.C.1.9.C
governors elected by freemen
5.C.1.9.D
protection of individual rights established in the Massachusetts Body of Liberties.
5.C.1.9.E
leadership of John Winthrop and his vision of a “city upon a hill.”
5.C.2
Compare the developments of the New England Colonies, the Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies.
5.C.2.1
Explain how settlements in other colonies were influenced by a desire for religious freedom, economic opportunity, and s...
5.C.2.1.A
Roger Williams’ advocacy for religious freedom and his founding of the Providence Plantation
5.C.2.1.B
Anne Hutchinson’s opposition to Puritan restrictions on religious freedom C William Penn’s establishment of a haven for ...
5.C.2.1.D
Thomas Hooker’s influence in formulating the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
5.C.2.1.E
George Calvert’s (First Baron of Baltimore) creation of a refuge for persecuted Catholics in Maryland
5.C.2.1.F
James Oglethorpe’s recruitment of England’s impoverished and religious minorities to Georgia.
5.C.2.2
Compare the economic development of the three colonial regions including
5.C.2.2.A
agricultural exports as affected by climate, physical features, and natural resources
5.C.2.2.B
a labor system utilizing indentured servants in various occupations
5.C.2.2.C
a growing reliance on enslaved labor considered essential to the plantation system.
5.C.2.3
Explain the economic and cultural interactions resulting from the triangular trade routes, including the forced migratio...
5.C.2.4
Analyze the forms of self-government in the colonies.
5.C.2.4.A
Explain how English traditions of limited government (Parliament’s relationship to the monarchy) and ethical traditions ...
5.C.2.4.B
Describe how representative government was established through various institutions (e.g., New England town hall meeting...
5.C.2.4.C
Examine early discussions on intercolonial cooperation exemplified by the Albany Plan of Union and Benjamin Franklin's “...
5.C.2.4.D
Evaluate the influence of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy on colonial attempts to unite.
5.C.2.5
Analyze the evolving relationship between American Indians and the British colonists by describing how
5.C.2.5.A
although colonists and American Indians benefited from trade, disputes erupted over territorial claims.
5.C.2.5.B
armed conflicts devastated both British settlements and Tribal communities.
5.C.2.6
Compare the experiences of both free and enslaved persons in the British colonies, including resistance efforts by ensla...
5.C.3
Analyze the series of events and policies which led colonists to seek and declare independence.
5.C.3.1
Analyze how growing political and economic tensions led to dissent among colonists by explaining
5.C.3.1.A
the enforcement of trade restrictions and tax collection by England in response to its debt from the French and Indian W...
5.C.3.1.B
resentment over the Proclamation of 1763 and its restriction of western settlement.
5.C.3.2
Identify the primary cause of the American Revolution as a colonial struggle for self-rule.
5.C.3.2.A
Describe the impact of the Stamp Act and Quartering Act which prompted formation of the Stamp Act Congress.
5.C.3.2.B
Compare different strategies used to challenge British policies , including the use of propaganda and the boycott of Bri...
5.C.3.2.C
Explain how the enactment of the Townshend Duties and the Tea Act led to escalated tensions, such as the Boston Massacre...
5.C.3.2.D
Describe how the passage of the Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts) prompted the colonists to unite at the First Continenta...
5.C.3.3
Explain efforts to mobilize support for the American Revolution.
5.C.3.3.A
Compare the role of the Sons of Liberty, the Committees of Correspondence, and the Minutemen.
5.C.3.3.B
Describe how the British raids and armed encounters at Lexington and Concord became catalysts for the revolution.
5.C.3.3.C
Explain how Thomas Paine’s Common Sense shifted American sentiment toward independence.
5.C.3.3.D
Describe the significance of the rallying cry, “no taxation without representation.”
5.C.3.4
Explain the meaning of the key ideals expressed in the Declaration of Independence, drafted by Thomas Jefferson and the ...
5.C.3.4.A
natural, unalienable rights, such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
5.C.3.4.B
the equality of all individuals
5.C.3.4.C
the purpose of government
5.C.3.4.D
the principle of self-rule by consent of the governed
5.C.3.4.E
specific colonial grievances and rights as British citizens.
5.C.4
Examine the struggles of the Revolutionary War and ultimate victory to gain independence.
5.C.4.1
Explain how the colonists were divided toward the growing call for independence by identifying various points of view an...
5.C.4.2
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of the British and the American colonies during the Revolutionary War, includin...
5.C.4.3
Examine the first United States of America centralized system of government under the Continental Congress and establish...
5.C.4.3.A
Identify the Articles of Confederation as a loose alliance of states.
5.C.4.3.B
Explain the importance of the Articles of Confederation to wage a war and conduct foreign diplomacy.
5.C.4.4
Analyze the relationships of significant military and diplomatic events of the Revolutionary War.
5.C.4.4.A
Explain how the Battle of Bunker Hill, although a Patriot loss, confirmed colonial commitment to the patriot cause.
5.C.4.4.B
Describe the Continental Army’s victory at Trenton, exemplified by Washington’s military leadership against professional...
5.C.4.4.C
Explain that the Battles of Saratoga are considered a turning point with regards to securing French support for the revo...
5.C.4.4.D
Describe the harsh conditions at the Valley Forge Encampment and how Washington’s leadership created a cohesive, discipl...
5.C.4.4.E
Explain the significance of Thomas Paine’s The Crisis in bolstering patriot morale among the public and the military.
5.C.4.4.F
Describe how the support of the French army and navy helped Americans defeat Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown.
5.C.4.4.G
Summarize the significance of the Treaty of Paris (1783) on the United States of America’s status as a free nation.
5.C.4.5
Identify the contributions of key individuals influential to the American Revolution in the fields of
5.C.4.5.A
patriot leadership (e.g., Samuel Adams, Benjamin Rush, Paul Revere)
5.C.4.5.B
politics and diplomacy (e.g., Patrick Henry, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Nancy Ward “Nanyehi”)
5.C.4.5.C
military service (e.g., Nathan Hale, John Paul Jones, Daniel Morgan, Ethan Allen, Nathanael Greene, Benedict Arnold, Mar...
5.C.4.5.D
Native alliances (e.g., Stockbridge Indian regiment of Minutemen, Oneida scouts)
5.C.4.5.E
ideological writing (e.g., Thomas Paine, Mercy Otis Warren, Phillis Wheatley).
5.C.5
Examine the formation of the United States of America’s system of government following the American Revolution.
5.C.5.1
Evaluate the major issues that led to the Constitutional Convention, including the public alarm raised from Shays’ Rebel...
5.C.5.2
Identify the role of leaders of the Constitutional Convention, including its president George Washington and the influen...
5.C.5.3
Read, discuss, and explain the Declaration of Independence and how it has shaped the United States of America. Explain t...
5.C.5.3.A
the goals of a stronger union with respect to commerce and political stability
5.C.5.3.B
state representation in Congress, presented by opposing Virginia and New Jersey Plans, and resolved by the Great Comprom...
5.C.5.3.C
congressional representation resolved by the Three-Fifths Compromise and the potential for a future ban of the internati...
5.C.5.4
Describe the public debates over the Constitution’s ratification, comparing the viewpoints of the Federalists, led by Ja...
5.C.6
Describe the structure and responsibilities of the United States of America’s system of government and the role of the i...
5.C.6.1
Explain that the United States of America’s government was established through a written Constitution, establishing the ...
5.C.6.1.A
Examine the Preamble of the Constitution of the United States of America and identify the major purposes of government.
5.C.6.1.B
Explain how the people are the ultimate source of government power in a constitutional republic..
5.C.6.2
Summarize the rights and liberties protected by the Bill of Rights.
5.C.6.2.A
Draw connections to colonial conditions which prompted the adoption of particular amendments.
5.C.6.2.B
Identify contemporary examples of rights, liberties, and due process protections guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.
5.C.6.3
Analyze the structure and operations of government established in the Constitution of the United States of America.
5.C.6.3.A
Explain why the Framers separated government’s powers into different branches, identify the three branches of the United...
5.C.6.3.B
Describe the system of checks and balances, explaining how each branch of government can limit the power of other branch...
5.C.6.3.C
Examine the system of shared powers (federalism) between the federal and state levels of governments, explaining why the...
5.C.6.3.D
Explain how the Constitution of the United States of America establishes a process for making laws, including specific r...
5.C.6.4
Analyze the historical development of American Indian Citizenship and constitutional rights in the United States of Amer...
5.C.6.4.A
Describe how the Commerce Clause of the Constitution establishes a nation-to-nation relationship between the United Stat...
5.C.6.4.B
Explain that Tribal governments possess powers, including the authority to determine Tribal citizenship, make and enforc...
5.C.6.5
Analyze the role and responsibilities of all United States of America citizens by explaining
5.C.6.5.A
why voting in public elections is necessary to maintain a constitutional republic
5.C.6.5.B
how becoming informed voters contributes to wise decisions
5.C.6.5.C
how citizens exchange ideas through peaceful protest and civil discourse
5.C.6.5.D
that service on a trial jury promotes fair justice for all citizens
5.C.6.5.E
why payment of taxes is required to support projects for the common good
5.C.6.5.F
that safety and order rely on respect for authority and laws
5.C.6.5.G
how registration for military service ensures the nation is prepared to defend itself.
5.C.7
Summarize the growth of a new nation under the leadership of Presidents Washington, Adams, and Jefferson.
5.C.7.1
Describe the presidential leadership of George Washington, including the
5.C.7.1.A
creation of cabinet positions
5.C.7.1.B
precedent of not seeking a third term
5.C.7.1.C
read and discuss his Farewell Address.
5.C.7.2
Identify the significant work of President John Adams, which
5.C.7.2.A
ensured the new nation's ability to defend itself by strengthening the army and navy
5.C.7.2.B
left a legacy of cautious foreign policy based on national interest.
5.C.7.3
Explain the impact of President Thomas Jefferson’s presidency, including
5.C.7.3.A
the purchase of Louisiana Territory and its effect on westward expansion
5.C.7.3.B
geographic and scientific knowledge gained from the Meriwether Lewis and William Clark expedition
5.C.7.3.C
efforts to enter and maintain treaties with American Indian Nations.
5.P.1
Apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.
5.P.1.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real- world problems.
5.P.1.1.A
Explain how human experiences can shape a person’s point of view about civic issues.
5.P.1.1.B
Use a range of democratic procedures to discuss and make decisions about real-world problems in the community, region, a...
5.P.1.1.C
Explain challenges of the past and present and describe strategies used to address local, regional, or national problems...
5.P.1.2
Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.
5.P.1.2.A
Ask and examine essential questions that are important to others, as well as enduring across social studies topics.
5.P.1.2.B
Compare points of agreement from reliable information used to answer supporting questions related to social studies cont...
5.P.1.2.C
Demonstrate critical thinking skills by frequently developing and answering various depth of knowledge questions.
5.P.1.2.D
Reinforce understanding of social studies content through collaborative inquiries and the completion of authentic tasks ...
5.P.2
Use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.
5.P.2.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibili...
5.P.2.1.A
Explain democratic principles in historic documents by identifying examples of civic virtues and principles at work in s...
5.P.2.1.B
Explain the structure, responsibilities, and powers exercised by officials of the national government and describe ways ...
5.P.2.1.C
Examine the principles of the Constitution of the United States of America, including how laws are made in a democratic ...
5.P.2.2
Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.
5.P.2.2.A
Compare and analyze primary and secondary sources from the past and present, including the intended audience and author’...
5.P.2.2.B
Compare perspectives of individuals and groups from different regions and experiences, including the past and present.
5.P.2.2.C
Explain multiple causes and effects of events and developments of the past or present; create timelines to identify mult...
5.P.2.3
Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on th...
5.P.2.3.A
Answer geographic questions by organizing geographic information from historical as well as contemporary perspectives.
5.P.2.3.B
Analyze human and physical features of the nation by drawing conclusions and explaining spatial relationships of physica...
5.P.2.3.C
Explain how environmental factors affected historical events and continue to impact contemporary human activities.
5.P.2.4
Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, na...
5.P.2.4.A
Interpret and draw conclusions from economic data on charts and graphs.
5.P.2.4.B
Explain how the concept of supply and demand operates in a market economy, using historical and contemporary examples.
5.P.2.4.C
Analyze the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship in a market economy.
5.P.3
Engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.
5.P.3.1
Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.
5.P.3.1.A
Use information accurately from a text when explaining the text explicitly and when drawing inferences from the text.
5.P.3.1.B
Use information from multiple print or digital sources (e.g., timelines, maps, graphs, political cartoons, images, artwo...
5.P.3.2
Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspec...
5.P.3.2.A
Determine an author’s purpose and draw conclusions to evaluate how well the author’s purpose was achieved.
5.P.3.2.B
Distinguish fact from opinion in nonfiction text and investigate facts for accuracy.
5.P.3.2.C
Engage in collaborative discussions about appropriate topics and texts, expressing ideas clearly to others in group and ...
5.P.4
Develop a variety of evidence-based written products designed for multiple purposes.
5.P.4.1
Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presen...
5.P.4.1.A
Compose informative written products by introducing and developing a topic, supported by evidence (e.g. facts, examples,...
5.P.4.1.B
Clearly state an opinion through written products, supported by examples, details, and reasoning.
5.P.4.2
Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.
5.P.4.2.A
Formulate a viable research question related to expanding knowledge of social studies concepts.
5.P.4.2.B
Organize information from research, quoting accurately from the source and avoiding plagiarism.
5.P.4.2.C
Create presentations or products which summarize research findings from two or more sources.

Grade 6

6.C.1
Analyze data from a geographic perspective using the skills and tools of geography.
6.C.1.1
Describe geography as a field of inquiry which answers “the why of where” by examining both physical and human geography...
6.C.1.2
Integrate visual information to organize understandings about the people and environments of the Western Hemisphere.
6.C.1.2.A
Apply the concepts of scale, distance, and direction to explain the relative location of physical and human places using...
6.C.1.2.B
Use the system of latitude and longitude to identify the absolute location of a place on maps and globes.
6.C.1.2.C
Use different types of maps, graphs, charts, and geographic tools, such as satellite imagery and Geographic Information ...
6.C.1.3
Compare characteristics of major regions of the Western Hemisphere through the regular use of strategies, such as the Fi...
6.C.1.4
Describe and analyze the role of geographic factors on events that impact the people and places of the Western Hemispher...
6.C.2
Analyze the physical systems of the major regions of the Western Hemisphere.
6.C.2.1
Identify and describe on a physical map the major landforms and bodies of water important to the development of each reg...
6.C.2.2
Use visual information to describe on a physical map the major climate and vegetation zones, drawing conclusions about t...
6.C.2.3
Explain how the factors of latitude, elevation, and proximity to bodies of water influence climate and human activities.
6.C.2.4
Describe the distribution of natural resources found in each region, delineating between renewable and nonrenewable reso...
6.C.3
Identify the characteristics, distribution, and demographic patterns of human populations and systems of the Western Hem...
6.C.3.1
Identify on a political map the major countries and population centers of each region, describing urban, rural, suburban...
6.C.3.2
Analyze how the characteristics of culture impact people and places.
6.C.3.2.A
Identify and describe cultural traits (e.g., language, ethnic heritage, religion, traditions, the arts) which are unique...
6.C.3.2.B
Explain how culture provides individuals with a sense of identity and how it is transferred from one generation to the n...
6.C.3.2.C
Compare major cultural groups of the Western Hemisphere (e.g., American Indian, Indigenous peoples of Canada and Amazoni...
6.C.3.3
Define cultural diffusion by describing how cultural characteristics spread and impact contemporary regions (e.g., enter...
6.C.3.4
Examine the impact of geography on migration and population distribution.
6.C.3.4.A
Define push factors of migration (e.g., instability, conflict, natural disasters) using historic or contemporary example...
6.C.3.4.B
Identify and provide examples of pull factors of migration (e.g., economic opportunity, religious freedom, family ties, ...
6.C.3.5
Describe the ethnic heritage of Indigenous cultures of the Western Hemisphere.
6.C.3.5.A
Explain that various complex societies, economic, and political systems developed on the North and South American contin...
6.C.3.5.B
Compare the cultures of Native peoples of the United States of America and Canada (e.g., Ancestral Puebloan, Mississippi...
6.C.3.5.C
Explain how the Olmec and Maya adapted to and modified their environment to develop advanced civilizations in Mesoameric...
6.C.3.5.D
Describe how the Aztec conquest of other Indigenous peoples created extensive trade networks and wealth.
6.C.3.5.E
Explain how the Inca were able to control an expansive empire in the Andes, developing a strong central government and i...
6.C.3.6
Describe the cultural interactions between American Indian cultures and European settlers which impacted the heritage an...
6.C.3.6.A
Identify examples of cultural diffusion (e.g., Columbian Exchange: availability of new commodities and technology; assim...
6.C.3.6.B
Describe the impact of English and French settlement of North America on cultural characteristics such as language, cust...
6.C.3.6.C
Examine Spanish colonialism of Latin America and its influence on language, religion, and customs, including the practic...
6.C.3.6.D
Explain the effects of plantation agriculture and the importation of enslaved labor on the economic development and cult...
6.C.3.6.E
Identify the major regions of the Western Hemisphere that received enslaved Africans and explain how European imperial e...
6.C.4
Analyze the interactions of humans and their environment in the Western Hemisphere.
6.C.4.1
Explain how humans adapt to the environment (e.g., types and location of housing, clothing and food choices, methods of ...
6.C.4.2
Analyze the impact of natural disasters on human populations, including displacement, scarcity of consumer goods, econom...
6.C.4.3
Describe how humans modify the natural environment to support human development, such as subsistence and commercial agri...
6.C.4.4
Identify environmental challenges (e.g., air pollution, acid rain, deforestation) and explain how they can impact a regi...
6.C.4.5
Evaluate the need to preserve resources, climate, and wildlife by creating public awareness, including the efforts of ec...
6.C.4.6
Describe the role of citizens as responsible stewards of natural resources and the environment (e.g., recycling campaign...
6.C.5
Analyze why and how humans develop rules, laws, and governments, including the role of citizens in government.
6.C.5.1
Compare systems of governments.
6.C.5.1.A
Define and describe the characteristics of limited governments (constitutional republic, constitutional monarchy) and au...
6.C.5.1.B
Compare different forms of constitutional republics, exemplified by the constitutional republic of the United States of ...
6.C.5.1.C
Analyze the historical development of American Indian citizenship and constitutional rights in the United States of Amer...
6.C.5.1.D
Describe how historic struggles for independence in Latin America and the Caribbean were influenced by the American revo...
6.C.5.1.E
Describe challenges for several Latin American governments and economies, due to a history of political and economic ins...
6.C.5.2
Compare common features of the Constitution of the United States of America to other representative governments of the W...
6.C.6
Analyze economic systems of the world and how they impact the development of a nation and region.
6.C.6.1
Explain how people organize economic systems to address basic economic questions regarding which goods and services will...
6.C.6.2
Analyze the benefits and limitations of the world’s economic systems.
6.C.6.2.A
Define the characteristics of traditional, market, and command economic systems.
6.C.6.2.B
Describe how government policies affect economic activities within a nation, as well as determine trade relationships.
6.C.6.2.C
Compare the outcomes of different economic systems for human prosperity, equality, and freedom.
6.C.6.3
Explain how different sectors of a nation’s economy contribute to the development of a nation.
6.C.6.3.A
Primary Sector: Extraction and harvesting of natural products (e.g., Venezuela’s Orinoco Belt, Chile’s artisanal fishing...
6.C.6.3.B
Secondary Sector: Production of goods through manufacturing and construction (e.g., United States of America's steel ind...
6.C.6.3.C
Tertiary Sector: Businesses that provide services to consumers (e.g., Costa Rica's ecotourism, New York Stock Exchange, ...
6.C.6.3.D
Quaternary Sector: Research and intellectual services such as technological advancement and innovation (e.g., Silicon Va...
6.C.6.4
Identify and compare the characteristics of developed and developing countries by analyzing data (e.g., literacy rate, l...
6.C.7
Analyze the common characteristics of regions which create a sense of identity and unity, influencing the interactions a...
6.C.7.1
Define the concept of region as an area sharing common characteristics and explain how regions can be categorized in man...
6.C.7.2
Identify examples of physical regions sharing common features of landforms, climate, vegetation, and natural resources (...
6.C.7.3
Identify examples of man-made regions sharing common characteristics related to culture, human settlement, history, econ...
6.C.7.4
Describe patterns of economic interdependence and trade linking regions of the Western Hemisphere.
6.C.7.4.A
Define basic concepts related to trade, including exports and imports, tariffs, free trade, and balance of trade.
6.C.7.4.B
Explain economic interdependence as it relates to the outsourcing of jobs to developing regions.
6.C.7.5
Explain reasons for cooperation among nations of the Western Hemisphere.
6.C.7.5.A
Describe how the people of different regions cooperate to address common concerns and how such cooperation impacts globa...
6.C.7.5.B
Examine how supranational organizations (e.g., Organization of American States, Arctic Council) create cooperative polit...
6.C.7.6
Explain reasons for conflict between regions of the Western Hemisphere, such as territorial disputes, access to natural ...
6.P.1
Apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.
6.P.1.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real- world problems.
6.P.1.1.A
Analyze why the acknowledgement of different perspectives can contribute to civil discourse and solutions to civic issue...
6.P.1.1.B
Apply a range of deliberative and democratic procedures to discuss, make decisions, and propose action about real-world ...
6.P.1.1.C
Use information to analyze how a specific problem can manifest itself in regional and global issues, describing options ...
6.P.1.2
Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.
6.P.1.2.A
Investigate and propose answers to essential questions representing complex enduring issues across the social studies di...
6.P.1.2.B
Answer supporting questions related to social studies content knowledge and make connections to different interpretation...
6.P.1.2.C
Develop deeper critical thinking skills by questioning assumptions and identifying inconsistencies or errors in reasonin...
6.P.1.2.D
Demonstrate understanding of social studies content through the development of self-driven inquiries and the completion ...
6.P.2
Use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.
6.P.2.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibili...
6.P.2.1.A
Compare and analyze civic virtues and democratic principles in historic and global settings, explaining how they influen...
6.P.2.1.B
Compare the powers and responsibilities of the United States of America’s government to other forms of government, inclu...
6.P.2.1.C
Examine the impact of constitutions, laws, treaties, and international agreements on the limits of government, including...
6.P.2.2
Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.
6.P.2.2.A
Gather and draw conclusions from sources of evidence, identifying plausible author, occasion, audience, purpose, and pos...
6.P.2.2.B
Describe multiple factors and explain how they can influence the perspectives of individuals and groups on events from h...
6.P.2.2.C
Distinguish multiple causation, including immediate versus long-term cause-effect relationships; construct timelines of ...
6.P.2.3
Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on th...
6.P.2.3.A
Answer geographic questions and conduct investigations by acquiring, organizing, and interpreting information about the ...
6.P.2.3.B
Use multiple mapping techniques, data visuals, satellite images, and geographic technology to analyze spatial patterns o...
6.P.2.3.C
Explain how the environment affects cultural patterns and historical events, providing opportunities and challenges for ...
6.P.2.4
Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, na...
6.P.2.4.A
Analyze, interpret, and compare economic data from multiple charts and graphs.
6.P.2.4.B
Identify different types of economic systems, comparing advantages and disadvantages for citizens and the growth of a na...
6.P.2.4.C
Explain how technology and trade impact standard of living and economic interdependence, using historical or contemporar...
6.P.3
Engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.
6.P.3.1
Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.
6.P.3.1.A
Paraphrase the main idea and cite evidence from primary and secondary sources; provide an accurate summary of a source d...
6.P.3.1.B
Integrate the use of visual information (e.g., maps, charts, photographs, videos, political cartoons, artwork) with text...
6.P.3.2
Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspec...
6.P.3.2.A
Analyze works written on the same topic and compare methods the authors used to achieve similar or different purposes.
6.P.3.2.B
Evaluate textual evidence to determine whether a claim is substantiated.
6.P.3.2.C
Engage in collaborative discussions about information presented in social studies texts, expressing ideas clearly while ...
6.P.4
Develop a variety of evidence-based written products designed for multiple purposes.
6.P.4.1
Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presen...
6.P.4.1.A
Compose informative essays and other written products using and citing evidence (e.g. facts, examples, details) from mul...
6.P.4.1.B
Compose argumentative written products by introducing a claim, recognizing an opposing viewpoint, and organizing evidenc...
6.P.4.2
Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.
6.P.4.2.A
Refine and formulate viable research questions related to social studies investigations, using well- developed theses or...
6.P.4.2.B
Quote, paraphrase, and summarize findings, avoiding plagiarism.
6.P.4.2.C
Organize and create presentations or products using research from a variety of formats and encompassing different points...

Grade 7

7.C.1
Analyze data from a geographic perspective using the skills and tools of geography.
7.C.1.1
Describe the role of geographic factors on events, explaining the importance of a spatial perspective and the integratio...
7.C.1.2
Reinforce geographic skills through the routine practice and use of geographic tools (e.g., thematic maps, graphs, chart...
7.C.2
Analyze the physical systems of the major regions of the Eastern Hemisphere.
7.C.2.1
Identify on a physical map the major landforms and bodies of water of each region and compare climatic conditions, veget...
7.C.2.2
Describe how the physical environment can influence human population distribution, population growth, settlement pattern...
7.C.2.3
Compare the characteristics and distribution of major renewable and nonrenewable resources of each region, identifying m...
7.C.2.4
Identify examples of scarcity and how the availability of natural resources impacts regional economies, potentially lead...
7.C.3
Identify the distribution and demographic patterns of human populations of the Eastern Hemisphere.
7.C.3.1
Identify on a political map the major countries and population centers of each region, describing urban, rural, suburban...
7.C.3.2
Explain the impact of geography on population distribution, density, growth, change, settlement patterns, the availabili...
7.C.3.3
Describe the challenges of urbanization and urban sprawl (e.g., access to public services, affordability of housing, gen...
7.C.3.4
Examine how nations address population changes through government policies (e.g., education, health care, immigration).
7.C.3.5
Describe the reasons for emigration and immigration.
7.C.3.5.A
Examine the role of pull factors (e.g., economic opportunity, education, family) and the role of push factors (e.g., pol...
7.C.3.5.B
Describe contemporary reasons and examples of migration (e.g., drought in agricultural eastern Africa resulting in urban...
7.C.4
Analyze the interactions of humans and their environment.
7.C.4.1
Analyze how humans adapt to their environment, including the impact of climate and weather patterns and natural disaster...
7.C.4.2
Describe how humans adapt to and modify their environment for the purpose of food production.
7.C.4.2.A
Describe the differences among subsistence, cash crop, and commercial agriculture, including their impact on the economi...
7.C.4.2.B
Explain how agricultural innovations, such as the Green Revolution and modern irrigation systems, increase food producti...
7.C.4.2.C
Examine how agricultural practices in a region imprint the physical environment (e.g., desertification of the Aral Sea, ...
7.C.4.3
Evaluate the effects of human modification of the natural environment through processes related to industrialization.
7.C.4.3.A
Explain why places become major hubs of industrial activity by analyzing the relationship between the location of natura...
7.C.4.3.B
Describe the importance of transportation infrastructure and its direct impact on people's access to resources and consu...
7.C.4.3.C
Examine how the development of technology meets energy demands, as well as modifies the environment (e.g., extraction of...
7.C.5
Evaluate the development and impact of culture on the major regions and peoples of the Eastern Hemisphere.
7.C.5.1
Compare cultural traits of major cultural regions and explain how culture can change over time through the process of cu...
7.C.5.2
Define and describe the legacy of the world’s major cultural hearths on a region’s ethnic heritage and history.
7.C.5.2.A
Examine how and why major cultural hearths developed along major river valleys and crossroads of trade (e.g., Mesopotami...
7.C.5.2.B
Explain that complex societies and civilizations in different regions share common characteristics (e.g., agricultural i...
7.C.5.3
Examine the dominant religions of the world, including Chrisitanity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism. Examine how...
7.C.6
Analyze systems of government by examining their source of authority, principles, structures, and processes.
7.C.6.1
Compare the source of authority and power of representative governments (republic, constitutional monarchy) versus autho...
7.C.6.2
Trace the historic roots of constitutional republics.
7.C.6.2.A
Explain why the government of ancient Athens is considered the beginning of democratic government and examine Greek poli...
7.C.6.2.B
Describe the government of the Roman Republic and its contribution to the development of representative self-government,...
7.C.6.2.C
Describe influences of early English tradition related to the principles of limited government and individual rights, su...
7.C.6.3
Compare the role of the citizen in modern representative governments to authoritarian systems (e.g., United Kingdom to R...
7.C.6.3.A
Describe the involvement of citizens in the selection of government officials and the lawmaking process in different sys...
7.C.6.3.B
Compare civil liberties in representative to authoritarian systems of government, referencing the United States of Ameri...
7.C.6.3.C
Describe how contemporary authoritarian governments maintain power over citizens (e.g., denial of civil rights, illegiti...
7.C.6.4
Analyze issues related to Indigenous sovereignty, including the management of natural resources and the preservation of ...
7.C.7
Examine and compare economic systems as means by which governments organize and distribute available resources, services...
7.C.7.1
Explain how people organize economic systems to address basic economic questions regarding which goods and services will...
7.C.7.2
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional, market, and command economic systems, including how governm...
7.C.7.3
Evaluate how the major sectors of economic activities contribute to the development of a country or region:
7.C.7.3.A
Extraction and harvesting of natural products (Primary Sector)
7.C.7.3.B
Production of goods through manufacturing and construction (Secondary Sector)
7.C.7.3.C
Businesses that provide services to consumers (Tertiary Sector)
7.C.7.3.D
Research and intellectual services such as technology and innovation (Quaternary Sector).
7.C.7.4
Compare the economic measurements of productivity which inform nations of their economic health and growth (e.g., Gross ...
7.C.7.5
Distinguish between developed and developing regions by analyzing data used by geographers (e.g., the Human Development ...
7.C.7.6
Analyze the role of government to finance a nation’s development (e.g., infrastructure, social programs, and education).
7.C.8
Analyze the physical and human characteristics of regions which create uniqueness and influence people’s perceptions of ...
7.C.8.1
Define the concept of region and explain how regions change over time through physical and human processes, such as land...
7.C.8.2
Explain and summarize how common physical or human characteristics can link as well as divide regions (e.g., manmade can...
7.C.8.3
Explain patterns of global interdependence, including the impact of changing technology on trade routes, dependence on r...
7.C.8.4
Examine indicators of economic interdependence and world trade, including why nations are concerned with the balance of ...
7.C.8.5
Explain why countries enter into global trade agreements (e.g., Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries [OPEC], th...
7.C.8.6
Describe how political, economic, and cultural forces (e.g., civil wars, terrorism, genocide, ethnic separatism) have ch...
7.C.8.7
Analyze reasons for conflict and cooperation among regions, evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of international...
7.P.1
Apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.
7.P.1.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real- world problems.
7.P.1.1.A
Analyze why the acknowledgement of different perspectives can contribute to civil discourse and solutions to civic issue...
7.P.1.1.B
Apply a range of deliberative and democratic procedures to discuss, make decisions, and propose action about real-world ...
7.P.1.1.C
Use information to analyze how a specific problem can manifest itself in regional and global issues, describing options ...
7.P.1.2
Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.
7.P.1.2.A
Investigate and propose answers to essential questions representing complex enduring issues across the social studies di...
7.P.1.2.B
Answer supporting questions related to social studies content knowledge and make connections to different interpretation...
7.P.1.2.C
Develop deeper critical thinking skills by questioning assumptions and identifying inconsistencies or errors in reasonin...
7.P.1.2.D
Demonstrate understanding of social studies content through the development of self-driven inquiries and the completion ...
7.P.2
Use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.
7.P.2.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibili...
7.P.2.1.A
Compare and analyze civic virtues and democratic principles in historic and global settings, explaining how they influen...
7.P.2.1.B
Compare the powers and responsibilities of the United States of America’s government to other forms of government, inclu...
7.P.2.1.C
Examine the impact of constitutions, laws, treaties, and international agreements on the limits of government, including...
7.P.2.2
Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.
7.P.2.2.A
Gather and draw conclusions from sources of evidence, identifying plausible author, occasion, audience, purpose, and pos...
7.P.2.2.B
Describe multiple factors and explain how they can influence the perspectives of individuals and groups on events from h...
7.P.2.2.C
Distinguish multiple causation, including immediate versus long-term cause-effect relationships; construct timelines of ...
7.P.2.3
Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on th...
7.P.2.3.A
Answer geographic questions and conduct investigations by acquiring, organizing, and interpreting information about the ...
7.P.2.3.B
Use multiple mapping techniques, data visuals, satellite images, and geographic technology to analyze spatial patterns o...
7.P.2.3.C
Explain how the environment affects cultural patterns and historical events, providing opportunities and challenges for ...
7.P.2.4
Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, na...
7.P.2.4.A
Analyze, interpret, and compare economic data from multiple charts and graphs.
7.P.2.4.B
Identify different types of economic systems, comparing advantages and disadvantages for citizens and the growth of a na...
7.P.2.4.C
Explain how technology and trade impact standard of living and economic interdependence, using historical or contemporar...
7.P.3
Engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.
7.P.3.1
Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.
7.P.3.1.A
Paraphrase the main idea and cite evidence from primary and secondary sources; provide an accurate summary of a source d...
7.P.3.1.B
Integrate the use of visual information (e.g., maps, charts, photographs, videos, political cartoons, artwork) with text...
7.P.3.2
Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspec...
7.P.3.2.A
Analyze works written on the same topic and compare methods the authors use to achieve similar or different purposes.
7.P.3.2.B
Evaluate textual evidence to determine whether a claim is substantiated.
7.P.3.2.C
Engage in collaborative discussions about information presented in social studies texts, expressing ideas clearly while ...
7.P.4
Develop a variety of evidence-based written products designed for multiple purposes.
7.P.4.1
Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presen...
7.P.4.1.A
Compose informative essays and other written products using and citing evidence (e.g. facts, examples, details) from mul...
7.P.4.1.B
Compose argumentative written products by introducing a claim, recognizing an opposing viewpoint, and organizing evidenc...
7.P.4.2
Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.
7.P.4.2.A
Refine and formulate viable research questions related to social studies investigations, using well- developed theses or...
7.P.4.2.B
Quote, paraphrase, and summarize findings, avoiding plagiarism.
7.P.4.2.C
Organize and create presentations or products using research from a variety of formats and encompassing different points...

Grade 8

8.C.1
Analyze the foundations of the United States of America by examining the causes, events, and ideologies which led to the...
8.C.10
Analyze the social and economic transformations of the early nineteenth century.
8.C.10.1
Explain the impact of the Industrial Revolution on American culture and its economy.
8.C.10.1.A
Describe major technological improvements and inventions that contributed to industrial growth in the North, resulting i...
8.C.10.1.B
Explain how the invention of the cotton gin impacted Southern plantation economies by increasing the profitability of th...
8.C.10.1.C
Analyze the connection between cotton production in the South to the economic success of Northern textile industries.
8.C.10.1.D
Examine the role of women as the primary workforce in New England textile factories and leaders in the reform of working...
8.C.10.1.E
Examine the rise of nativist movements in response to increased immigration during industrialization, including debates ...
8.C.10.2
Analyze experiences of enslaved persons, including common conditions of life under slavery, acts of resistance to slaver...
8.C.10.3
Summarize the impact of the Abolitionist Movement on the institution of slavery.
8.C.10.3.A
Assess the impact of the work of notable abolitionists, such as Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, and Sojourne...
8.C.10.3.B
Describe the rise of the Underground Railroad, including the efforts of Harriet Tubman and the impact of Harriet Beecher...
8.C.10.4
Evaluate the goals and efforts of the Women’s Suffrage Movement toward political equality.
8.C.10.4.A
Trace the emergence of the women’s rights movement from the abolitionist movement.
8.C.10.4.B
Describe the role of the movement’s primary leaders (e.g., Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Grim...
8.C.10.4.C
Identify the ideals, democratic principles, and demands expressed in the Declaration of Sentiments.
8.C.10.5
Evaluate the significance and key leaders of the Second Great Awakening including how it sparked a number of reform move...
8.C.1.1
Analyze the political and economic climate in the British colonies on the eve of the French and Indian War.
8.C.11
Analyze slavery as the principal cause of increased sectional polarization leading to the Civil War.
8.C.11.1
Evaluate the goals of the Compromise of 1850 regarding the issue of slavery.
8.C.11.1.A
Describe the series of measures proposed by Senator Henry Clay to avert the threat of dissolution of the Union, includin...
8.C.11.1.B
Explain why the Compromise of 1850 may have succeeded as a temporary solution but proved that compromise could not offer...
8.C.11.2
Analyze the impact of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the growing tension, and inevitability of a civil war.
8.C.11.2.A
Explain how popular sovereignty in new territories regarding the institution of slavery led to factional feuds in “Bleed...
8.C.11.2.B
Examine why the North opposed the possibility that northern territories such as Kansas and Nebraska might adopt slavery,...
8.C.11.2.C
Evaluate the impact of the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision, which denied citizenship to African Americans and ruled ensl...
8.C.11.2.D
Examine the motives and impact for John Brown’s Raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry.
8.C.1.1.A
Examine how the unofficial British policy of salutary neglect created an environment suited to self-determination in the...
8.C.1.1.B
Explain how the British policy of mercantilism sought to increase England’s prosperity through restrictive trade practic...
8.C.1.1.C
Examine how British colonial ideas and practices of self-government (e.g., town meetings and colonial legislatures) infl...
8.C.1.1.D
Describe the influence of the First Great Awakening on concepts related to individual equality and self-rule, including ...
8.C.1.1.E
Examine the goals of the Albany Plan of Union and how it reflected colonial reactions to changing imperial economic poli...
8.C.1.1.F
Compare the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy with early attempts to unite the colonies.
8.C.1.2
Summarize the political and economic consequences of the French and Indian War.
8.C.12
Analyze the course and consequences of the Civil War.
8.C.12.1
Analyze major issues of the presidential election of 1860 and its immediate consequences.
8.C.12.1.A
Describe the fragmentation of the national party system during the election of 1860 and its role in sectional division.
8.C.12.1.B
Identify President Lincoln’s stance on slavery and intention of preserving the Union, as stated in his Cooper Union Addr...
8.C.12.1.C
Explain slavery as the central factor for the secession of southern states by examining passages from state secession de...
8.C.12.1.D
Describe tensions over the strategic and internally divided border states.
8.C.12.1.E
Trace the formation of the Confederate States of America under the leadership of Jefferson Davis.
8.C.12.1.F
Describe how the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter ignited armed civil conflict.
8.C.12.2
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the Union and the Confederacy.
8.C.12.2.A
Compare natural resources, population, and industrialization.
8.C.12.2.B
Describe the significance of military leadership and experience (e.g., Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant).
8.C.12.2.C
Examine the contributions of free and enslaved persons, such as the 54th Massachusetts Regiment.
8.C.12.2.D
Describe the value of immigrant troops drafted or recruited to fill Union ranks.
8.C.12.3
Identify the key strategies used during the war and evaluate their effectiveness in determining the war’s outcome.
8.C.12.3.A
Compare the goal of the Union’s Anaconda Plan to surround and blockade Confederate forces to the goal and strategy of Sh...
8.C.12.3.B
Describe how the Southern military strategy focused on holding Confederate territory in hopes the North would eventually...
8.C.12.3.C
Examine the lasting impact of the Civil War, focusing on its devastation of property and the national economy, unrestric...
8.C.12.4
Summarize the significance of key battles and turning points of the Civil War.
8.C.12.4.A
Explain how the Battle of Antietam proved that the Union could withstand the Confederate Army, providing Lincoln the con...
8.C.12.4.B
Analyze the Emancipation Proclamation’s role in expanding the goals of the war and its impact on slavery, including the ...
8.C.12.4.C
Describe how the Battle of Gettysburg ended the Confederate attempt to invade the North and analyze Lincoln’s Gettysburg...
8.C.12.4.D
Explain how the Confederate loss of Vicksburg opened the way for the North to seize control of the Mississippi River, di...
8.C.12.4.E
Describe Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Courthouse and the conditions of Grant’s surrender terms.
8.C.1.2.A
Explain Parliament’s rationale for levying new forms of taxation.
8.C.1.2.B
Describe how the Proclamation of 1763 and its restriction on migration into American Indian sovereign territories fed di...
8.C.1.3
Examine growing tensions between the North American colonies and Britain.
8.C.13
Analyze the political, social, and economic transformations during the Reconstruction Era.
8.C.13.1
Examine the challenges of rebuilding the nation following the end of the Civil War.
8.C.13.1.A
Evaluate Lincoln’s plans for reconciliation, as expressed in his Second Inaugural Address, and the impact of his assassi...
8.C.13.1.B
Compare the plans and policies proposed for Reconstruction (e.g., President Andrew Johnson, the Congressional Republican...
8.C.13.2
Analyze the impact of state and federal legislation following the Civil War.
8.C.13.2.A
Explain the impact of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments on the status of formerly enslaved persons, as well as the rel...
8.C.13.2.B
Assess the impact of the Civil War Amendments in securing political rights for African Americans, resulting in their ele...
8.C.13.2.C
Evaluate the efforts of the Freedmen’s Bureau to assist freed persons with economic, educational, and political opportun...
8.C.13.2.D
Describe how the adoption of Black Codes by many southern state legislatures restricted employment and property rights o...
8.C.13.3
Analyze the emerging social structure of the postwar South.
8.C.13.3.A
Identify the various motives of carpetbaggers including economic gain, exploitative aims, and genuine concern for the ci...
8.C.13.3.B
Describe the expansion of the tenant and sharecropper systems which enabled landowners to reestablish a labor force seve...
8.C.13.3.C
Examine the political and social goals of the Ku Klux Klan, including its acts of intimidation and violence against Afri...
8.C.13.3.D
Describe the migration of African Americans from the discriminatory conditions of the South to opportunities in the nort...
8.C.13.4
Assess the lasting impact of factors leading to the end of Reconstruction.
8.C.13.4.A
Describe the result of a lack of enforcement of the 14th and 15th Amendments.
8.C.13.4.B
Examine the development of segregated societies in the South as a result of social norms and legal statutes such as Blac...
8.C.13.4.C
Explain the effects of the presidential election of 1876 and the Compromise of 1877 on Reconstruction.
8.C.13.5
Evaluate the impact of federal policies related to the on-going migration and settlement of the West.
8.C.13.5.A
Describe how the Homestead Act of 1862 enabled more individuals to obtain land and partake in economic opportunities fol...
8.C.13.5.B
Analyze the impact of the development of the Transcontinental Railroad on connecting agricultural goods and products to ...
8.C.13.5.C
Summarize the intent of President Grant’s Peace Policy on the displacement of American Indians from their homelands.
8.C.13.5.D
Describe the impact of Grant’s policy of government-run boarding schools and missions directed to assimilate Tribal memb...
8.C.13.5.E
Describe escalating conflict between American Indians, military forces, and civilians (e.g., Whitman Mission and Sand Cr...
8.C.1.3.A
Analyze the primary cause of the American Revolution as it relates to violations of rights as Englishmen, exemplified in...
8.C.1.3.B
Describe the effect on colonial economics and local self-government created by the series of trade restrictions and impo...
8.C.1.3.C
Explain the strategies utilized by colonists to oppose imperial policies, including the issuance of the Stamp Act Resolv...
8.C.1.3.D
Describe escalating tensions, exemplified by the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party.
8.C.1.3.E
Explain continued attempts by Parliament to exert its authority through the Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts), prompting ...
8.C.1.3.F
Explain why the Battles of Lexington and Concord were perceived as major military victories, known as the “shot heard ‘r...
8.C.1.4
Analyze how the Second Continental Congress functioned as the de facto national government, uniting colonial response.
8.C.1.4.A
Describe how the congress successfully formed the Continental Army, directed military strategy, established a national c...
8.C.1.4.B
Explain the purpose and outcome of the Olive Branch Petition as the colonists’ final attempt to avoid war by affirming l...
8.C.1.4.C
Summarize the decision to appoint a committee to draft a declaration of independence.
8.C.1.5
Analyze the significance of the Declaration of Independence as a founding statement of American thought on the constitut...
8.C.1.5.A
Read and discuss the Declaration of Independence as drafted by Thomas Jefferson, influenced by the Committee of Five, an...
8.C.1.5.B
Describe the intellectual origins of American political thought as proposed by such Enlightenment philosophers as John L...
8.C.1.5.C
Identify the purpose of government as the protection of unalienable individual rights and liberties.
8.C.1.5.D
Explain how a social contract exists between citizens and their government, requiring the consent of the governed, as we...
8.C.1.5.E
Evaluate the diverse political, economic, and religious influences that shaped colonial arguments for independence.
8.C.1.5.F
Identify specific economic and political grievances against British policies used by the colonists to justify independen...
8.C.2
Examine key military and diplomatic events of the Revolutionary War that resulted in an independent nation.
8.C.2.1
Summarize the effectiveness of the Articles of Confederation as the first national system of government for the purpose ...
8.C.2.2
Evaluate the motivations and points of view of various populations to remain loyal to Britain, join the patriot cause, o...
8.C.2.2.A
Explain major arguments supporting the Patriot cause by analyzing the speech, Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death, attribut...
8.C.2.2.B
Compare political, economic, and family interests which influenced Loyalists views.
8.C.2.2.C
Explain how the preservation of homelands, cultures, and trade affected the stance taken by many American Indians.
8.C.2.2.D
Describe how the promise of political equality impacted the views of women, by examining the writings of Mercy Otis Warr...
8.C.2.2.E
Examine the views of free and enslaved Blacks toward the revolution, including petitions to colonial governments for a b...
8.C.2.3
Evaluate the challenges and reasons for the colonial victory over the British Empire.
8.C.2.3.A
Compare military strength and available resources, including financial support from private individuals and allied natio...
8.C.2.3.B
Summarize the impact of key military turning points of the Revolutionary War, including the victories at Boston, Trenton...
8.C.2.3.C
Explain how an effective military force was shaped by the leadership of General George Washington, Thomas Paine's The Cr...
8.C.2.3.D
Describe the significance of the Treaty of Paris (1783) as it relates to the recognition of the United States of America...
8.C.3
Examine the formation of the United States of America’s system of government following the Revolutionary War and the cre...
8.C.3.1
Examine conditions in the new nation that led to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787
8.C.3.1.A
Identify strengths of the United States of America’s government operating under the Articles of Confederation, including...
8.C.3.1.B
Identify the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, including the lack of a common national currency, means for co...
8.C.3.1.C
Describe how severe economic conditions and civil unrest, typified by Shays’ Rebellion, contributed to a call for revisi...
8.C.3.2
Analyze the significance of the Constitutional Convention on the formation of a new organization for national government...
8.C.3.2.A
Identify the relationship between the principles established in the Declaration of Independence and the government creat...
8.C.3.2.B
Describe the role of leaders at the Constitutional Convention, including its President George Washington, the influence ...
8.C.3.2.C
Explain how the key debate regarding state representation in Congress, presented by opposing Virginia and New Jersey Pla...
8.C.3.2.D
Explain how the Three-Fifths Compromise over congressional representation and the Fugitive Slave Clause avoided the slav...
8.C.3.2.E
Examine the rationales for the creation and functioning of the Electoral College.
8.C.3.3
Examine the process to ratify the Constitution of the United States of America.
8.C.3.3.A
Identify major reasons advocating for the adoption of the Constitution of the United States of America as expressed by l...
8.C.3.3.B
Explain criticism posed by Anti Federalists, such as George Mason, regarding concerns over the potential abuse of power ...
8.C.3.3.C
Compare major arguments regarding ratification of the Constitution of the United States of America as found in Federalis...
8.C.4
Examine the key principles and structure of the United States of America’s government as established by the Constitution...
8.C.4.1
Analyze the need for a written constitution, tracing the foundation of self-government established in the Mayflower Comp...
8.C.4.2
Examine the structure and principles of the United States of America’s government established in the Constitution of the...
8.C.4.2.A
Examine the purpose of government, including its responsibilities to citizens, as expressed in the Preamble to the Const...
8.C.4.2.B
Explain why the Framers of the Constitution of the United States of America separated governmental powers among three br...
8.C.4.2.C
Identify the constitutional powers granted to Congress, the President, and the Supreme Court, using historical and conte...
8.C.4.2.D
Analyze the system of checks and balances, explaining the Framers’ rationale for establishing such a system and describi...
8.C.4.2.E
Describe the concept of federalism (shared power) and identify specific types of powers (e.g., express, concurrent, rese...
8.C.4.2.F
Explain how the Supremacy Clause establishes the Constitution of the United States as the “supreme law of the Land” layi...
8.C.4.3
Evaluate the significance of the Commerce Clause in establishing a constitutional relationship between American Indian T...
8.C.4.3.A
Explain that the Constitution of the United States of America grants Congress authority to regulate commerce with Tribal...
8.C.4.3.B
Examine how early Supreme Court decisions, often referred to as the “Marshall Trilogy,” defined Tribal Nations as “domes...
8.C.4.3.C
Explain that Tribal governments retain powers of internal self-government, including making and enforcing laws, determin...
8.C.4.4
Examine the steps of the legislative process.
8.C.4.4.A
Describe the constitutional roles of Congress and the President to produce necessary legislation in order to meet public...
8.C.4.4.B
Trace the basic steps of the legislative process using contemporary examples.
8.C.4.5
Analyze the rights and liberties guaranteed to all citizens in the Bill of Rights.
8.C.4.5.A
Explain the Constitutional amendment process, using the Bill of Rights as an example.
8.C.4.5.B
Describe the influence of James Madison and the Virginia Declaration of Rights to the development of the Bill of Rights,...
8.C.4.5.C
Examine individual rights, liberties, and protections of due process guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.
8.C.4.5.D
Explain how the Bill of Rights protects individuals from abuse by the national government with most of its provisions be...
8.C.4.5.E
Describe how the Bill of Rights and the United States of America’s judicial system uphold the rule of law guaranteeing f...
8.C.4.5.F
Explain the importance of an independent judicial system to the interpretation and defense of citizens’ rights and liber...
8.C.4.6
Define civic virtue and explain the individual’s duties and responsibilities.
8.C.4.6.A
Describe the right to vote and public service as the cornerstones of a constitutional republic.
8.C.4.6.B
Examine other political rights and responsibilities of citizens, such as engaging in informed civil discourse and non-vi...
8.C.4.6.C
Identify responsibilities of both citizens and residents of the United States of America, including obedience to the law...
8.C.5
Examine the political and economic changes that occurred during the Early Federal Period.
8.C.5.1
Assess the legacy of President Washington on the nature of the presidency and the executive branch.
8.C.5.1.A
Describe the purpose of the Cabinet as established by Washington and its role in today’s executive branch.
8.C.5.1.B
Analyze the impact of the Whiskey Rebellion and the presidential authority to enforce federal law.
8.C.5.1.C
Examine Washington’s attempt to develop a cohesive American Indian policy through treaties, assimilation, and the deline...
8.C.5.1.D
Explain the intent and impact of Washington’s decision not to seek a third term in office.
8.C.5.1.E
Read and discuss Washington’s advice as expressed in his Farewell Address regarding political factions, foreign alliance...
8.C.5.2
Evaluate the impact of the Alien and Sedition Acts on individual rights during the Adams Administration, including the r...
8.C.6
Analyze the political, constitutional, and geographic changes that occurred during the Jeffersonian Era.
8.C.6.1
Explain issues surrounding the electoral process of the presidential election of 1800, its resolution by the 12th Amendm...
8.C.6.2
Analyze the exercise of the Supreme Court’s authority under the leadership of Chief John Marshall by explaining how the ...
8.C.6.3
Examine the policies of President Thomas Jefferson by describing significant decisions to
8.C.6.3.A
promote a western expansionist policy through the acquisition of the Louisiana Territory and authorization of the Lewis ...
8.C.6.3.B
initiate the process of Tribal removals and the eventual establishment of Indian Territory.
8.C.6.3.C
implement the Embargo Act to defend the nation's industries from British threats and stimulate manufacturing.
8.C.7
Examine the political, economic and social transformations during the “Era of Good Feelings.”
8.C.7.1
Analyze how the War of 1812 confirmed the independence of the United States of America.
8.C.7.1.A
Summarize the causes of the war, including British trade restrictions and impressment.
8.C.7.1.B
Explain how the war fueled a spirit of nationalism, reflected in the lyrics of the national anthem.
8.C.7.1.C
Describe how the Era of Good Feelings was marked by a sense of nationalism and patriotism.
8.C.7.2
Examine the Monroe Doctrine as a policy of isolationism which was designed to protect the United States of America’s int...
8.C.7.3
Analyze the impact of McCulloch v. Maryland which established federal supremacy concerning taxation.
8.C.7.4
Examine the increased tension between Southern sectionalist and Northern nationalist perspectives toward the expansion o...
8.C.7.5
Analyze congress’ attempt to balance sectional interests and political power, by describing the impact of the Missouri C...
8.C.8
Examine the political, economic and social transformations of the Jacksonian Era.
8.C.8.1
Describe the factors that led to the election of President Andrew Jackson, including state laws expanding white male suf...
8.C.8.2
Analyze the impact of the Nullification Crisis on the development of the states’ rights debate.
8.C.8.2.A
Explain how provisions of the Constitution (Supremacy Clause; Article III) addressed the theoretical right to reject fed...
8.C.8.2.B
Describe President Jackson’s reaction to the crisis, based on his fear of secession and destruction of the Union.
8.C.8.2.C
Examine how the Nullification Crisis illustrated the growing tensions between sections of the nation and the public.
8.C.8.3
Analyze the impact of President Andrew Jackson’s policies concerning American Indian Nations and their sovereignty durin...
8.C.8.3.A
Explain the federal government’s inconsistent adherence to treaties with Tribal Nations and the political pressures from...
8.C.8.3.B
Examine the Supreme Court’s Decision in Worcester v. Georgia and analyze the constitutional conflict between federal aut...
8.C.8.3.C
Analyze how President Andrew Jackson supported state authority in conflicts with Tribal governments and how this positio...
8.C.8.3.D
Describe the resistance of Tribal Nations to removal policies and encroachment onto Tribal lands, including legal challe...
8.C.8.3.E
Explain the series of forced removals of Tribal citizens from their homelands to Indian Territory, often referred to as ...
8.C.8.3.F
Evaluate differing perspectives among Native and American leaders regarding removal policies, including the views of Che...
8.C.9
Examine the political, economic, social, and geographic changes that occurred during the period of westward movement.
8.C.9.1
Examine multiple perspectives on the justification for and impact on westward expansion and analyze the influence of imm...
8.C.9.1.A
Explain how the fur trade provided economic incentive for early exploration of the West including the crucial role playe...
8.C.9.1.B
Define the concept of Manifest Destiny including its belief in the inevitable spread of American institutions (e.g., rel...
8.C.9.1.C
Explain how the idea of Manifest Destiny influenced migration by identifying push and pull factors impacting the settlem...
8.C.9.1.D
Analyze the impact of the waves of immigration from Northern Europe on settlement patterns.
8.C.9.1.E
Analyze Alexis de Tocqueville’s claim regarding the concept of American exceptionalism and identify ways in which Americ...
8.C.9.2
Analyze the territorial growth of the United States of America and the consequences of westward expansion.
8.C.9.2.A
Summarize the series of events and the processes used to annex Texas, as well as acquire the Mexican Cession and the Gad...
8.C.9.2.B
Describe the impact of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo on Mexican Americans (e.g., United States of America citizenship,...
8.C.9.2.C
Describe the continued political pressure to maintain a balance of free and slave states.
8.C.9.2.D
Compare the motivations and experiences of individuals and groups who seized opportunities of the West, including those ...
8.C.9.2.E
Describe the impact of westward migration on American Indian culture, homelands, Tribal sovereignty, and the growing sec...
8.P.1
Apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.
8.P.1.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real- world problems.
8.P.1.1.A
Analyze why the acknowledgement of different perspectives can contribute to civil discourse and solutions to civic issue...
8.P.1.1.B
Apply a range of deliberative and democratic procedures to discuss, make decisions, and propose action about real-world ...
8.P.1.1.C
Use information to analyze how a specific problem can manifest itself in regional and global issues, describing options ...
8.P.1.2
Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.
8.P.1.2.A
Investigate and propose answers to essential questions representing complex enduring issues across the social studies di...
8.P.1.2.B
Answer supporting questions related to social studies content knowledge and make connections to different interpretation...
8.P.1.2.C
Develop deeper critical thinking skills by questioning assumptions and identifying inconsistencies or errors in reasonin...
8.P.1.2.D
Demonstrate understanding of social studies content through the development of self-driven inquiries and the completion ...
8.P.2
Use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.
8.P.2.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibili...
8.P.2.1.A
Compare and analyze civic virtues and democratic principles in historic and global settings, explaining how they influen...
8.P.2.1.B
Compare the powers and responsibilities of the United States of America’s government to other forms of government, inclu...
8.P.2.1.C
Examine the impact of constitutions, laws, treaties, and international agreements on the limits of government, including...
8.P.2.2
Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.
8.P.2.2.A
Gather and draw conclusions from sources of evidence, identifying plausible author, occasion, audience, purpose, and pos...
8.P.2.2.B
Describe multiple factors and explain how they can influence the perspectives of individuals and groups on events from h...
8.P.2.2.C
Distinguish multiple causation, including immediate versus long-term cause-effect relationships; construct timelines of ...
8.P.2.3
Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on th...
8.P.2.3.A
Answer geographic questions and conduct investigations by acquiring, organizing, and interpreting information about the ...
8.P.2.3.B
Use multiple mapping techniques, data visuals, satellite images, and geographic technology to analyze spatial patterns o...
8.P.2.3.C
Explain how the environment affects cultural patterns and historical events, providing opportunities and challenges for ...
8.P.2.4
Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, na...
8.P.2.4.A
Analyze, interpret, and compare economic data from multiple charts and graphs.
8.P.2.4.B
Identify different types of economic systems, comparing advantages and disadvantages for citizens and the growth of a na...
8.P.2.4.C
Explain how technology and trade impact standard of living and economic interdependence, using historical or contemporar...
8.P.3
Engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.
8.P.3.1
Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.
8.P.3.1.A
Paraphrase the main idea and cite evidence from primary and secondary sources; provide an accurate summary of a source d...
8.P.3.1.B
Integrate the use of visual information (e.g., maps, charts, photographs, videos, political cartoons, artwork) with text...
8.P.3.2
Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspec...
8.P.3.2.A
Analyze works written on the same topic and compare methods the authors use to achieve similar or different purposes.
8.P.3.2.B
Evaluate textual evidence to determine whether a claim is substantiated.
8.P.3.2.C
Engage in collaborative discussions about information presented in social studies texts, expressing ideas clearly while ...
8.P.4
Develop a variety of evidence-based written products designed for multiple purposes.
8.P.4.1
Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presen...
8.P.4.1.A
Compose informative essays and other written products using and citing evidence (e.g. facts, examples, details) from mul...
8.P.4.1.B
Compose argumentative written products by introducing a claim, recognizing an opposing viewpoint, and organizing evidenc...
8.P.4.2
Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.
8.P.4.2.A
Refine and formulate viable research questions related to social studies investigations, using well- developed theses or...
8.P.4.2.B
Quote, paraphrase, and summarize findings, avoiding plagiarism.
8.P.4.2.C
Organize and create presentations or products using research from a variety of formats and encompassing different points...

High School

AWH.C.10.1
Explain the origins of iconoclasm and the schism between Orthodoxy and Catholicism in 1054.
AWH.C.10.2
Examine how William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings established the French- speaking Normans as rulers of Englan...
AWH.C.10.3
Describe political developments in medieval Europe from the Norman Conquest to the Mongol Invasions, including the
AWH.C.10.3.A
development of English Common Law, including Henry II’s consolidation of royal power, reorganization of the judicial sys...
AWH.C.10.3.B
partial disintegration of the Holy Roman Empire and the rise of independent city-states in Italy and Germany
AWH.C.10.3.C
consequences of the European Crusades in the 11th to 13th centuries, including the Fourth Crusade, the Crusader conquest...
AWH.C.10.3.D
divergence of Russia from Western Europe (e.g., Orthodox Christianity, Baltic Crusades, the Mongol Yoke).
AWH.C.10.4
Analyze the origins, meanings, immediate effects, and legacy of the Magna Carta.
AWH.C.10.5
Examine religious, intellectual, cultural, technological, and economic developments in medieval Europe from the Norman C...
AWH.C.10.5.A
Describe the clash between papacy and empire with regards to the development of law.
AWH.C.10.5.B
Identify the growing influence of universities, Roman law, canon law, and Scholasticism.
AWH.C.10.5.C
Describe significant aspects of medieval culture, including architecture. music, art, and literature.
AWH.C.10.5.D
Explain the emergence of a modern economy, the growth of commerce, towns, and a merchant class.
AWH.C.10.5.E
Identify technological and agricultural improvements (e.g., plough, windmills, watermills).
AWH.C.10.5.F
Describe military improvements (e.g., mounted knight and fortifications).
AWH.C.10.5.G
Evaluate the impact of Marco Polo’s travels to India and China.
AWH.C.1.1
Identify sites in Africa where archaeologists have found evidence of the origins of modern human beings and summarize th...
AWH.C.11.1
Explain the significance of Indian and Chinese civilizations from 1000-1500 (e.g., the expansion of Islam into India, De...
AWH.C.11.2
Describe the rise and fall of the Mughal Empire, including important political, economic, and cultural aspects of early ...
AWH.C.11.3
Examine the significant political, economic, and cultural aspects of the history of the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties (...
AWH.C.11.4
Examine the influence of the Mali Empire, with attention to the role Timbuktu played in control over West African trade ...
AWH.C.1.2
Analyze the geographical and environmental factors that encouraged human communities to organize into complex states.
AWH.C.12.1
Describe internal divisions and impact on the Roman Catholic Church during the Avignon Papacy, the Great Schism, and the...
AWH.C.12.2
Explain developments in medieval English legal and constitutional history and their importance in the rise of modern ins...
AWH.C.12.3
Assess the economic and social effects of the spread of the Black Death on society.
AWH.C.12.4
Describe the major events and lasting effects of the Hundred Years War, including the influence of Henry V and Joan of A...
AWH.C.12.5
Examine the sack of Constantinople in 1453 and its consequences, describing why the event is considered a turning point ...
AWH.C.12.6
Examine transformations in medieval society.
AWH.C.12.6.A
Identify major developments in banking, manufacturing at scale, and international trade.
AWH.C.12.6.B
Describe the impact of innovations, such as the compass, gunpowder, and Wootz steel.
AWH.C.1.3
Describe the characteristics of the hunter-gatherer societies (e.g., use of tools and fire, hunting weapons, physical ad...
AWH.C.1.4
Explain the importance of the invention of metallurgy (bronze and iron) for the development of weapons and tools.
AWH.C.1.5
Describe how the development of agriculture (the cultivation of crops and the domestication of animals) related to settl...
AWH.C.1.6
Identify the major characteristics of civilizations (e.g., geographic boundaries and political institutions, economies t...
AWH.C.2.1
Locate on a historical map the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, identifying Sumer, Babylon, and Assyria as successive civili...
AWH.C.2.2
Describe the basic religious belief of polytheism, as practiced by Mesopotamian civilizations.
AWH.C.2.3
Explain how irrigation, metalsmithing, wage labor, the domestication of animals, and inventions contributed to the growt...
AWH.C.2.4
Describe the important achievements of Mesopotamian civilization (e.g., system of writing and its importance in record k...
AWH.C.2.5
Assess the influence and legacy of Hammurabi, including the basic principles of justice associated with Hammurabi’s Code...
AWH.C.3.1
Locate on a historical map of the Mediterranean region ancient Nubia and Egypt, including Upper and Lower Egypt.
AWH.C.3.2
Identify the social and economic characteristics of ancient Nubia (Kingdom of Kush) including its lucrative trade in iro...
AWH.C.3.3
Explain the role of pharaoh, the concept of dynasties, Egyptian conquests, the relationship of pharaohs to other social ...
AWH.C.3.4
Examine the polytheistic religion of ancient Egypt with respect to beliefs about the afterlife, as well as Akhenaten’s a...
AWH.C.3.5
Summarize important achievements of Egyptian civilization (e.g., agricultural system, invention of a calendar, monumenta...
AWH.C.4.1
Locate on a map of the ancient Mediterranean world the center of Levantine civilizations and describe the role of Levant...
AWH.C.4.2
Identify the Phoenicians as the successors to the Minoans in dominating maritime trade in the Mediterranean and describe...
AWH.C.4.3
Describe the Phoenician settlement of Carthage circa 900 BC, the expansion of Carthaginian economic and political power ...
AWH.C.5.1
Locate on a historical map of the Mediterranean, the kingdoms of the Hittites and ancient Israel.
AWH.C.5.2
Examine Judaism and its primary beliefs (e.g., monotheism, emphasis on ritual, individual worth and responsibility, adhe...
AWH.C.5.3
Describe the unification of the tribes of Israel under Kings Saul, David, and Solomon, including David’s founding of Jer...
AWH.C.5.4
Examine the Assyrian and Babylonian conquests of Israel and Judah, the Babylonian Exile, the return to Israel, and the e...
AWH.C.5.5
Explain the expulsion/dispersion of the Jews to other lands (Diaspora) after the destruction of the second temple in Jer...
AWH.C.6.1
Locate on a historical map of the Mediterranean area, Ancient Greece, tracing the extent of its influence to 300 BC, inc...
AWH.C.6.2
Explain how the geographical location of Athens and other city-states contributed to their role in maritime trade, colon...
AWH.C.6.3
Analyze why the government of ancient Athens is considered the beginning of democratic government, by explaining the pol...
AWH.C.6.4
Describe the lasting impact of major accomplishments of the ancient Greeks.
AWH.C.6.4.A
Greek institutions: the lyceum, the gymnasium, the Library of Alexandria
AWH.C.6.4.B
Mathematics: Pythagoras and Euclid
AWH.C.6.4.C
Medicine: Hippocrates
AWH.C.6.4.D
Science and Engineering: Archimedes, Ptolemy
AWH.C.6.4.E
History, Poetry, Drama: Herodotus, Homer, Aeschylus
AWH.C.6.4.F
Language: development of a complete alphabet, ancestor of the Latin alphabet.
AWH.C.6.5
Analyze the causes, course, and consequences of the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars, including the significance of Pericl...
AWH.C.6.6
Describe the rise of Alexander the Great and the spread of Greek culture, evaluating major contributions of Hellenistic ...
AWH.C.7.1
Locate on a historical map ancient Rome, tracing the changing boundaries of the Roman Republic and Empire from 500 BC to...
AWH.C.7.10
Explain the contribution of Roman civilization to law, literature, architecture, engineering, and technology, including ...
AWH.C.7.2
Explain the rise of the Roman Republic and the role of historical figures in Roman history, including Brutus, Cincinnatu...
AWH.C.7.3
Examine the government of the Roman Republic and its contribution to the development of republican self-government (e.g....
AWH.C.7.4
Analyze the influence of Greek civilization on Roman art, literature, society, and government.
AWH.C.7.5
Describe the collapse of the Roman Republic from the agrarian reform law of Tiberius Gracchus to the establishment of Ju...
AWH.C.7.6
Explain the reasons for the growth and longevity of the Roman Empire (e.g., military organization, tactics, conquests, f...
AWH.C.7.7
Examine the early expansion of Christianity, including the relationship of early Christians, Jews, and officials of the ...
AWH.C.7.8
Explain how internal forces (e.g., the rise of autonomous military powers, political corruption, and economic and politi...
AWH.C.7.9
Describe the Sack of Rome, fall of the Western Roman Empire, and the establishment of Germanic kingdoms (e.g., Ostrogoth...
AWH.C.8.1
Describe the origins of Indian civilizations such as those of the Indus Valley, the evolution and central principles of ...
AWH.C.8.2
Explain the origins and significant aspects of Buddhism, including the life and teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, the evo...
AWH.C.8.3
Describe important political, economic, and cultural aspects of Indian history, including the Maurya and Kushan Empires,...
AWH.C.8.4
Explain the origins of Shintoism and its central feature of ritual practices carried out with discipline to maintain con...
AWH.C.8.5
Examine significant aspects of Confucian philosophy and its role in the continuity of Chinese civilization, focusing on ...
AWH.C.8.6
Assess the significance and legacy of political, economic, and cultural aspects of the Qin, Han, and Tang dynasties (e.g...
AWH.C.8.7
Analyze the emergence of complex, interregional networks of trade throughout Afro-Eurasia and how trade networks led to ...
AWH.C.8.8
Explain the significance of the Aksum Kingdom to the region of North Africa, including its role as a center for trade be...
AWH.C.9.1
Describe the preservation of Greek and Roman traditions, the Code of Justinian, and the construction of the Church of th...
AWH.C.9.2
Explain the growth and influence of Christianity and the Catholic Church in medieval society, including the significance...
AWH.C.9.3
Examine the founding and central features of Islam.
AWH.C.9.4
Describe the impact and legacy of Islam and the Islamic empire, including discoveries in science and mathematics, the sp...
AWH.C.9.5
Analyze the Latin West following the fall of the Roman Empire.
AWH.C.9.5.A
Explain the structure of feudal society and its economic, political, and social effects, including the differing orders ...
AWH.C.9.5.B
Describe the rise of Frankish kings, including the roles of Charles Martel and Charlemagne, and the establishment of the...
AWH.C.9.5.C
Trace the rise of Anglo-Saxon England, the Danish invasions, and the influence of Alfred the Great.
AWH.C.9.5.D
Describe Scandinavian raids and conquests (e.g.,Vikings), explorations (e.g., Iceland, Greenland, Vinland), and state-bu...
AWH.P.1.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real- world problems.
AWH.P.1.1.A
Evaluate the impact of perspectives, civil discourse, and democratic principles on addressing civic issues.
AWH.P.1.1.B
Engage in a range of deliberative and democratic processes to develop strategies to address authentic, real-world proble...
AWH.P.1.1.C
Gather and evaluate information regarding complex problems, assessing individual and collective actions taken to address...
AWH.P.1.2
Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.
AWH.P.1.2.A
Develop, investigate, and evaluate plausible answers to essential questions that reflect enduring understandings across ...
AWH.P.1.2.B
Evaluate points of agreement and disagreement from reliable information and expert interpretations used to answer suppor...
AWH.P.1.2.C
Reinforce critical thinking by evaluating and challenging ideas and assumptions, analyzing and explaining inconsistencie...
AWH.P.1.2.D
Demonstrate understanding of content through the development of self-driven inquiries and the completion of multi-staged...
AWH.P.2.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibili...
AWH.P.2.1.A
Evaluate various significant documents from the United States of America and other nations to compare civic virtues and ...
AWH.P.2.1.B
Evaluate the impact of the structure and powers exercised by governmental systems on public policy, using historical and...
AWH.P.2.1.C
Analyze the impact of constitutions, laws, treaties, and international agreements, by comparing how various governmental...
AWH.P.2.2
Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.
AWH.P.2.2.A
Gather and evaluate the usefulness of various formats of evidence for specific inquiry, analyzing the broader historical...
AWH.P.2.2.B
Analyze complex and interacting factors that influence multiple perspectives during different historical eras and contem...
AWH.P.2.2.C
Evaluate how multiple, complex events are shaped by unique circumstances of time and place; construct and interpret para...
AWH.P.2.3
Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on th...
AWH.P.2.3.A
Actively engage in asking and answering geographic questions by acquiring, organizing, and analyzing multiple sources of...
AWH.P.2.3.B
Compare and analyze complex maps and mapping technologies to analyze spatial patterns of human and physical environments...
AWH.P.2.3.C
Evaluate the extent to which political and economic decisions have had significant impact on human and physical environm...
AWH.P.2.4
Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, na...
AWH.P.2.4.A
Evaluate economic data from charts and graphs, noting trends and making predictions.
AWH.P.2.4.B
Construct arguments using a combination of evidence regarding solutions used by nations to address historical or contemp...
AWH.P.2.4.C
Evaluate the impact, both intended and unintended, of government policies on market outcomes at national and global leve...
AWH.P.3.1
Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.
AWH.P.3.1.A
Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, evaluating features such as author,...
AWH.P.3.1.B
Analyze information from visual, oral, digital, and interactive texts (e.g., maps, charts, images, political cartoons, v...
AWH.P.3.2
Students will apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex tex...
AWH.P.3.2.A
Evaluate the extent to which historical or cultural perspectives affect an author’s stated or implied purpose.
AWH.P.3.2.B
Evaluate the author’s point of view, potential bias, and how authors can reach different conclusions regarding the same ...
AWH.P.3.2.C
Actively listen, evaluate, and analyze a speaker’s message, asking questions while engaged in collaborative discussions ...
AWH.P.4.1
Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presen...
AWH.P.4.1.A
Compose informative essays and written products, developing a thesis, citing and incorporating evidence from multiple so...
AWH.P.4.1.B
Compose argumentative written products, including a precise claim as distinguished from opposing claims, organizing logi...
AWH.P.4.2
Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.
AWH.P.4.2.A
Develop self-generated theses or claims related to independent research and investigations using credible and relevant s...
AWH.P.4.2.B
Integrate quotes and summaries of research findings into written products while avoiding plagiarism.
AWH.P.4.2.C
Construct presentations or products for a designated audience, using research and reasoning to enhance understanding of ...
E.C.1
Develop and apply economic reasoning and decision-making skills.
E.C.10
Identify the potential economic impact of government policy.
E.C.10.1
Compare fiscal and monetary policy and evaluate the impact each has on economic growth, employment, and price stability.
E.C.10.2
Explain how changes in federal spending and taxation can affect budget deficits, surpluses, and the national debt, and d...
E.C.10.3
Analyze the costs and benefits of government economic policies, including how political and social goals may influence e...
E.C.10.4
Describe the organization and functions of the Federal Reserve System, including its role in promoting price stability, ...
E.C.10.5
Analyze how the Federal Reserve uses monetary policy tools (e.g., changes in the discount rate, reserve requirements, mo...
E.C.1.1
Define and explain basic economic concepts (e.g., scarcity, surplus, opportunity cost, cost/benefit analysis, risk/rewar...
E.C.11
Analyze how international trade affects the economies of nations.
E.C.11.1
Explain how trade among individuals, regions, and nations reflects voluntary exchange and specialization.
E.C.11.2
Define and distinguish between absolute and comparative advantages and explain how these concepts influence trade.
E.C.11.3
Describe common trade barriers (e.g., tariffs and quotas) and evaluate arguments for and against their use.
E.C.11.4
Explain how exchange rates affect international trade and purchasing power.
E.C.1.2
Determine appropriate courses of economic actions by applying principles such as scarcity, opportunity cost, incentives,...
E.C.1.3
Explain how productive resources (natural, human, capital) are necessary to produce goods and services.
E.C.1.4
Examine how producers and consumers respond to scarcity by making choices involving opportunity costs and tradeoffs.
E.C.1.5
Describe how incentives influence behavior and how individual decisions are shaped by subjective preferences.
E.C.1.6
Explain how voluntary exchange occurs when all parties expect to benefit and how trade contributes to mutual gain and ov...
E.C.2
Evaluate how societies answer basic economic questions.
E.C.2.1
Compare traditional, market (free enterprise), command, and mixed economic systems, and explain how each addresses the t...
E.C.2.2
Describe how comparative and absolute advantage influence specialization and trade in answering the three basic economic...
E.C.2.3
Explain how clearly defined and enforced property rights and rule of law support the functioning of market economies.
E.C.2.4
Explain the costs and benefits of government fiduciary policy and regulations including the impact both have on competit...
E.C.3
Explain how prices are set in a market economy and will determine how price provides incentives to buyers and sellers.
E.C.3.1
Analyze how price and non-price factors affect the demand and supply of goods and services available in the marketplace.
E.C.3.2
Explain what causes shortages and surpluses (e.g., government-imposed price floors, price ceilings, and other government...
E.C.3.3
Explain ways that firms engage in competition and examine the role of firms in setting prices in a market economy, inclu...
E.C.3.4
Compare the basic characteristics of market structures, including monopoly, oligopoly, and competitive markets, and anal...
E.C.3.5
Evaluate the role of the government within the economy as it relates to defining, establishing, and enforcing property r...
E.C.3.6
Explain how competition impacts market production and the allocation of goods and services to consumers.
E.C.3.7
Explain how people’s own self-interest, incentives, and disincentives influence market decisions.
E.C.4
Describe the role of economic institutions and government in a market economy.
E.C.4.1
Evaluate the impact of the government's protection of private property rights and enforcement of the rule of law in a ma...
E.C.4.2
Describe the purpose, costs, and benefits of government funded services.
E.C.4.3
Describe how financial institutions, such as banks and credit unions, allow people to pool their incomes and provide fut...
E.C.4.4
Explain how commercial banks expand and contract the money supply through lending, repayment of loans, and reserve requi...
E.C.5
Examine the origin, function, and evolution of money and monetary systems within modern economies, including trading, bo...
E.C.5.1
Explain the emergence of money as a solution to the limitations of barter and describe its evolution from commodity mone...
E.C.5.2
Explain how individuals, businesses, and the overall economy benefits from the various uses of money (e.g., trading, bor...
E.C.5.3
Identify the characteristics (e.g., divisibility, durability, acceptability, scarcity, portability) and functions (e.g.,...
E.C.5.4
Define inflation as a sustained increase in the general price level and explain its relationship to changes in the money...
E.C.6
Evaluate how interest rates impact decisions in the market economy.
E.C.6.1
Analyze the relationship between interest rates and inflation rates to both the borrower and the lender
E.C.6.2
Determine how changes in real interest rates impact people’s decisions to borrow money and purchase goods in a market ec...
E.C.7
Analyze the role of entrepreneurs and laborers within a market economy.
E.C.7.1
Define the roles of entrepreneurs and laborers in production of goods and services, including how entrepreneurs organize...
E.C.7.2
Evaluate the role of labor in the economy, explaining how worker productivity influences wages and employment relationsh...
E.C.7.3
Describe how decisions made by an entrepreneur and a laborer affect job opportunities for others (e.g., profit-maximizin...
E.C.7.4
Explain the function of profit as a reward for risk-taking and as a signal guiding entrepreneurial decision-making and r...
E.C.7.5
Analyze the potential risks and gains to entrepreneurs establishing new businesses or inventing a new product.
E.C.7.6
Evaluate the costs and benefits of incorporation including the expansion of resources and reduction of risks.
E.C.7.7
Analyze the role of labor unions and collective bargaining in market economies, examining how workers organize to negoti...
E.C.8
Examine the impact of the global economy on domestic conditions within the United States of America’s economy.
E.C.8.1
Describe how current economic conditions can be affected by many factors (e.g., unemployment, Consumer Price Index (CPI)...
E.C.8.2
Explain how economic conditions, including supply and demand, have an impact on consumers, producers, and government pol...
E.C.8.3
Explain that prices in a market economy act as signals of relative scarcity and help coordinate decisions of producers a...
E.C.8.4
Describe the causes and different types of unemployment, how unemployment is measured, and the impact of unemployment on...
E.C.9
Identify the basic measures of a nation’s economic output and income.
E.C.9.1
Examine the differences between the nominal and the real GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and explain how GDP and GNP (Gross...
E.C.9.2
Describe the impact on the economy when GDP and GNP are growing versus declining.
E.C.9.3
Evaluate the impact of self-interest, competition, collusion, technological advancement, standard of living, the busines...
E.P.1
Apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.
E.P.1.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real- world problems.
E.P.1.1.A
Evaluate the impact of perspectives, civil discourse, and democratic principles on addressing civic issues.
E.P.1.1.B
Engage in a range of deliberative and democratic processes to develop strategies to address authentic, real-world proble...
E.P.1.1.C
Gather and evaluate information regarding complex problems, assessing individual and collective actions taken to address...
E.P.1.2
Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.
E.P.1.2.A
Develop, investigate, and evaluate plausible answers to essential questions that reflect enduring understandings across ...
E.P.1.2.B
Evaluate points of agreement and disagreement from reliable information and expert interpretations used to answer suppor...
E.P.1.2.C
Reinforce critical thinking by evaluating and challenging ideas and assumptions, analyzing and explaining inconsistencie...
E.P.1.2.D
Demonstrate understanding of content through the development of self-driven inquiries and the completion of multi-staged...
E.P.2
Use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.
E.P.2.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibili...
E.P.2.1.A
Evaluate various significant documents from the United States of America and other nations to compare civic virtues and ...
E.P.2.1.B
Evaluate the impact of the structure and powers exercised by governmental systems on public policy, using historical and...
E.P.2.1.C
Analyze the impact of constitutions, laws, treaties, and international agreements, by comparing how various governmental...
E.P.2.2
Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.
E.P.2.2.A
Gather and evaluate the usefulness of various formats of evidence for specific inquiry, analyzing the broader historical...
E.P.2.2.B
Analyze complex and interacting factors that influence multiple perspectives during different historical eras and contem...
E.P.2.2.C
Evaluate how multiple, complex events are shaped by unique circumstances of time and place; construct and interpret para...
E.P.2.3
Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on th...
E.P.2.3.A
Actively engage in asking and answering geographic questions by acquiring, organizing, and analyzing multiple sources of...
E.P.2.3.B
Compare and analyze complex maps and mapping technologies to analyze spatial patterns of human and physical environments...
E.P.2.3.C
Evaluate the extent to which political and economic decisions have had significant impact on human and physical environm...
E.P.2.4
Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, na...
E.P.2.4.A
Evaluate economic data from charts and graphs, noting trends and making predictions.
E.P.2.4.B
Construct arguments using a combination of evidence regarding solutions used by nations to address historical or contemp...
E.P.2.4.C
Evaluate the impact, both intended and unintended, of government policies on market outcomes at national and global leve...
E.P.3
Engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.
E.P.3.1
Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.
E.P.3.1.A
Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, evaluating features such as author,...
E.P.3.1.B
Analyze information from visual, oral, digital, and interactive texts (e.g., maps, charts, images, political cartoons, v...
E.P.3.2
Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspec...
E.P.3.2.A
Evaluate the extent to which historical or cultural perspectives affect an author’s stated or implied purpose.
E.P.3.2.B
Evaluate the author’s point of view, potential bias, and how authors can reach different conclusions regarding the same ...
E.P.3.2.C
Actively listen, evaluate, and analyze a speaker’s message, asking questions while engaged in collaborative discussions ...
E.P.4
Develop a variety of evidence-based written products designed for multiple purposes.
E.P.4.1
Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presen...
E.P.4.1.A
Compose informative essays and written products, developing a thesis, citing and incorporating evidence from multiple so...
E.P.4.1.B
Compose argumentative written products, including a precise claim as distinguished from opposing claims, organizing logi...
E.P.4.2
Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.
E.P.4.2.A
Develop self-generated theses or claims related to independent research and investigations using credible and relevant s...
E.P.4.2.B
Integrate quotes and summaries of research findings into written products while avoiding plagiarism.
E.P.4.2.C
Construct presentations or products for a designated audience, using research and reasoning to enhance understanding of ...
MWH.C.1
Analyze the impact of the patterns of ancient political, economic, and cultural development.
MWH.C.1.1
Analyze the influence of religious, political, and philosophical ideas on society.
MWH.C.1.1.A
Compare the origins and spread of the world’s major religions and philosophies, including Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, C...
MWH.C.1.1.B
Describe ancient Mesopotamia’s Code of Hammurabi as one of the earliest legal codes.
MWH.C.1.1.C
Explain ancient Athens’ experience with direct democracy and identify modern political principles which developed in anc...
MWH.C.1.1.D
Evaluate the contributions of the Roman civilization to law and government by describing the Roman Republic’s developmen...
MWH.C.1.1.E
Compare the impact of Greek and Roman philosophers (e.g., Plato, Aristotle and Cicero) including their lasting influence...
MWH.C.1.1.F
Examine the influence of Christian moral and legal traditions on the development of Western legal systems.
MWH.C.1.1.G
Describe the contributions of the Byzantine Empire, including the significance of the Justinian Code.
MWH.C.1.1.H
Describe the feudal system’s influence on European society and government.
MWH.C.1.2
Explain how geographical and environmental factors impacted settlement and cultural development.
MWH.C.1.2.A
Explain different ways in which societies interact across regions (e.g., trade, exploration, colonization) resulting in ...
MWH.C.1.2.B
Describe the institution of slavery prior to the 15th century as a widespread result of warfare and economic practices.
MWH.C.2
Analyze patterns of social, economic, political, and cultural changes during the Late Middle Ages to the Age of Explorat...
MWH.C.2.1
Describe the impact of medieval English legal and constitutional practices, as established in the Magna Carta, on the ri...
MWH.C.2.2
Assess the origins and the significance of the Italian Renaissance and the revival of classical learning.
MWH.C.2.2.A
Examine intellectual development and advances (i.e., vernacular literature and expanded literacy, the arts, engineering,...
MWH.C.2.2.B
Describe how humanism furthered the values of republicanism, liberty, and individualism.
MWH.C.2.3
Summarize the causes of and influence of the theological movements of the Reformation and how those movements subsequent...
MWH.C.2.3.A
Explain reasons for the growing discontent with the Catholic Church, including the main ideas of Martin Luther and John ...
MWH.C.2.3.B
Explain new ways of disseminating information, such as Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press and the translation o...
MWH.C.2.3.C
Describe tensions between religious and secular authorities contributing to the English Reformation.
MWH.C.2.3.D
Trace the spread of Protestantism across Europe, including Lutherans, Reformed (Calvinist) Church of England, Anabaptist...
MWH.C.2.3.E
Explain the purposes and policies of the Catholic Counter-Reformation.
MWH.C.2.4
Evaluate the legacy of the Scientific Revolution on society, focusing on major theories and discoveries.
MWH.C.2.4.A
Explain how the scientific method and new technologies, such as the telescope and microscope, led to new theories of the...
MWH.C.2.4.B
Describe the accomplishments of major figures of the Scientific Revolution (e.g., Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, ...
MWH.C.2.5
Analyze migration, settlement patterns, and the impact on indigenous peoples caused by a competition among European nati...
MWH.C.2.5.A
Explain the economic and religious motivations that prompted European exploratory expeditions into the Western Hemispher...
MWH.C.2.5.B
Examine how the Doctrine of Discovery was used to legitimize European colonization of lands and Indigenous peoples.
MWH.C.2.5.C
Explain how the origins of modern capitalism and mercantilism in Europe impacted international trading patterns, prompti...
MWH.C.2.5.D
Describe the major economic and cultural effects of the Columbian Exchange and explain how the enslavement of Indigenous...
MWH.C.2.5.E
Explain how overseas expansion led to the development of the trans-Atlantic slave trade.
MWH.C.3
Analyze developments in politics, science, and philosophy contributing to human advancement and the rise of modern insti...
MWH.C.3.1
Compare theories and forms of government regarding sources of authority and legitimacy.
MWH.C.3.1.A
Distinguish between limited and unlimited forms of government, including the role of the citizen and the concept of indi...
MWH.C.3.1.B
Examine the Dynastic Cycle (Chinese Mandate of Heaven) by explaining its principle that virtuous rulers are bestowed pow...
MWH.C.3.1.C
Describe the theory of Absolutism which supports the exercise of unlimited power according to an inherited divine right ...
MWH.C.3.1.D
Examine rule by enlightened monarchs and how the ideas of the Enlightenment tempered Absolutism (e.g., Joseph II, Freder...
MWH.C.3.1.E
Analyze government's source of authority under a constitutional monarchy by explaining how and why powers are limited by...
MWH.C.3.2
Explain England’s response to Absolutism in Europe, which influenced global thoughts on self-government.
MWH.C.3.2.A
Identify the causes, essential events, and effects of the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution.
MWH.C.3.2.B
Examine the development of parliamentary sovereignty, constitutional mixed government, and liberty in England, including...
MWH.C.3.2.C
Describe England’s fiscal, commercial, and technological innovations, including the culture of trade, England’s military...
MWH.C.3.3
Analyze the impact of the Enlightenment on modern government and economic institutions.
MWH.C.3.3.A
Explain how the major ideas of enlightened philosophy influenced the concepts of natural rights and consent of the gover...
MWH.C.3.3.B
Describe the contributions of major Enlightenment thinkers (e.g., Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau), contrasting t...
MWH.C.3.3.C
Examine the impact of Adam Smith’s theories, as presented in The Wealth of Nations, on modern economic thought and free ...
MWH.C.4
Analyze the political, economic, and social transformations brought about by the events of the age of revolutions.
MWH.C.4.1
Analyze the complex political, social, and economic causes culminating in the French Revolution (e.g., influence of Enli...
MWH.C.4.1.A
Examine the influence of Enlightenment philosophy, economic conditions, the rising influence of the middle class, and th...
MWH.C.4.1.B
Trace the significant events of the French Revolution (e.g., convening of the Estates General, Tennis Court Oath, stormi...
MWH.C.4.1.C
Explain the major effects of the French Revolution (e.g., contribution to modern nationalism, political, economic, and c...
MWH.C.4.2
Explain how the intellectual thoughts of the American and French Revolutions regarding self-rule inspired revolutionary ...
MWH.C.4.3
Describe the legacy of the Napoleonic Wars including an accelerated rise of nationalism across Europe, Britain’s role in...
MWH.C.4.4
Describe the common conditions (e.g., widespread protests and demands of working class; poverty and mass starvation) and...
MWH.C.5
Analyze the massive social, economic, and cultural change brought about by the Industrial Revolution.
MWH.C.5.1
Examine the causes and characteristics of the Industrial Revolution.
MWH.C.5.1.A
Explain how the Industrial Revolution began in England, including its access to natural resources and capital, entrepren...
MWH.C.5.1.B
Evaluate the extent to which the Second Agricultural Revolution and innovations in energy, mechanization, and transporta...
MWH.C.5.1.C
Describe the social and economic consequences of industrialization, such as population growth, increased life expectancy...
MWH.C.5.2
Analyze responses to and the legacy of the Industrial Revolution.
MWH.C.5.2.A
Examine how the abolition of slavery within the British Empire was influenced by Christian humanitarianism and examine t...
MWH.C.5.2.B
Explain the rise of trade unionism and the birth of the Labor Party, including the effects of various social and politic...
MWH.C.5.2.C
Examine the concept of economic interventionism (e.g., economic protectionism, child labor laws, legislation for old age...
MWH.C.5.2.D
Describe the rise of socialism, including the ideas and influence of Robert Owen and Karl Marx, as well as the major ide...
MWH.C.5.2.E
Describe the European intellectual revolution and the ideal of academic freedom, including leading figures (e.g., Marie ...
MWH.C.5.3
Evaluate the impact of industrialization on global imperialism.
MWH.C.5.3.A
Explain the economic, political, and social justifications supporting imperialist ideology and colonialism (e.g., Social...
MWH.C.5.3.B
Describe the consequences of imperialism in Asia, Africa, and the Americas, i ncluding settler colonies, exploitation of...
MWH.C.5.3.C
Describe the outcomes of the Berlin Conference and the impact of superimposed boundaries on Africa’s Indigenous populati...
MWH.C.5.3.D
Assess the political, economic, and cultural impact of the British Raj, Britain’s subordination of India, as characteriz...
MWH.C.5.3.E
Describe major developments contributing to the decline of the Qing dynasty, including Western influence, internal unres...
MWH.C.6
Evaluate the global transformation created by the World Wars.
MWH.C.6.1
Analyze the underlying causes and significant events of World War I.
MWH.C.6.1.A
Describe complex and multiple causes of World War I, including militarism, nationalism, industrial and colonial competit...
MWH.C.6.1.B
Summarize the significant events of World War I and why the conflict was considered a total war (e.g., use of industrial...
MWH.C.6.2
Evaluate the lasting effects of World War I.
MWH.C.6.2.A
Describe the economic destruction and unprecedented loss of life, including the Armenian genocide.
MWH.C.6.2.B
Explain post-war political instability (e.g., collapse of the Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian Empires).
MWH.C.6.2.C
Examine the immediate consequences of the Treaty of Versailles, including the “war guilt” clause, the establishment of E...
MWH.C.6.3
Analyze the causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution on global politics, social structures, human rights, and e...
MWH.C.6.3.A
Describe the growing political and social unrest under Czar Nicholas II and the collapse of the Romanov dynasty, exempli...
MWH.C.6.3.B
Summarize the consequences of Soviet communism, including the establishment of a one-party dictatorship under Lenin, gov...
MWH.C.6.3.C
Describe Stalin’s rise to power and establishment of a totalitarian regime, the use of mass terror during the Great Purg...
MWH.C.6.4
Analyze the economic, social, and political conditions that resulted in World War II.
MWH.C.6.4.A
Describe the various causes and consequences of the global economic collapse and evaluate how democratic and authoritari...
MWH.C.6.4.B
Explain how violations of the Treaty of Versailles and failure of the League of Nations, including unrealistic reparatio...
MWH.C.6.4.C
Evaluate the economic, social, and political conditions that allowed the rise of Fascist militarist regimes in Germany, ...
MWH.C.6.4.D
Identify the characteristics of fascism, including how such totalitarian regimes utilized propaganda, repressed dissenti...
MWH.C.6.5
Examine the significant events of World War II from a global perspective.
MWH.C.6.5.A
Describe aggression by the Axis powers (e.g., Italy's invasion of Ethiopia; Germany’s militarization, the Stalin-Hitler ...
MWH.C.6.5.B
Compare military campaigns in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific (e.g., Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, siege of L...
MWH.C.6.6
Examine the background, causes, series of events, and effects of the Shoah (Holocaust), the state-sponsored systematic p...
MWH.C.6.6.A
Trace the historical roots of antisemitism in Europe, including prejudice and the emergence of the 19th-century racial t...
MWH.C.6.6.B
Describe the National Socialist Party’s (Nazi) seizure of unchecked power, its dehumanization of the Jews and other vict...
MWH.C.6.6.C
Examine the effects of the Shoah through eyewitness accounts from victims, survivors, liberators, and perpetrators.
MWH.C.6.6.D
Summarize world responses including religious, political, and humanitarian resistance movements to the Shoah resulting i...
MWH.C.6.6.E
Describe efforts to avoid the abuse of human rights by examining the intent of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights...
MWH.C.7
Evaluate post-World War II regional events leading to the transformations of the modern world.
MWH.C.7.1
Evaluate the effects of World War II including the origins and escalation of the Cold War.
MWH.C.7.1.A
Explain the major consequences of World War II, including physical and economic destruction, civilian loss of life, mass...
MWH.C.7.1.B
Compare the ideological, political, and economic distinctions between the United States of America and Western bloc vers...
MWH.C.7.1.C
Explain how tensions escalated, fueled by the Berlin Blockade, Suez Canal Crisis, and subsequent uprisings by people in ...
MWH.C.7.1.D
Compare military power shifts caused by the war and a proliferation of nuclear armaments, describing the impact of trans...
MWH.C.7.2
Evaluate ongoing regional disputes of the Middle East.
MWH.C.7.2.A
Describe the creation of the modern State of Israel, including the rationale for its establishment, the Zionist movement...
MWH.C.7.2.B
Explain how the 1948 War between five Arab states and Israel unfolded, how it contributed to a refugee crisis, and how i...
MWH.C.7.2.C
Examine the roots of the ongoing regional instability of the Middle East, including the rise of Islamic fundamentalism, ...
MWH.C.7.3
Assess the impact of independence movements on human rights and the global expansion of democracy in South Asia.
MWH.C.7.3.A
Describe the fall of the British Raj and the emergence of an independent India and Pakistan, including the influence, id...
MWH.C.7.3.B
Describe the partitioning of India and subsequent international relations (e.g., Indo-Pakistani wars, Non-Aligned Moveme...
MWH.C.7.4
Analyze political and cultural transformations occurring in East and Southeast Asia during the postwar era.
MWH.C.7.4.A
Explain how civil conflicts in Korea and French Indochina became proxy wars between superpowers during the Cold War.
MWH.C.7.4.B
Describe significant political and economic change in China, including the influence of Sun Yat-Sen and the 1911 Revolut...
MWH.C.7.4.C
Describe the effects of the Chinese Communist Revolution, including the repressive economic and social policies of Mao Z...
MWH.C.7.4.D
Explain the significance of pro-democracy movements such as Tiananmen Square and evaluate how economic reforms under Den...
MWH.C.7.5
Assess the impact of African independence movements on human rights and the global expansion of democracy..
MWH.C.7.5.A
Explain the effects of Pan-Africanism on changing political boundaries and the development of anticolonialism.
MWH.C.7.5.B
Describe the struggle for self-government in Ghana, including the influence of Kwame Nkrumah.
MWH.C.7.5.C
Analyze the political, economic, and social context of South Africa’s apartheid system, assessing the role of internatio...
MWH.C.7.6
Evaluate the conditions leading to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the consequences for Europe.
MWH.C.7.6.A
Examine the goals of Poland’s Solidarity Movement and other civil resistance movements that challenged communist rule.
MWH.C.7.6.B
Explain how internal pressures within the Soviet Union, including economic stagnation, the burdens of military commitmen...
MWH.C.7.6.C
Explain how the Revolutions of 1989 and the weakening of Soviet control contributed to the collapse of communist governm...
MWH.C.7.6.D
Analyze the effect of the collapse of the Soviet Union on global power dynamics, including the emergence of new democrac...
MWH.C.7.6.E
Describe European politics since the fall of the Soviet Union, including the expansion of the European Union and NATO, c...
MWH.C.7.6.F
Assess the role of Western leadership, diplomacy, and dissident movements in weakening Soviet power and encouraging demo...
MWH.C.7.6.G
Explore key components of Western Europe’s postwar rise in prosperity and stability (e.g., economic recovery and develop...
MWH.C.7.7
Analyze recent threats to global security and regional stability.
MWH.C.7.7.A
Examine the religious, ethnic, and political origins and the lasting effects of ethnic conflict, modern genocide, and at...
MWH.C.7.7.B
Identify conditions that have given rise to international terrorism and the rising threat of weapons of mass destruction...
MWH.C.7.7.C
Describe the challenges and impact of trade and increasing economic interdependence on modern economies.
MWH.P.1
Apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.
MWH.P.1.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real- world problems.
MWH.P.1.1.A
Evaluate the impact of perspectives, civil discourse, and democratic principles on addressing civic issues.
MWH.P.1.1.B
Engage in a range of deliberative and democratic processes to develop strategies to address authentic, real-world proble...
MWH.P.1.1.C
Gather and evaluate information regarding complex problems, assessing individual and collective actions taken to address...
MWH.P.1.2
Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.
MWH.P.1.2.A
Develop, investigate, and evaluate plausible answers to essential questions that reflect enduring understandings across ...
MWH.P.1.2.B
Evaluate points of agreement and disagreement from reliable information and expert interpretations used to answer suppor...
MWH.P.1.2.C
Reinforce critical thinking by evaluating and challenging ideas and assumptions, analyzing and explaining inconsistencie...
MWH.P.1.2.D
Demonstrate understanding of content through the development of self-driven inquiries and the completion of multi-staged...
MWH.P.2
Use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.
MWH.P.2.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibili...
MWH.P.2.1.A
Evaluate various significant documents from the United States of America and other nations to compare civic virtues and ...
MWH.P.2.1.B
Evaluate the impact of the structure and powers exercised by governmental systems on public policy, using historical and...
MWH.P.2.1.C
Analyze the impact of constitutions, laws, treaties, and international agreements, by comparing how various governmental...
MWH.P.2.2
Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.
MWH.P.2.2.A
Gather and evaluate the usefulness of various formats of evidence for specific inquiry, analyzing the broader historical...
MWH.P.2.2.B
Analyze complex and interacting factors that influence multiple perspectives during different historical eras and contem...
MWH.P.2.2.C
Evaluate how multiple, complex events are shaped by unique circumstances of time and place; construct and interpret para...
MWH.P.2.3
Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on th...
MWH.P.2.3.A
Actively engage in asking and answering geographic questions by acquiring, organizing, and analyzing multiple sources of...
MWH.P.2.3.B
Compare and analyze complex maps and mapping technologies to analyze spatial patterns of human and physical environments...
MWH.P.2.3.C
Evaluate the extent to which political and economic decisions have had significant impact on human and physical environm...
MWH.P.2.4
Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, na...
MWH.P.2.4.A
Evaluate economic data from charts and graphs, noting trends and making predictions.
MWH.P.2.4.B
Construct arguments using a combination of evidence regarding solutions used by nations to address historical or contemp...
MWH.P.2.4.C
Evaluate the impact, both intended and unintended, of government policies on market outcomes at national and global leve...
MWH.P.3
Engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.
MWH.P.3.1
Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.
MWH.P.3.1.A
Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, evaluating features such as author,...
MWH.P.3.1.B
Analyze information from visual, oral, digital, and interactive texts (e.g., maps, charts, images, political cartoons, v...
MWH.P.3.2
Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspec...
MWH.P.3.2.A
Evaluate the extent to which historical or cultural perspectives affect an author’s stated or implied purpose.
MWH.P.3.2.B
Evaluate the author’s point of view, potential bias, and how authors can reach different conclusions regarding the same ...
MWH.P.3.2.C
Actively listen, evaluate, and analyze a speaker’s message, asking questions while engaged in collaborative discussions ...
MWH.P.4
Develop a variety of evidence-based written products designed for multiple purposes.
MWH.P.4.1
Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presen...
MWH.P.4.1.A
Compose informative essays and written products, developing a thesis, citing and incorporating evidence from multiple so...
MWH.P.4.1.B
Compose argumentative written products, including a precise claim as distinguished from opposing claims, organizing logi...
MWH.P.4.2
Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.
MWH.P.4.2.A
Develop self-generated theses or claims related to independent research and investigations using credible and relevant s...
MWH.P.4.2.B
Integrate quotes and summaries of research findings into written products while avoiding plagiarism.
MWH.P.4.2.C
Construct presentations or products for a designated audience, using research and reasoning to enhance understanding of ...
OKH.C.1
Describe the state’s geography and the historic foundations laid by American Indian, European, and American cultures.
OKH.C.1.1
Describe the diverse physical features of Oklahoma and how the environment, ecological regions, and natural resources ca...
OKH.C.1.2
Explain the significance of the Cooper Bison Kill Site as credible evidence of the early presence of prehistoric Native ...
OKH.C.1.3
Describe the region as home to well-developed and complex pre-contact societies, such as the Spiro Mound Builders.
OKH.C.1.4
Describe the Caddo and Wichita cultures, once active in the production and trading of goods using extensive transcontine...
OKH.C.1.5
Compare the goals and significance of early European interactions with Native cultures, such as the benefits of trade, t...
OKH.C.1.6
Compare cultural perspectives of American Indians and settlers regarding land ownership, social structures (e.g., matril...
OKH.C.2
Evaluate the major political and economic events that transformed the land and its people from early contact through Ind...
OKH.C.2.1
Analyze the role of early trade centers and transportation to the development and growth of the region, by describing th...
OKH.C.2.1.A
impact of mercantile settlements, such as Chouteau’s Trading Post at Three Forks
OKH.C.2.1.B
major peacekeeping goals of military posts (e.g., Fort Gibson, Fort Towson, Fort Washita) ensuring the success of forced...
OKH.C.2.2
Analyze the consequences of American Indian removals to present-day Oklahoma.
OKH.C.2.2.A
Explain the motivations which prompted the passage and terms of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and describe efforts of T...
OKH.C.2.2.B
Summarize and describe the process and experiences of the forced removal of southeastern Tribes from their homelands, in...
OKH.C.2.2.C
Examine the consequences of Indian Removal on intertribal relationships among Tribal groups historically residing in Ind...
OKH.C.3
Evaluate the major political and economic events that transformed the land and its people in the post-Civil War era to s...
OKH.C.3.1
Examine the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction Treaties on American Indian peoples, territories, and Tribal sove...
OKH.C.3.1.A
Describe the effect of intertribal division related to Tribal support of the Union or Confederacy, as exemplified by Opo...
OKH.C.3.1.B
Explain conditions of the Reconstruction Treaties of 1866 (e.g., land cessions, the abolition of slavery, and the requir...
OKH.C.3.1.C
Summarize the intent of President Grant’s Peace Policy on the displacement of American Indians from their homelands.
OKH.C.3.1.D
Describe the period known as the Second Indian Removal, comparing experiences of Tribal Nations, and explain justificati...
OKH.C.3.1.E
Examine the purpose for western military posts, such as Fort Sill, and the role of military regiments, such as the Buffa...
OKH.C.3.1.F
Describe the confinement of American Indians to reservations, including the significance of the Washita Massacre and exp...
OKH.C.3.1.G
Explain the significance of the Standing Bear v. Crook decision as it relates to the personhood of American Indians and ...
OKH.C.3.2
Evaluate the lasting effect of early industries on economic growth.
OKH.C.3.2.A
Describe the economic and environmental effects of commercial extraction of Indian Territory's coal deposits on the deve...
OKH.C.3.2.B
Trace the routes of cattle trails across Indian Territory and describe the growth of the cattle industry, including the ...
OKH.C.3.2.C
Examine the origins and changing perceptions of the “American cowboy culture” (e.g., dime novels, artwork, motion pictur...
OKH.C.3.3
Analyze the influence of the idea of Manifest Destiny on migrations into present-day Oklahoma.
OKH.C.3.3.A
Explain opportunities provided by the Homestead Act of 1862 and its impact on mass migration to the region.
OKH.C.3.3.B
Analyze the goals, strategies, and escalated tension created by the Boomer Movement under the leadership of David Payne.
OKH.C.3.3.C
Examine Tribal responses to increased emigration, featured by calls for unified action through intertribal councils, lob...
OKH.C.3.3.D
Describe the establishment of all-Black towns and the extent to which they provided economic opportunities, political in...
OKH.C.3.4
Explain how American Indians experienced decreasing control over Tribal lands through congressional action.
OKH.C.3.4.A
Compare multiple points of view to evaluate the impact of the Dawes Act of 1877 (General Allotment Act) which resulted i...
OKH.C.3.4.B
Describe the intent and effects of the Indian Appropriations Act and methods (e.g., land runs, lotteries) used for the f...
OKH.C.4
Analyze significant issues encountered on the path to statehood.
OKH.C.4.1
Describe the effects of the Curtis Act of 1898 and evaluate the outcome of the Indian-led movement to secure a separate ...
OKH.C.4.2
Examine the continued migration of African Americans to the region and describe the outcome of a proposed all-Black stat...
OKH.C.4.3
Explain how the Organic Act of 1890 and Enabling Act paved the way for the admission of Oklahoma and Indian territories ...
OKH.C.4.4
Examine the influence of the national Progressive Movement and local social reformers, such as Kate Barnard, on the stat...
OKH.C.4.5
Trace the final steps toward statehood from the adoption of the Oklahoma constitution by a vote of the people to preside...
OKH.C.5
Evaluate the constitutional powers exercised by the state government and the role of the Oklahoma citizen.
OKH.C.5.1
Describe the purpose of the Oklahoma Constitution, its key principles, and its relationship to the Constitution of the U...
OKH.C.5.1.A
Identify the responsibilities of state government by analyzing the Preamble to the Oklahoma State Constitution.
OKH.C.5.1.B
Compare the structure of state government to the national system’s three branches with similar functions and powers.
OKH.C.5.1.C
Identify the requirements, terms of office, and duties for major elected and appointed state officials in each branch of...
OKH.C.5.1.D
Examine powers exercised by the state government to meet the needs of its citizens, using examples from history and the ...
OKH.C.5.2
Explain how the state Constitution protects the rights of citizens by comparing the Oklahoma Constitution’s Article II (...
OKH.C.5.3
Trace the steps necessary for a bill to become a law in Oklahoma, including multiple opportunities for citizens to be in...
OKH.C.5.4
Describe the American system of federalism as it relates to the division, function, and sharing of powers among levels o...
OKH.C.5.5
Examine how the Oklahoma State Constitution includes several provisions to promote democratic participation by citizens,...
OKH.C.5.5.A
direct primary, initiative petition, and referendum (including the power to recall government officials in some local ju...
OKH.C.5.5.B
regulations and processes for registering to vote and participating in state elections.
OKH.C.5.6
Identify major sources of local, state, and Tribal revenues (e.g., sales tax, income tax, gaming) and examples of servic...
OKH.C.6
Examine Oklahoma’s political, economic, and social history regarding race during the early decades following statehood.
OKH.C.6.1
Examine how the development of the oil industry affected major sectors of employment and the development of communities,...
OKH.C.6.2
Examine government policies impacting American Indian identity, culture, economy, Tribal government, and sovereignty.
OKH.C.6.2.A
Analyze the effects of federal policy to forcibly assimilate Native children through the establishment of Indian boardin...
OKH.C.6.2.B
Examine the judicial decision of Dorothy Sunrise v. Cache Consolidated School District regarding integrated access to pu...
OKH.C.6.2.C
Explain the justification for passage of the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 and the concept of dual citizenship.
OKH.C.6.2.D
Examine the Bureau of Indian Affairs’ guardianship of American Indian resources, lands, trust accounts and head rights, ...
OKH.C.6.2.E
Identify the intent of the Indian Relocation Act as it relates to vocational training and assimilation policies, as well...
OKH.C.6.2.F
Explain the impact of the Code of Indian Offenses of 1883 on Tribal religious and cultural practices.
OKH.C.6.3
Examine the evolution of race relations in Oklahoma.
OKH.C.6.3.A
Analyze the intent and effect of Jim Crow laws initiated by the passage of Senate Bill 1.
OKH.C.6.3.B
Explain the outcome of Oklahoma’s attempt to restrict suffrage rights through the grandfather clause (Guinn v. United St...
OKH.C.6.3.C
Describe the continued growth of African American communities, including the emergence of “Black Wall Street” in Tulsa’s...
OKH.C.6.3.D
Examine the rise of the Ku Klux Klan and its involvement in acts of intimidation and violence.
OKH.C.6.3.E
Analyze the causes of the Tulsa Race Massacre, including its continued social and economic impact.
OKH.C.6.4
Summarize Oklahoma’s role in World War I, including agricultural exports and the contributions of Oklahoma armed forces ...
OKH.C.6.5
Examine how agricultural conditions and practices were precursors to the Great Depression by describing the boom-and-bus...
OKH.C.7
Examine the challenges and accomplishments of Oklahomans as they encountered periods of economic depression and engageme...
OKH.C.7.1
Identify local and national economic conditions which contributed to the Great Depression and were characterized by mass...
OKH.C.7.2
Describe the environmental devastation known as the Dust Bowl by analyzing the impact of environmental conditions and hu...
OKH.C.7.3
Examine the effects of the Great Depression on Oklahomans and evaluate the effectiveness of governmental response.
OKH.C.7.3.A
Summarize policies of Governor William H. Murray which impacted the goals of the New Deal in Oklahoma.
OKH.C.7.3.B
Describe New Deal programs and projects (e.g., Agricultural Adjustment Act, Tennessee Valley Authority, Works Progress A...
OKH.C.7.3.C
Analyze how various segments of Oklahoma’s economy and society, such as agriculture, mining, and state politics, were in...
OKH.C.7.4
Describe the changing relations between the federal government and American Indian Nations as influenced by the Meriam R...
OKH.C.7.5
Describe the contributions of Oklahomans, including the political and social commentaries of Will Rogers and Woody Guthr...
OKH.C.7.6
Summarize and analyze the impact of Oklahoma’s mobilization and engagement in World War II including
OKH.C.7.6.A
establishment of military bases and prisoner of war installations
OKH.C.7.6.B
contributions to the war effort by military personnel and specific units, including the American Indian Code Talkers and...
OKH.C.8
Investigate how post-war social, political, and economic events continued to transform the state of Oklahoma from the 19...
OKH.C.8.1
Evaluate the progress of the Civil Rights Movement in Oklahoma by describing the goals, strategies, and accomplishments ...
OKH.C.8.1.A
Examine judicial interpretation of the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment.
OKH.C.8.1.B
Describe issues and decisions of the landmark Supreme Court cases of Sipuel v. Board of Regents of the University of Okl...
OKH.C.8.1.C
Assess the leadership of Governor Raymond Gary in the integration of the public common and higher education systems.
OKH.C.8.1.D
Explain the strategy and effectiveness of nonviolent lunch-counter sit-ins, such as those organized by Clara Luper, loca...
OKH.C.8.1.E
Compare the consequences of Tulsa Public School’s voluntary desegregation initiated at Booker T. Washington High School ...
OKH.C.8.2
Analyze the impact of growth in various sectors of the state economy.
OKH.C.8.2.A
Describe the value of agribusiness to the state economy, producing commodities, such as wheat and livestock, for the nat...
OKH.C.8.2.B
Examine the development of defense-related, aerospace, and aviation industries (e.g., Fort Sill, Tinker Air Force Base, ...
OKH.C.8.2.C
Analyze recent oil and gas boom-and-bust cycles, such as new discoveries in the Anadarko Basin and the growth of alterna...
OKH.C.8.2.D
Describe the state’s connection to international trade through construction of transportation infrastructures (e.g., int...
OKH.C.8.2.E
Evaluate the impact of tourism as an industry, boosted by the construction of Route 66, state parks, and museums.
OKH.C.8.2.F
Examine the growth of Tribal enterprises, their effects on the state’s economy and on the financial stability of America...
OKH.C.8.2.G
Identify the causes and consequences of rural to urban to suburban migration, as well as urban renewal efforts (e.g., Ok...
OKH.C.8.3
Analyze the historical and contemporary relationship between the State of Oklahoma and Oklahoma’s thirty-nine federally ...
OKH.C.8.3.A
Explain how Tribal governments in Indian Territory were altered or disestablished by congressional acts prior to Oklahom...
OKH.C.8.3.B
Describe concerns expressed by Tribal citizens during the transition to statehood, including the loss of land, self-gove...
OKH.C.8.3.C
Explain how federal legislation in the twentieth century supported the reorganization or strengthening of Tribal governm...
OKH.C.8.3.D
Examine the structure and authority of modern Tribal governments, including constitutional or traditional governing syst...
OKH.C.8.3.E
Analyze major court decisions affecting jurisdiction and sovereignty between Tribal, state, and federal governments. Exa...
OKH.C.8.3.F
Explain the ongoing role of Tribal governments in preserving Native cultures, languages, and community institutions.
OKH.C.8.4
Summarize the contributions of Oklahoma leadership in a changing political environment.
OKH.C.8.4.A
Identify the contributions of contemporary politicians and public servants (e.g., Speaker Carl Albert, Ambassador Jeane ...
OKH.C.8.4.B
Describe trends in political realignment from dominance by the Democratic Party following the Great Depression to the em...
OKH.C.8.5
Analyze Oklahoma’s response to acts of domestic terrorism.
OKH.C.8.5.A
Identify the effects of the domestic terrorist attack on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City.
OKH.C.8.5.B
Describe the volunteerism and heroism of responding Oklahomans, exhibiting the “Oklahoma Standard.”
OKH.C.8.5.C
Examine the purpose of the Oklahoma City National Memorial and how it continues to fulfill its mission of remembrance an...
OKH.C.8.6
Examine recent contributions by Oklahomans to the public’s quality of life.
OKH.C.8.6.A
Describe migrations of recent cultural and ethnic groups to Oklahoma and their impact on the social and economic transfo...
OKH.C.8.6.B
Analyze the influence of Oklahomans in various fields, such as the arts, literature, and sports (e.g., Ralph Ellison, Ji...
OKH.C.8.6.C
Explain changing perceptions, both internal and external, of the state and its citizens, comparing the images from Stein...
OKH.P.1
Apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.
OKH.P.1.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real- world problems.
OKH.P.1.1.A
Evaluate the impact of perspectives, civil discourse, and democratic principles on addressing civic issues.
OKH.P.1.1.B
Engage in a range of deliberative and democratic processes to develop strategies to address authentic, real-world proble...
OKH.P.1.1.C
Gather and evaluate information regarding complex problems, assessing individual and collective actions taken to address...
OKH.P.1.2
Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.
OKH.P.1.2.A
Develop, investigate, and evaluate plausible answers to essential questions that reflect enduring understandings across ...
OKH.P.1.2.B
Evaluate points of agreement and disagreement from reliable information and expert interpretations used to answer suppor...
OKH.P.1.2.C
Reinforce critical thinking by evaluating and challenging ideas and assumptions, analyzing and explaining inconsistencie...
OKH.P.1.2.D
Demonstrate understanding of content through the development of self-driven inquiries and the completion of multi-staged...
OKH.P.2
Use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.
OKH.P.2.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibili...
OKH.P.2.1.A
Evaluate various significant documents from the United States of America and other nations to compare civic virtues and ...
OKH.P.2.1.B
Evaluate the impact of the structure and powers exercised by governmental systems on public policy, using historical and...
OKH.P.2.1.C
Analyze the impact of constitutions, laws, treaties, and international agreements, by comparing how various governmental...
OKH.P.2.2
Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.
OKH.P.2.2.A
Gather and evaluate the usefulness of various formats of evidence for specific inquiry, analyzing the broader historical...
OKH.P.2.2.B
Analyze complex and interacting factors that influence multiple perspectives during different historical eras and contem...
OKH.P.2.2.C
Evaluate how multiple, complex events are shaped by unique circumstances of time and place; construct and interpret para...
OKH.P.2.3
Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on th...
OKH.P.2.3.A
Actively engage in asking and answering geographic questions by acquiring, organizing, and analyzing multiple sources of...
OKH.P.2.3.B
Compare and analyze complex maps and mapping technologies to analyze spatial patterns of human and physical environments...
OKH.P.2.3.C
Evaluate the extent to which political and economic decisions have had significant impact on human and physical environm...
OKH.P.2.4
Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, na...
OKH.P.2.4.A
Evaluate economic data from charts and graphs, noting trends and making predictions.
OKH.P.2.4.B
Construct arguments using a combination of evidence regarding solutions used by nations to address historical or contemp...
OKH.P.2.4.C
Evaluate the impact, both intended and unintended, of government policies on market outcomes at national and global leve...
OKH.P.3
Engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.
OKH.P.3.1
Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.
OKH.P.3.1.A
Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, evaluating features such as author,...
OKH.P.3.1.B
Analyze information from visual, oral, digital, and interactive texts (e.g., maps, charts, images, political cartoons, v...
OKH.P.3.2
Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspec...
OKH.P.3.2.A
Evaluate the extent to which historical or cultural perspectives affect an author’s stated or implied purpose.
OKH.P.3.2.B
Evaluate the author’s point of view, potential bias, and how authors can reach different conclusions regarding the same ...
OKH.P.3.2.C
Actively listen, evaluate, and analyze a speaker’s message, asking questions while engaged in collaborative discussions ...
OKH.P.4
Develop a variety of evidence-based written products designed for multiple purposes.
OKH.P.4.1
Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presen...
OKH.P.4.1.A
Compose informative essays and written products, developing a thesis, citing and incorporating evidence from multiple so...
OKH.P.4.1.B
Compose argumentative written products, including a precise claim as distinguished from opposing claims, organizing logi...
OKH.P.4.2
Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.
OKH.P.4.2.A
Develop self-generated theses or claims related to independent research and investigations using credible and relevant s...
OKH.P.4.2.B
Integrate quotes and summaries of research findings into written products while avoiding plagiarism.
OKH.P.4.2.C
Construct presentations or products for a designated audience, using research and reasoning to enhance understanding of ...
PS.1
Examine the foundations of psychology and its origins as an empirical science.
PS.1.1
Analyze the context and origins of psychology including the major approaches to psychology (e.g., cognitive-behavioral, ...
PS.1.2
Describe the classifications and various subfields in psychology, including vocational applications such as counseling, ...
PS.1.3
Compare the appropriate application of experimental and non-experimental research methodologies (e.g., case study, corre...
PS.1.4
Identify and evaluate psychological concepts in representations of data, including tables, graphs, charts, figures, and ...
PS.1.5
Compare quantitative and qualitative research strategies including experiments, surveys, focus groups, and narratives as...
PS.2
Investigate the structure, biochemistry, and circuitry of the brain and the nervous system to understand their roles in ...
PS.2.1
Identify and describe the major divisions of the nervous system.
PS.2.2
Identify and describe the structure and function of major brain systems, including the major parts of the brainstem, lim...
PS.2.3
Identify the parts of a neuron and explain how the process of neural transmission affects behavior and mental processes.
PS.2.4
Explain the processes of sensation, including the structures and functions of visual, auditory, kinesthetic/vestibular, ...
PS.3
Describe the fundamental processes of cognition, including thinking and problem solving, memory, perception, and intelli...
PS.3.1
Explain process involved in effective problem solving and decision making.
PS.3.2
Describe principles of perception, including personal and environmental interactions.
PS.3.3
Describe the process, organization, and factors that influence encoding, storing, retrieving and forgetting memories.
PS.4
Describe physical, cognitive, and social development across the lifespan, including processes of human learning.
PS.4.1
Explain the interaction of environmental and biological factors in human development, including the role of the brain in...
PS.4.2
Examine major theories of human development.
PS.4.3
Describe the theories of Jean Piaget, Lawrence Kohlberg, and Erik Erikson regarding human development.
PS.4.4
Explain the social, cognitive and neurological factors in learning.
PS.4.5
Identify and explain the major theories of learning including classical conditioning, operant conditioning, social learn...
PS.5
Examine social influences on mental processes and behavior, as well as the human personality.
PS.5.1
Explain how attitudes, biases, and beliefs affect behavior and relationships with others.
PS.5.2
Examine various types of social influence, including intergroup dynamics, persuasion, attraction, aggression, and altrui...
PS.5.3
Explain how biological and environmental factors interact to influence personality.
PS.6
Evaluate influences, perspectives, and domains of motivation and emotion.
PS.6.1
Explain biological, cognitive, and social factors that influence motivation.
PS.6.2
Compare the predominant theories of motivation including drive-reduction, self-determination, instinct, conflicts, and s...
PS.6.3
Explain the biological and cognitive components of emotion.
PS.6.4
Examine the influence of the social situation on individual behavior and mental processes, including persuasion, conform...
PS.6.5
Explain how biological, cognitive, environmental, and social factors can produce or influence emotional states, and how ...
PS.7
Examine mental disorders and the factors that promote mental and physical health.
PS.7.1
Examine how psychologists use integrated approaches and evidence-based practices to understand and treat psychological d...
PS.7.2
Describe the symptoms and possible causes of categories of mental disorders, including neurodevelopmental, schizophrenic...
PS.7.3
Describe the research and trends in the treatment of psychological disorders.
PS.7.4
Identify and explain potential sources of stress, effects of stress, and various coping strategies for dealing with stre...
PS.7.5
Explain how physical, psychological, and social factors combine to promote overall health and well-being.
PS.7.6
Explain how positive psychology approaches mental health, identifying factors that lead to well-being, including resilie...
S.1
Explain the sociological perspective and identify sociology as a scientific field of inquiry.
S.1.1
Describe the development of the field of sociology as a social science, including the contributions of leading theorists...
S.1.2
Identify, differentiate among, and apply the major sociological paradigms (e.g., functional analysis, conflict theory, s...
S.1.3
Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the major methods of sociological research, including surveys and interviews, e...
S.1.4
Apply the scientific method of inquiry on the study of society, including developing a hypothesis, and identifying indep...
S.2
Examine the influence of culture and the way cultural transmission is accomplished.
S.2.1
Describe the components of culture, including norms and values, material and non-material care.
S.2.2
Explain the process of the social construction of the self, including the ways individuals are socialized by culture, su...
S.2.3
Analyze how culture influences individuals, including the mechanisms of ethnocentrism, cultural relativity, and culture ...
S.2.4
Describe various subcultures, counter cultures, and social movements, and explain their influence according to sociologi...
S.3
Examine the social construction of groups and their impact on individuals.
S.3.1
Describe the process of socialization, examining how social groups are composed and why individuals become members of or...
S.3.2
Describe various subcultures and countercultures and explain their influence according to sociological perspectives.
S.3.3
Analyze how culture influences individuals, including the mechanisms of ethnocentrism, cultural relativity, and culture ...
S.3.4
Identify aspects of social structure, including social class, social status and roles, as well as their influences on in...
S.3.5
Describe status as a component of social structure, including status sets, ascribed and achieved statuses, status symbol...
S.4
Analyze the effects of social institutions on group behavior over the life course of individuals.
S.4.1
Evaluate the characteristics of primary and secondary groups, including their influence over the behavior, attitudes, an...
S.4.2
Identify various reference groups and explain how they are used by individuals to evaluate themselves.
S.4.3
Explain in-group and out-group dynamics, and how these dynamics can shape behavior, perception, and morality.
S.4.4
Examine the benefits of belonging to social groups, as well as the power of social groups over behavior and attitudes.
S.4.5
Describe how stereotypes are formed, including the mechanisms of self-fulfilling stereotypes, and explain the impact ste...
S.4.6
Explain how and why social institutions and cultures change over time.
S.5
Analyze social problems that affect large numbers of people within a social system.
S.5.1
Analyze patterns of social stratification and their effects on individuals and groups.
S.5.2
Describe how social movements can influence and change society.
S.5.3
Analyze effects of stratification and social inequality on individuals and groups, including life outcomes, social probl...
S.5.4
Describe social problems and distinguish between characteristics of a social problem versus an individual problem.
S.5.5
Analyze patterns of behavior found within social problems and their implications for society (e.g., juvenile crime, long...
S.5.6
Examine the extent to which individual and group responses influence potential resolutions to social problems.
TOT.C.10.1
Describe the causes and events of the Tiananmen Square Massacre, including suppression by the Chinese Communist Party an...
TOT.C.10.2
Trace the rise of China to peer competitor with the United States of America including.
TOT.C.10.2.A
retirement of Deng Xiaoping following the Tiananmen Square massacre
TOT.C.10.2.B
rise of Jiang Zemin and the introduction of the concept of a Socialist Market Economy
TOT.C.10.2.C
rapid growth of the economy, government debt, dependence on exports, Belt and Road Initiative
TOT.C.10.2.D
continuing internal repression (e.g., Christians, Falun Gong, Hong Kong, Tibet, Xinjiang)
TOT.C.10.2.E
social credit system to monitor the population, denial of access to schools, travel, banks, and other state institutions
TOT.C.10.2.F
exploitation of Western investment in China and scientific, academic, and industrial espionage.
TOT.C.1.1
Describe the growth of reformist political movements and the growth of radical and revolutionary political movements, in...
TOT.C.11.1
Describe how Holocaust denial has helped contribute to the creation of contemporary propaganda against the State of Isra...
TOT.C.11.2
Explain why it is important for current and future generations to learn from the Shoah through eye-witness accounts and ...
TOT.C.11.3
Examine how antisemitism may be expressed as hatred toward Jewish people, rhetorical, and physical manifestations direct...
TOT.C.1.2
Explain the socio-economic ideas of Marx and Engels as outlined in their treatise The Communist Manifesto, including the...
TOT.C.1.3
Examine the claim that private enterprise is exploitative and inequality the fault of capitalism.
TOT.C.1.3.A
Analyze the proposition that industrialization and free trade had alienated workers from the fruits of their labors.
TOT.C.1.3.B
Describe the idea that private property is exploitative, based on selfishness, and results in inequality.
TOT.C.1.4
Describe Marxist claims related to the individual and religion, by examining the idea that law and morality are mere “bo...
TOT.C.1.5
Explain the proposition that violent revolution is needed to overthrow the oppressive classes and abolish exploitative i...
TOT.C.1.6
Examine the criticisms of the ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
TOT.C.1.6.A
Explain how violent revolution tends to undermine the rule of law and may empower those more capable of oppression.
TOT.C.1.6.B
Describe how state ownership of means of production, including centralized economic planning, leads to an authoritarian ...
TOT.C.2.1
Identify political responses to Communist and socialist political parties in Europe, including
TOT.C.2.1.A
Germany’s Social Democratic Party and anti-socialist laws
TOT.C.2.1.B
France’s Paris Commune and the rise of the Section Française de l’Internationale Ouvrière
TOT.C.2.1.C
United Kingdom’s Labour Party.
TOT.C.2.2
Describe the Second International and its efforts to impose Marxist theory on the socialist parties of Europe, the Unite...
TOT.C.2.3
Trace the rise and limited appeal of the Industrial Workers of the World and the Socialist Party in the United States of...
TOT.C.2.4
Explain the rise of the Mensheviks, Bolsheviks, and Socialist Revolutionaries in Tsarist Russia, the 1905 Revolution, an...
TOT.C.2.5
Describe the social reforms that responded to the intellectual and political challenge of communist and socialist partie...
TOT.C.3.1
Examine the response of communist and socialist leaders and parties in Europe and the United States of America to changi...
TOT.C.3.2
Trace the significant events of the Russian Revolution.
TOT.C.3.2.A
February Revolution and the Provisional (Kerensky) government
TOT.C.3.2.B
October Revolution, the Bolshevik seizure of power, and the establishment of one-party dictatorship
TOT.C.3.2.C
Civil War, the Red Terror, and the Kronstadt Rebellion
TOT.C.3.2.D
brutal repression (e.g., expropriating private industry, banning private enterprise, requisitioning and rationing food, ...
TOT.C.3.2.E
impact of the beliefs and policies of Vladimir Lenin
TOT.C.3.2.F
formal establishment of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
TOT.C.4.1
Examine German culpability, reparations, and military downsizing as effects of the Treaty of Versailles.
TOT.C.4.2
Explain how events during the Weimar Republic led to the rise of Nazism (e.g., Ruhr Crisis, hyperinflation, Great Depres...
TOT.C.4.3
Analyze how the Nazi regime utilized and built on historical antisemitism to create a common enemy of the Jews in order ...
TOT.C.4.4
Trace the significant events that led to Adolf Hitler’s rise to power.
TOT.C.4.4.A
Munich Beer Hall Putsch
TOT.C.4.4.B
Hitler’s arrest and the writings of Mein Kampf
TOT.C.4.4.C
Reichstag fire
TOT.C.4.4.D
Enabling Act; Concordat of 1933
TOT.C.4.4.F
Night of the Long Knives (Rohm Purge).
TOT.C.4.5
Explain how the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, or Nazi Party, grew into a mass movement and maintained power ...
TOT.C.4.5.A
efforts of the Sturmabteilung (SA), the Schutzstaffel (SS), the Wehrmacht, and the Gestapo to assist Hitler in gaining a...
TOT.C.4.5.B
use of various forms of propaganda to indoctrinate the German population
TOT.C.4.5.C
elimination of opposing views through book burnings, censorship, and state control over the media
TOT.C.4.5.D
use of education and youth programs to indoctrinate young people into the Nazi ideology.
TOT.C.5.1
Explain the Nazi concept of an Aryan race and how eugenics and pseudoscience racism provided a foundation for Nazi racia...
TOT.C.5.2
Examine how identification, legal, and economic status was used to perpetuate the Nazi ideology of the “Master Race” and...
TOT.C.5.3
Describe how the life of Jews deteriorated under the Third Reich through implementation of the Nuremberg Laws.
TOT.C.5.4
Analyze the effects of Kristallnacht and how it became a watershed event in the transition from targeted persecution to ...
TOT.C.5.5
Describe how Jewish immigration was restricted by various nations and explain how the Kindertransport saved the lives of...
TOT.C.5.6
Examine the choices and actions of individuals and groups defying Nazi policy at great personal risk.
TOT.C.6.1
Examine the term “lebensraum” (living space), which was an essential piece of Nazi ideology and explain how it led to te...
TOT.C.6.2
Analyze Hitler’s use of the Munich Pact to expand German territory and the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact to ensure the Soviet ...
TOT.C.6.3
Identify Hitler’s motivations for the annexations of Austria and the Sudetenland, as well as the invasion of Poland.
TOT.C.7.1
Explain the Shoah (Holocaust) as the planned and systematic state-sponsored persecution and murder of European Jews by N...
TOT.C.7.10
Analyze the international community’s efforts to hold perpetrators responsible for their involvement in the Shoah (Holoc...
TOT.C.7.11
Explain the effect of the Eichmann Trial on policy concerning crimes against humanity, capital punishment, accountabilit...
TOT.C.7.2
Explain the effect of Nazi policies on other targeted groups, including Roma-Sinti, Slavs, Jehovah’s Witnesses, politica...
TOT.C.7.3
Examine the role that bystanders, collaborators and perpetrators played in the implementation of Nazi policies against J...
TOT.C.7.4
Explain the use of ghettos, including the displacement and deportation of Jews to ghettos, attempts at escape, and forms...
TOT.C.7.5
Explain how corporate complicity aided Nazi goals, including identification and record keeping, and the use of slave lab...
TOT.C.7.6
Explain the purpose of the Wannsee Conference and its role in the Final Solution.
TOT.C.7.7
Describe the origins, purpose, and conditions associated with various types of camps, including forced labor camps, conc...
TOT.C.7.8
Explain how Allied Forces liberated camps, including the relocation and treatment of the survivors.
TOT.C.7.9
Examine the settlement patterns of Shoah (Holocaust) survivors after World War II, including immigration to the United S...
TOT.C.8.1
Examine the political history of interwar Soviet Russia:
TOT.C.8.1.A
New Economic Policy
TOT.C.8.1.B
rise of Josef Stalin
TOT.C.8.1.C
collectivization and the First Five Year Plan
TOT.C.8.1.D
Great Terror, including murder of foreign Communists living in the USSR
TOT.C.8.2
Describe the domestic policies of interwar Soviet Russia, including the
TOT.C.8.2.A
destruction of individual rights
TOT.C.8.2.B
government seizure of privately owned industry and commerce
TOT.C.8.2.C
internal passports to control people’s movements
TOT.C.8.2.D
state-mandated atheism, including the persecution of priests and religious believers
TOT.C.8.2.E
the cult of personality that glorified Stalin
TOT.C.8.2.F
development of the counterintelligence state
TOT.C.8.2.G
the GULAG forced labor network
TOT.C.8.2.H
purges of the military officer corps and terror against the citizenry
TOT.C.8.2.I
mass murder of peasants (“dekulakization”), genocidal starvation of Ukrainians (Holodomor).
TOT.C.8.3
Describe interwar Soviet foreign policy and the effect of World War II, including the
TOT.C.8.3.A
support for foreign communist parties and popular fronts
TOT.C.8.3.B
opposition to reform socialists that catalyzed the rise of fascist governments
TOT.C.8.3.C
support for Chinese Communists
TOT.C.8.3.D
cooperation with Nazi Germany (e.g., Nazi-Soviet pact, Soviet annexations and population deportations, the Winter War,th...
TOT.C.8.3.E
war policy (e.g., terror, ethnic cleansing, looting operations in conquered countries, occupation of Eastern Europe).
TOT.C.9.1
Examine the USSR’s occupation of Eastern Europe after World War II, including Soviet Communization of Eastern Europe, th...
TOT.C.9.10
Examine the dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the August Coup (e.g., the rise of Boris Yeltsin ...
TOT.C.9.2
Explain the West’s response to communism in the early Cold War, including the policy of containment, the Truman Doctrine...
TOT.C.9.3
Trace the rise of communist influence in other regions of the world, including
TOT.C.9.3.A
Communist leadership (e.g., Che Guevara, Fidel Castro, Mao Zedong, and Kim Il Sung)
TOT.C.9.3.B
establishment of the North Korean dictatorship
TOT.C.9.3.C
Cuban Missile Crisis
TOT.C.9.3.D
Chinese Revolution (e.g., one-party dictatorship, collectivization, laogai prisons, Hundred Flowers Campaign, and Anti-R...
TOT.C.9.3.E
China’s genocidal conquest of Tibet, Great Leap Forward, and Cultural Revolution
TOT.C.9.3.F
Deng Xiaoping’s political and economic reforms.
TOT.C.9.4
Describe the rise of communism in Vietnam (e.g., successful communist revolt against French colonial rule, Land Reform T...
TOT.C.9.5
Examine the development of communism in the United States of America, including Soviet coordination of Western communist...
TOT.C.9.6
Examine how Marxism evolved after the West’s intellectual disillusionment with Soviet Communism and evaluate the role of...
TOT.C.9.7
Describe the decay and dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, including the effect of the Reagan Doctri...
TOT.C.9.8
Examine Gorbachev’s attempt to reform the Soviet Union, including the effects of perestroika and glasnost.
TOT.C.9.9
Describe the causes and impact of the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia and the Christmas Revolution in Romania, inclu...
TOT.P.1.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real- world problems.
TOT.P.1.1.A
Evaluate the impact of perspectives, civil discourse, and democratic principles on addressing civic issues.
TOT.P.1.1.B
Engage in a range of deliberative and democratic processes to develop strategies to address authentic, real-world proble...
TOT.P.1.1.C
Gather and evaluate information regarding complex problems, assessing individual and collective actions taken to address...
TOT.P.1.2
Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.
TOT.P.1.2.A
Develop, investigate, and evaluate plausible answers to essential questions that reflect enduring understandings across ...
TOT.P.1.2.B
Evaluate points of agreement and disagreement from reliable information and expert interpretations used to answer suppor...
TOT.P.1.2.C
Reinforce critical thinking by evaluating and challenging ideas and assumptions, analyzing and explaining inconsistencie...
TOT.P.1.2.D
Demonstrate understanding of content through the development of self-driven inquiries and the completion of multi-staged...
TOT.P.2.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibili...
TOT.P.2.1.A
Evaluate various significant documents from the United States of America and other nations to compare civic virtues and ...
TOT.P.2.1.B
Evaluate the impact of the structure and powers exercised by governmental systems on public policy, using historical and...
TOT.P.2.1.C
Analyze the impact of constitutions, laws, treaties, and international agreements, by comparing how various governmental...
TOT.P.2.2
Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.
TOT.P.2.2.A
Gather and evaluate the usefulness of various formats of evidence for specific inquiry, analyzing the broader historical...
TOT.P.2.2.B
Analyze complex and interacting factors that influence multiple perspectives during different historical eras and contem...
TOT.P.2.2.C
Evaluate how multiple, complex events are shaped by unique circumstances of time and place; construct and interpret para...
TOT.P.2.3
Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on th...
TOT.P.2.3.A
Actively engage in asking and answering geographic questions by acquiring, organizing, and analyzing multiple sources of...
TOT.P.2.3.B
Compare and analyze complex maps and mapping technologies to analyze spatial patterns of human and physical environments...
TOT.P.2.3.C
Evaluate the extent to which political and economic decisions have had significant impact on human and physical environm...
TOT.P.2.4
Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, na...
TOT.P.2.4.A
Evaluate economic data from charts and graphs, noting trends and making predictions.
TOT.P.2.4.B
Construct arguments using a combination of evidence regarding solutions used by nations to address historical or contemp...
TOT.P.2.4.C
Evaluate the impact, both intended and unintended, of government policies on market outcomes at national and global leve...
TOT.P.3.1
Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.
TOT.P.3.1.A
Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, evaluating features such as author,...
TOT.P.3.1.B
Analyze information from visual, oral, digital, and interactive texts (e.g., maps, charts, images, political cartoons, v...
TOT.P.3.2
Students will apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex tex...
TOT.P.3.2.A
Evaluate the extent to which historical or cultural perspectives affect an author’s stated or implied purpose.
TOT.P.3.2.B
Evaluate the author’s point of view, potential bias, and how authors can reach different conclusions regarding the same ...
TOT.P.3.2.C
Actively listen, evaluate, and analyze a speaker’s message, asking questions while engaged in collaborative discussions ...
TOT.P.4.1
Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presen...
TOT.P.4.1.A
Compose informative essays and written products, developing a thesis, citing and incorporating evidence from multiple so...
TOT.P.4.1.B
Compose argumentative written products, including a precise claim as distinguished from opposing claims, organizing logi...
TOT.P.4.2
Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.
TOT.P.4.2.A
Develop self-generated theses or claims related to independent research and investigations using credible and relevant s...
TOT.P.4.2.B
Integrate quotes and summaries of research findings into written products while avoiding plagiarism.
TOT.P.4.2.C
Construct presentations or products for a designated audience, using research and reasoning to enhance understanding of ...
USG.C.1
Compare the formation of contemporary governments in terms of access, use, and justification of power.
USG.C.1.1
Examine the purposes and functions of government, including the establishment of justice, promotion of general welfare, ...
USG.C.1.2
Analyze the essential characteristics of limited versus unlimited systems of government.
USG.C.1.2.A
Compare historic and contemporary examples of unlimited systems of governments (e.g., monarchy, oligarchy, theocracy, au...
USG.C.1.2.B
Describe common characteristics of representative democracies (e.g., idea of natural rights and liberties, the rule of l...
USG.C.1.3
Examine the founding principles of the United States of America’s constitutional republic.
USG.C.1.3.A
Explain the principle of popular sovereignty which asserts that governments are created and sustained by the consent of ...
USG.C.1.3.B
Analyze how the United States of America’s government reflects both a democracy and a republic.
USG.C.1.3.C
Explain how the Constitution of the United States of America reflects a balance between a concern for the public good an...
USG.C.1.3.D
Evaluate how religious traditions, moral philosophy, and enlightenment principles contributed to the development of key ...
USG.C.1.4
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of ways in which governmental power can be distributed.
USG.C.1.4.A
Describe the structures of unitary, federal, and confederal systems, including contemporary examples of the presidential...
USG.C.1.4.B
Compare structural differences in terms of effectiveness, prevention of abusive power, and responsiveness to the popular...
USG.C.1.5
Examine the role of government in a nation’s economy.
USG.C.1.5.A
Compare the role of government in a market versus command economic systems.
USG.C.1.5.B
Describe the United States of America government’s role in a market system including the promotion of competition, prote...
USG.C.1.5.C
Examine how government policies in a market system can be used to stabilize and stimulate economic growth.
USG.C.2
Describe the historical and philosophical foundations of the republican system of government in the United States of Ame...
USG.C.2.1
Evaluate the extent to which historical ideas and principles of human nature and authority have shaped the United States...
USG.C.2.1.A
Analyze the influence of historical documents regarding the concepts of limited government and popular sovereignty, incl...
USG.C.2.1.B
Analyze the influence of certain Biblical texts on founding documents such as the Constitution of the United States and ...
USG.C.2.1.C
Analyze colonial ideas on liberty, the practice of self-government, and the influence of religious thought on foundation...
USG.C.2.1.D
Describe how Enlightenment philosophy contributed to the concept of a social contract, the existence of natural, inalien...
USG.C.2.1.E
Examine the Declaration of Independence and its grievances to explain the principle of self-rule as based on the consent...
USG.C.2.2
Compare points of view toward the structure and powers of government as expressed during debates over ratification of th...
USG.C.2.2.A
Explain the general features of the Constitution of the United States of America as outlined by Alexander Hamilton in Fe...
USG.C.2.2.B
Compare concerns regarding centralized government as expressed in essays by the Anti-Federalists, such as Brutus Essay 1...
USG.C.2.2.C
Explain concerns the Founders expressed regarding democracy.
USG.C.2.2.D
Analyze ways in which the Federalist and the Anti-Federalist debates about the nature and extent of government continue ...
USG.C.3
Analyze the fundamental principles of the American republic, as established in the Constitution of the United States of ...
USG.C.3.1
Evaluate the necessity of a written constitution.
USG.C.3.1.A
Identify and describe the purposes for government as stated by the Framers in the Preamble to the Constitution of the Un...
USG.C.3.1.B
Analyze how the Constitution of the United States of America safeguards against authoritarianism by establishing enumera...
USG.C.3.1.C
Explain why states have written constitutions and explain the relationship of state constitutions to the national consti...
USG.C.3.2
Examine how the Constitution may be considered a “living document” due to its clearly defined and intentionally rigorous...
USG.C.3.3
Analyze how the Framers designed a system of separated powers to prevent the concentration and potential abuse of power.
USG.C.3.3.A
Describe and compare the scope of the powers vested to the Legislative Branch (Article 1), the Executive Branch (Article...
USG.C.3.3.B
Examine the necessity of a system of checks on government authority as explained by Madison in Federalist Paper No.51 an...
USG.C.3.3.C
Explain how the checks and balances system provides each branch of government with individual powers to affect other bra...
USG.C.3.3.D
Examine historical and contemporary examples of the system of checks and balances to illustrate the intent of the Framer...
USG.C.3.4
Analyze the system of federalism as established by the Constitution of the United States of America.
USG.C.3.4.A
Define and identify the enumerated (expressed) powers found in Article I.
USG.C.3.4.B
Describe how the “general welfare” clause and “necessary and proper” clause have empowered Congress with implied powers.
USG.C.3.4.C
Identify powers denied to the national government versus those reserved to the states.
USG.C.3.4.D
Describe the reasons why the Framers established concurrent powers, comparing examples exercised by both the national an...
USG.C.3.4.E
Explain how the Supremacy Clause (Article VI, Clause 2) establishes the Constitution of the United States of America and...
USG.C.3.4.F
Evaluate changes that have occurred in the relationship between the states and the national government over time (e.g., ...
USG.C.3.5
Summarize and explain the relationships and responsibilities among the levels of government..
USG.C.3.5.A
Explain how local, state, and national governments are involved in cooperatively shaping public policy and responding to...
USG.C.3.5.B
Compare specific functions, organizations, and purposes of local and state governments, such as ensuring personal securi...
USG.C.3.5.C
Explain the differences among the types of local governments in Oklahoma (e.g., county, city) as well as their operation...
USG.C.3.5.D
Describe how some state constitutions, such as Oklahoma’s, provide for more direct public involvement in the legislative...
USG.C.3.6
Analyze the constitutional and legal status of Tribal governments within the federal system.
USG.C.3.6.A
Explain how the Constitution of the United States grants Congress authority over Indian affairs through the Commerce Cla...
USG.C.3.6.B
Describe the trust relationship between the United States of America and Tribal governments, including the federal gover...
USG.C.3.6.C
Explain how Tribal governments exercise powers of self-government and participate in federal programs through legislatio...
USG.C.3.6.D
Examine how Tribal governments enter into agreements with states under federal law, including the role of state constitu...
USG.C.3.6.E
Describe how Tribal jurisdiction and authority have evolved through federal legislation and Supreme Court decisions affe...
USG.C.4
Compare the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the United States of America's government as they address t...
USG.C.4.1
Describe the scope and powers of the legislative branch of the federal government as delineated in Article 1 of the Cons...
USG.C.4.1.A
Compare the composition of the United States of America House to the United States of America Senate.
USG.C.4.1.B
Identify the constitutional qualifications, terms of office, and compensation for members of the United States of Americ...
USG.C.4.1.C
Explain why the Framers established a bicameral legislative body and how the House of Representatives functions differen...
USG.C.4.1.D
Describe the leadership roles of the Speaker of the House, the Senate President Pro Tempore, and majority and minority l...
USG.C.4.2
Examine the scope and powers of the executive branch as delineated in Article II of the Constitution of the United State...
USG.C.4.2.A
Identify the constitutional qualifications, term of office, and impeachment process for the President of the United Stat...
USG.C.4.2.B
Compare the original intent of the Chief Executive's roles as described by Hamilton in Federalist Paper No.69 to the mod...
USG.C.4.2.C
Describe the function of executive departments and the federal bureaucracy, including the authority and influence of the...
USG.C.4.2.D
Examine the purpose of independent regulatory agencies (e.g., Federal Reserve, Securities and Exchange Commission).
USG.C.4.2.E
Describe the growth of federal agencies during the 20th century, analyzing the constitutional and statutory bases for th...
USG.C.4.3
Explain the steps of the legislative process, including the authority, responsibilities, and influence of Congress, the ...
USG.C.4.4
Describe the scope and powers of the federal judiciary as delineated in Article III of the Constitution.
USG.C.4.4.A
Explain the length of terms, selection and confirmation process, jurisdiction, and process for the removal of Supreme Co...
USG.C.4.4.B
Examine the Framers’ intent regarding the judiciary’s authority, including the principle of judicial review, as describe...
USG.C.4.4.C
Examine the role of district courts, the courts of appeals, and the Supreme Court in regards to the judicial review proc...
USG.C.4.4.D
Explain the importance of an independent judicial system as integral to the interpretation and defense of citizens’ righ...
USG.C.5
Analyze factors affecting the political process at the local, state, and national levels of government.
USG.C.5.1
Analyze how citizens participate in our constitutional republic by voting in public elections and running for public off...
USG.C.5.2
Compare political platforms of major contemporary political parties and describe how political parties influence both po...
USG.C.5.3
Trace the steps of the electoral process, including the roles of state caucuses and primaries, national conventions, and...
USG.C.5.4
Describe the function and impact of political action committees on state and national elections, analyzing issues and de...
USG.C.5.5
Explain the function of the Electoral College, identifying different methods in which presidential electors are determin...
USG.C.5.6
Examine ongoing challenges to the election process, including redistricting and the practice of gerrymandering.
USG.C.5.7
Describe the impact of the media, public opinion polls, and digital communications on the political process, including i...
USG.C.6
Explain how the Constitution of the United States of America preserves the equal protection of rights and liberties.
USG.C.6.1
Evaluate the importance of the rule of law as the principle that all citizens and institutions are to be held accountabl...
USG.C.6.2
Explain how the Constitution of the United States of America provides majority rule with equal protection for the rights...
USG.C.6.3
Examine the traditions and historical documents which have contributed to the American concepts of rights and liberties ...
USG.C.6.4
Analyze the civil rights and civil liberties affirmed and guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.
USG.C.6.4.A
Explain how individual liberties are essential to the functioning of the United States of America constitutional republi...
USG.C.6.4.B
Examine how liberty and private property have contributed to economic opportunity and prosperity in the United States of...
USG.C.6.4.C
Identify basic rights, liberties, and protections of due process protected by the Bill of Rights and subsequent constitu...
USG.C.6.4.D
Explain how the Bill of Rights protects individuals from abuse by the national government and explain the extent that pr...
USG.C.6.5
Describe the concept of American exceptionalism and examine arguments that the United States of America has played a dis...
USG.C.6.6
Explain how freedom of expression is an essential element of a constitutional republic by examining historic landmark Su...
USG.C.6.7
Analyze how the First Amendment protects religious freedom through both the Free Exercise Clause and the Establishment C...
USG.C.6.8
Explain why due process rights are essential for the protection of individual rights and the maintenance of limited gove...
USG.C.6.9
Describe how significant issues in American society have been addressed by examining landmark decisions (e.g., Regents o...
USG.C.7
Analyze the processes and implementation of public policy in the United States of America.
USG.C.7.1
Explain how domestic policy is developed and implemented.
USG.C.7.1.A
Identify and explain powers that the Constitution of the United States of America grants to the President and Congress t...
USG.C.7.1.B
Trace the budget process, including the impact of government shutdowns and risks from the national debt, explaining how ...
USG.C.7.1.C
Identify the types and purposes of taxation that are used by local, state, and federal governments to fund public servic...
USG.C.7.1.D
Examine how the government can influence the stability and growth of the economy through fiscal and monetary policy.
USG.C.7.2
Evaluate the role of the national government in formulating and carrying out foreign policy.
USG.C.7.2.A
Explain different philosophies nations pursue to protect their self-interests abroad, such as isolationism and internati...
USG.C.7.2.B
Explain why and how the United States of America pursues its national interest and to what extent the pursuit of nationa...
USG.C.7.2.C
Identify and explain powers that the Constitution of the United States of America gives to the President and Congress to...
USG.C.7.2.D
Describe the tools used to carry out United States of America’s foreign policy, including diplomacy, economic aid, milit...
USG.C.7.2.E
Explain the government’s role regarding national defense, trade, and humanitarian efforts by examining contemporary comm...
USG.C.8
Evaluate the significance of civic participation in order to ensure the preservation of constitutional government.
USG.C.8.1
Explain the constitutional and legal provisions that establish and affect citizenship, including the naturalization proc...
USG.C.8.2
Define civic virtue and explain the individual’s duty and responsibility to participate in civic life.
USG.C.8.2.A
Distinguish among the civic life, political life, and private life of citizens.
USG.C.8.2.B
Examine how components of civil society (e.g., active communities, individual self-reliance, ethics, religion) contribut...
USG.C.8.2.C
Explain how civic virtue and a shared American civic identity are achieved through the deliberation about the meaning an...
USG.C.8.2.D
Describe the right to vote as a cornerstone of a constitutional republic and the most direct way for citizens to partici...
USG.C.8.2.E
Examine other political rights and responsibilities of citizens, including registering to vote, running for office, serv...
USG.C.8.2.F
Identify responsibilities of both citizens and residents of the United States of America, including obedience of the law...
USG.C.8.3
Analyze how our system of government provides citizens with opportunities to monitor and influence government as a means...
USG.C.8.3.A
Explain how the Constitution protects the individual’s ability to engage in informed public discourse as a means to moni...
USG.C.8.3.B
Identify legal methods to advocate and influence policy (e.g., voting, peaceful protests, petitioning, contacting govern...
USG.P.1
Apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.
USG.P.1.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real-world problems.
USG.P.1.1.A
Evaluate the impact of perspectives, civil discourse, and democratic principles on addressing civic issues.
USG.P.1.1.B
Engage in a range of deliberative and democratic processes to develop strategies to address authentic, real-world proble...
USG.P.1.1.C
Gather and evaluate information regarding complex problems, assessing individual and collective actions taken to address...
USG.P.1.2
Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.
USG.P.1.2.A
Develop, investigate, and evaluate plausible answers to essential questions that reflect enduring understandings across ...
USG.P.1.2.B
Evaluate points of agreement and disagreement from reliable information and expert interpretations used to answer suppor...
USG.P.1.2.C
Reinforce critical thinking by evaluating and challenging ideas and assumptions; analyzing and explaining inconsistencie...
USG.P.1.2.D
Demonstrate understanding of content through the development of self-driven inquiries and the completion of multi-staged...
USG.P.2
Use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.
USG.P.2.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibili...
USG.P.2.1.A
Evaluate various significant documents from the United States of America and other nations to compare civic virtues and ...
USG.P.2.1.B
Evaluate the impact of the structure and powers exercised by governmental systems on public policy, using historical and...
USG.P.2.1.C
Analyze the impact of constitutions, laws, treaties, and international agreements, by comparing how various governmental...
USG.P.2.2
Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.
USG.P.2.2.A
Gather and evaluate the usefulness of various formats of evidence for specific inquiry, analyzing the broader historical...
USG.P.2.2.B
Analyze complex and interacting factors that influence multiple perspectives during different historical eras and contem...
USG.P.2.2.C
Evaluate how multiple, complex events are shaped by unique circumstances of time and place; construct and interpret para...
USG.P.2.3
Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on th...
USG.P.2.3.A
Actively engage in asking and answering geographic questions by acquiring, organizing, and analyzing multiple sources of...
USG.P.2.3.B
Compare and analyze complex maps and mapping technologies to analyze spatial patterns of human and physical environments...
USG.P.2.3.C
Evaluate the extent to which political and economic decisions have had significant impact on human and physical environm...
USG.P.2.4
Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, na...
USG.P.2.4.A
Evaluate economic data from charts and graphs, noting trends and making predictions.
USG.P.2.4.B
Construct arguments using a combination of evidence regarding solutions used by nations to address historical or contemp...
USG.P.2.4.C
Evaluate the impact, both intended and unintended, of government policies on market outcomes at national and global leve...
USG.P.3
Engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.
USG.P.3.1
Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.
USG.P.3.1.A
Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, evaluating features such as author,...
USG.P.3.1.B
Analyze information from visual, oral, digital, and interactive texts (e.g., maps, charts, images, political cartoons, v...
USG.P.3.2
Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspec...
USG.P.3.2.A
Evaluate the extent to which historical or cultural perspectives affect an author’s stated or implied purpose.
USG.P.3.2.B
Evaluate the author’s point of view, potential bias, and how authors can reach different conclusions regarding the same ...
USG.P.3.2.C
Actively listen, evaluate, and analyze a speaker’s message, asking questions while engaged in collaborative discussions ...
USG.P.4
Develop a variety of evidence-based written products designed for multiple purposes.
USG.P.4.1
Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presen...
USG.P.4.1.A
Compose informative essays and written products, developing a thesis, citing and incorporating evidence from multiple so...
USG.P.4.1.B
Compose argumentative written products, including a precise claim as distinguished from opposing claims, organizing logi...
USG.P.4.2
Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.
USG.P.4.2.A
Develop self-generated theses or claims related to independent research and investigations using credible and relevant s...
USG.P.4.2.B
Integrate quotes and summaries of research findings into written products while avoiding plagiarism.
USG.P.4.2.C
Construct presentations or products for a designated audience, using research and reasoning to enhance understanding of ...
USH.C.1
Analyze the transformation of the United States of America through its civil rights struggles, immigrant experiences, an...
USH.C.1.1
Explain the constitutional issues that arise in the post-Civil War era.
USH.C.1.1.A
Summarize the fundamental principles of the United States of America’s constitutional republic and how events of the pos...
USH.C.1.1.B
Analyze the Constitution’s concepts of federalism, separation of powers, and the system of checks and balances to changi...
USH.C.1.1.C
Examine the meaning and effects of the Reconstruction Amendments (13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments) and the Civil Rights ...
USH.C.1.2
Analyze the post-Reconstruction civil rights struggles of African Americans.
USH.C.1.2.A
Identify the significance of Juneteenth in relation to emancipation and modern-day commemorations.
USH.C.1.2.B
Explain the reasons for adoption of Black Codes immediately following the Civil War and their limitations on economic op...
USH.C.1.2.C
Describe how some Southerners responded to political and social change brought about by Reconstruction, including the ri...
USH.C.1.3
Analyze the causes and effects of the continuing westward migration and territorial growth after the Civil War.
USH.C.1.3.A
Explain the impact of the Homestead Act, the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad, and the purchase of Alaska on ...
USH.C.1.3.B
Describe Grant’s Peace Policy including the establishment of reservations and the use of religious organizations to assi...
USH.C.1.3.C
Examine American Indian perspectives on westward expansion and the end of the Indian Wars in the late nineteenth century...
USH.C.1.3.D
Describe the intent and effects of assimilation policies during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, inclu...
USH.C.1.3.E
Explain how federal policies such as allotment and assimilation contributed to the restructuring of Tribal governments a...
USH.C.1.4
Analyze the impact of immigration on settlement patterns in American society and economic growth.
USH.C.1.4.A
Summarize the reasons for immigration and the immigrant experiences at processing centers such as Ellis Island and Angel...
USH.C.1.4.B
Describe the Americanization programs which sought to integrate and assimilate immigrants (e.g., political party machine...
USH.C.1.4.C
Examine the rise and motivations of Nativism against a new wave of Eastern European immigrants.
USH.C.1.4.D
Describe the contributions of Chinese immigrants to the national economy and nativist opposition to their continued immi...
USH.C.1.4.E
Explain changes in federal immigration policy including the Chinese Exclusion Act, the Gentlemen’s Agreement, and the Su...
USH.C.2
Analyze the social, economic, and political changes that occurred during the American Industrial Revolution, the Gilded ...
USH.C.2.1
Evaluate the transformation of American society, economy, politics, and culture during the American Industrial Revolutio...
USH.C.2.1.A
Explain how the United States was transformed from an agrarian to an increasingly industrial, urbanized society and how ...
USH.C.2.1.B
Describe the changing role of the American farmer, including the establishment of the Granger movement.
USH.C.2.1.C
Analyze the impact of capitalism and laissez-faire policy on business practices, such as monopolies, the characterizatio...
USH.C.2.1.D
Identify the impact of new inventions and industrial production methods on the growth of the American economy and standa...
USH.C.2.1.E
Examine the complex conditions that characterized the Gilded Age (e.g., rapidly expanding economy, concentration of weal...
USH.C.2.1.F
Evaluate the role of muckrakers and social reformers (e.g., Jane Addams, Ida Tarbell, Jacob Riis, Upton Sinclair) on inc...
USH.C.2.1.G
Assess the significance of the Labor Movement, including the leadership of Samuel Gompers and Eugene V. Debs, by compari...
USH.C.2.2
Evaluate the efforts of major reform movements in addressing social issues.
USH.C.2.2.A
Describe the Women’s Suffrage Movement, focusing on the leadership of Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, as we...
USH.C.2.2.B
Explain how the Social Gospel movement emphasized the application of Christian principles of social justice to societal ...
USH.C.2.2.C
Summarize changing race relations as a result of the Plessy v. Ferguson decision, establishing a doctrine that became kn...
USH.C.2.2.D
Describe continued attempts to disenfranchise African Americans through the use of poll taxes and literacy tests by some...
USH.C.2.2.E
Compare the viewpoints of early civil right leaders, such as Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, and Ida B. Wells, in r...
USH.C.2.2.F
Evaluate the influence of the Niagara Movement and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP...
USH.C.2.3
Evaluate the rise and reforms of Populism and the Progressive Movement.
USH.C.2.3.A
Describe how democratic processes (e.g., direct primary, initiative petition, referendum, recall) intended to limit poli...
USH.C.2.3.B
Explain the impact of William Jennings Bryan and his Cross of Gold message on the political landscape.
USH.C.2.3.C
Trace the series of events leading to and the effects of the 16th and 17th Amendments to the Constitution of the United ...
USH.C.2.3.D
Describe how the rise of trusts and monopolies impacted consumers and workers, prompting government’s response with the ...
USH.C.2.4
Analyze and compare the personalities, actions and policies of presidents during the Progressive Era.
USH.C.2.4.A
Describe the efforts of President Theodore Roosevelt’s administration, including the promises of the Square Deal, Meat I...
USH.C.2.4.B
Examine President William Howard Taft’s trust-busting agenda, the Pure Food and Drug Act, and formation of the Interstat...
USH.C.2.4.C
Evaluate the significance of the 1912 presidential election, including the rise of Roosevelt's Bull Moose Party and the ...
USH.C.2.4.D
Describe the work of President Woodrow Wilson’s administration, including the promises of “New Freedom” and passage of t...
USH.C.3
Analyze the expanding role of the United States of America in international affairs as the United States of America was ...
USH.C.3.1
Evaluate the impact of Imperialism on international relations and its effect on developing nations.
USH.C.3.1.A
Explain the rise of the United States of America as a world power amidst debates over the United States of America’s rol...
USH.C.3.1.B
Compare the economic, religious, social, and political rationales for American imperialism, comparing the concept of Soc...
USH.C.3.1.C
Explain the economic and military justifications for the annexation of Hawaii, including the impact of Admiral Alfred T....
USH.C.3.1.D
Identify the events that led many people in the United States of America to support going to war with Spain, assessing h...
USH.C.3.1.E
Examine how the Spanish-American War resulted in the rise of the United States as a world power, leading to new territor...
USH.C.3.1.F
Assess the foreign policy of President Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Diplomacy and his Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, influ...
USH.C.3.1.G
Explain the focus of President Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy” to ensure the financial stability of a region while protecting ...
USH.C.3.1.H
Examine how President Wilson's ethical and religious beliefs influenced his vision of “Missionary Diplomacy” as the Unit...
USH.C.3.2
Evaluate the long-term impact of the United States’ entry into World War I on national politics, the economy, and societ...
USH.C.3.2.A
Examine the justification for the United States of America’s movement from neutrality to engagement in World War I by ex...
USH.C.3.2.B
Identify the Selective Service Act as a means to mobilize armed forces to support allied nations of the Triple Entente d...
USH.C.3.2.C
Describe the purpose of the Espionage Act and Sedition Act within the context of the First Red Scare and its impact on i...
USH.C.3.2.D
Explain how the American Expeditionary Forces, economic support, and the production of armaments helped turn the tide of...
USH.C.3.2.E
Analyze the impact of the war on the home front including the use of propaganda, women’s increased role in industry, the...
USH.C.3.2.F
Examine Wilson’s foreign policy as proposed in his Fourteen Points and reasons for the nation’s return to isolationism h...
USH.C.4
Analyze the cycles of economic boom and bust of the 1920s and 1930s on the transformation of the United States of Americ...
USH.C.4.1
Examine the transformations between the World Wars.
USH.C.4.1.A
Explain how the era reflected change, characterized by clashes between modern and traditional values, exemplified by the...
USH.C.4.1.B
Describe the transition from wartime to peace under the Harding Administration, including the demobilization of drafted ...
USH.C.4.1.C
Examine the presidency of President Calvin Coolidge and his philosophy of limited government and debates over immigratio...
USH.C.4.1.D
Describe Calvin Coolidge’s reflections in his 1926 address on the 150th anniversary of the United States of America’s in...
USH.C.4.1.E
Identify new forms of cultural expression (e.g., radio, Hollywood films, comic books), including the significant impact ...
USH.C.4.1.F
Describe the rising racial tensions in American society, resulting in the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan, lynchings, vio...
USH.C.4.1.G
Describe the purpose of the Anti-Defamation League in response to antisemitism in the early 20th Century.
USH.C.4.1.H
Assess the effects of the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 on the status of Tribal citizens with regards to dual citizensh...
USH.C.4.2
Analyze the prosperity of the Roaring Twenties and the collapse of the United States of America’s economy, leading to th...
USH.C.4.2.A
Describe the booming economy based upon access to easy credit through installment buying and a return to laissez-faire e...
USH.C.4.2.B
Examine the various factors contributing to and exacerbating the global depression, including German reparations, Allied...
USH.C.4.2.C
Identify causes contributing to an unstable economy including the overproduction of agriculture products, greater specul...
USH.C.4.2.D
Examine the role of monetary policy and the expansion of credit in the 1920’s including the creation and actions of the ...
USH.C.4.2.E
Examine the role of the Stock Market Crash and bank failures in weakening both the agricultural and manufacturing sector...
USH.C.4.2.F
Explain growing labor unrest and industry’s reactions by describing the use of sit-down strikes and court injunctions an...
USH.C.4.2.G
Analyze points of view regarding the economic and social impact of the Great Depression on individuals, families, and th...
USH.C.4.2.H
Analyze how President Herbert Hoover’s philosophy of “rugged individualism,” public works projects, and restrictive mone...
USH.C.4.3
Analyze the impact of the New Deal in addressing the challenges of the Great Depression by transforming the federal gove...
USH.C.4.3.A
Assess changing viewpoints regarding the expanding role of government as expressed in President Franklin Roosevelt’s Fir...
USH.C.4.3.B
Describe how national policies, based upon John Maynard Keynes’ theory of deficit spending, addressed the economic crisi...
USH.C.4.3.C
Analyze the controversies arising from New Deal economic policies, including charges of socialism and the effect of Pres...
USH.C.4.3.D
Summarize the goals and effectiveness of new federal agencies to address conditions of the Great Depression (e.g., Socia...
USH.C.4.3.E
Identify the natural and man-made factors resulting in the environmental disaster known as the Dust Bowl, analyzing its ...
USH.C.4.3.F
Explain how the Indian Reorganization Act intended to reverse federal policy by restoring lands to Tribal trust status a...
USH.C.4.3.G
Describe the extent that New Deal programs provided relief for African- Americans, including the influence of the “Black...
USH.C.4.3.H
Explain how the Great Depression and the New Deal affected American politics by the emergence of the New Deal Coalition.
USH.C.5
Analyze the United States of America’s role in international affairs by examining the major causes, events, and effects ...
USH.C.5.1
Describe the transformations in American society and government policy as the nation entered World War II.
USH.C.5.1.A
Examine fascism in Germany and Italy, including its roots in economic depression, effects of the Versailles Treaty, and ...
USH.C.5.1.B
Examine the roles of appeasement and isolationism in the United States of /America’s reluctance to respond to Fascist mi...
USH.C.5.1.C
Evaluate the industrial mobilization and psychological preparation for war as reflected in President Franklin Roosevelt’...
USH.C.5.1.D
Describe programs initiated to support Great Britain, including Lend-Lease, Destroyers for Bases, and Cash and Carry.
USH.C.5.1.E
Examine President Franklin Roosevelt’s leadership, including how he motivated Americans with the Day Which Will Live in ...
USH.C.5.1.F
Explain the reasons for President Roosevelt’s executive order for the incarceration of Americans of Japanese descent, th...
USH.C.5.1.G
Describe the war’s impact on the home front (e.g., rationing, the Bracero program, bond drives, conversion of factories ...
USH.C.5.2
Analyze the series of events affecting the outcome of World War II.
USH.C.5.2.A
Identify major battles, military turning points, and key strategic decisions in both the European and Pacific Theaters o...
USH.C.5.2.B
Describe the roles of individual American leaders, including Generals MacArthur and Eisenhower, as well as the unique co...
USH.C.5.2.C
Explain the purpose of the Allied conferences at Yalta and Potsdam and how such negotiations would affect post-war Europ...
USH.C.5.2.D
Analyze President Truman’s decision to use the atomic bomb and describe the legacy of the development and use of atomic ...
USH.C.5.3
Summarize the United States of America’s reactions to the events of the Shoah (Holocaust).
USH.C.5.3.A
Describe the United States of America government’s reactions to news of the Shoah during the war including condemnation ...
USH.C.5.3.B
Describe the liberation of concentration and death camps and the immigration of Shoah (Holocaust) survivors.
USH.C.5.3.C
Examine the United States of America’s participation in the Nuremberg Trials which held Nazi leaders accountable for war...
USH.C.5.4
Examine the impact of World War II on the lives of American citizens.
USH.C.5.4.A
Examine how wartime employment in the civilian economy and the armed services contributed to an end of the Great Depress...
USH.C.5.4.B
Explain changes in society during the postwar era (e.g., urban population migration to the suburbs, the baby boom, growt...
USH.C.5.4.C
Describe the goals and effects of the G. I. Bill of Rights and Truman’s “Fair Deal” on the average citizen.
USH.C.5.4.D
Assess the influence of Phillip Randolph regarding efforts to eliminate employment discrimination and the impact of Pres...
USH.C.6
Analyze foreign events and policies during the early Cold War Era.
USH.C.6.1
Analyze the origins of international alliances and efforts at containment of communism immediately following World War I...
USH.C.6.1.A
Analyze the effect of massive aid given to Western Europe under the Marshall Plan on the rebuilding of Europe.
USH.C.6.1.B
Describe the goals for the formation of the United Nations, including its focus on international security, as well as co...
USH.C.6.1.C
Evaluate ideological factors that contributed to the Cold War, identifying differences between the Soviet and American p...
USH.C.6.1.D
Identify early confrontations between the Soviet Union and the United States of America including the postwar division o...
USH.C.6.1.E
Describe the roles and consequences of the spheres of influence created by the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact.
USH.C.6.1.F
Assess the impact and successes of the Truman Doctrine including the American military response to the invasion of South...
USH.C.6.1.G
Describe American containment strategies as they applied to the Middle East, as well as United States of America’s milit...
USH.C.6.2
Describe domestic events related to the Cold War and its aftermath.
USH.C.6.2.A
Summarize the reasons for the public fear of communist influence within the United States of America and how politicians...
USH.C.6.2.B
Explain the origins and consequences of McCarthyism and the Second Red Scare, including the Hollywood Blacklist and Pres...
USH.C.6.2.C
Describe the Army-McCarthy hearings and examine controversies related to Alger Hiss and the Rosenberg spy trials, explai...
USH.C.6.3
Analyze the escalation of international tensions by examining the series of events and their long- term foreign and dome...
USH.C.6.3.A
Examine the impact of the proliferation of nuclear weapons and the resulting nuclear arms race on public perceptions of ...
USH.C.6.3.B
Explain President Dwight Eisenhower’s concern regarding the power of the military industrial complex to influence Americ...
USH.C.6.3.C
Evaluate the continuing role of television and other mass media regarding their influence over the 1960 Nixon-Kennedy de...
USH.C.6.3.D
Explain President Kennedy’s foreign policy as expressed in his inaugural address, including the establishment of the Pea...
USH.C.6.3.E
Evaluate President Kennedy’s decisions regarding the Bay of Pigs Invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis, leading to the N...
USH.C.6.3.F
Explain how the concept of brinkmanship and the doctrine of mutually assured destruction (MAD) affected defense strategi...
USH.C.6.3.G
Analyze the escalation of events drawing the United States into military involvement in Vietnam (e.g., Domino Theory, Vi...
USH.C.6.3.H
Explain how the Vietnam conflict impacted domestic affairs (e.g., outcome of the presidential election of 1968, universi...
USH.C.6.3.I
Analyze the political and economic impact of President Nixon’s foreign policies including détente and the opening of Chi...
USH.C.7
Analyze the cause and effects of significant domestic events and policies impacting the lives of American citizens.
USH.C.7.1
Analyze the major events, personalities, tactics, and effects of the Civil Rights Movement.
USH.C.7.1.A
Explain how segregation took multiple forms by comparing de jure segregation (e.g., miscegenation laws, public transport...
USH.C.7.1.B
Describe the legal attacks on segregation by the NAACP and its attorney Thurgood Marshall, summarizing major Supreme Cou...
USH.C.7.1.C
Describe violent responses to the Civil Rights Movement, including the Birmingham church bombing and the assassination o...
USH.C.7.1.D
Identify the tactics used at different times to achieve racial equality (e.g., Montgomery Bus Boycott, desegregation of ...
USH.C.7.1.E
Compare the viewpoints and influence of civil rights leadership (e.g., Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. reflected in his I Ha...
USH.C.7.1.F
Identify legislative achievements arising from the Civil Rights Movement and their impact on African American political ...
USH.C.7.1.G
Describe the influence of American religion and prominent religious leaders on civil rights and human rights activism (e...
USH.C.7.2
Examine how the Civil Rights Movement intersected with various other movements for individual rights and liberties.
USH.C.7.2.A
Describe the goals of American Indian civil rights efforts by evaluating the strategies of the American Indian Movement ...
USH.C.7.2.B
Explain changes in Tribal self-determination gained through legislation, such as the Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968, In...
USH.C.7.2.C
Describe how the League of the United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) challenged school segregation through landmark law...
USH.C.7.2.D
Describe the goals and effectiveness of the United Farm Workers movement, including the leadership of César Chávez and D...
USH.C.7.2.E
Compare the changing roles of women including the goals of the Women’s Liberation Movement and the National Organization...
USH.C.7.2.F
Examine perspectives on issues related to the debate over the Equal Rights Amendment and the Roe v. Wade decision.
USH.C.7.3
Analyze the ongoing social and political transformations within the United States of America , affecting domestic and fo...
USH.C.7.3.A
Examine the role of the Warren Court’s application of the due process clause of the 14th Amendment (Incorporation Doctri...
USH.C.7.3.B
Assess the rise of liberalism in the 1960s and the lasting impact of President Lyndon Johnson’s War on Poverty and the G...
USH.C.7.3.C
Describe the changing immigration policy, with emphasis on how the Immigration Act of 1965 began to transform American s...
USH.C.7.3.D
Identify the goals of the environmental protection movement, including the influence of the publication of Rachel Carson...
USH.C.7.3.E
Analyze the political and economic impact of President Nixon’s foreign policies including détente and the opening of Chi...
USH.C.7.3.F
Describe the election of Richard Nixon, including his appeal to “the silent majority” and the effects of the Watergate S...
USH.C.8
Analyze the rationale and impact of foreign and domestic policies of the late 20th century.
USH.C.8.1
Evaluate the foreign and domestic policies, as well as the legacy of President Jimmy Carter.
USH.C.8.1.A
Examine the economic challenges of the 1970s, including stagflation (characterized by slow economic growth, high unemplo...
USH.C.8.1.B
Describe the negotiation of the Camp David Accords leading to the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty.
USH.C.8.1.C
Explain reaction to the OPEC oil embargo and issuance of the Carter Doctrine regarding national interests in the Persian...
USH.C.8.1.D
Evaluate the impact of the diplomatic standoff of the Iran Hostage Crisis and the failed rescue mission.
USH.C.8.1.E
Describe the legacy of public service exemplified by President Carter’s post-public service humanitarian efforts.
USH.C.8.2
Analyze the presidency of Ronald Reagan and the rise of the conservative movement in American politics.
USH.C.8.2.A
Identify the economic and domestic policies of the Reagan Administration known as “Reaganomics”, featuring tax cuts and ...
USH.C.8.2.B
Describe Reagan’s anti-communist stance, as expressed in his Tear Down This Wall speech and defense policies (e.g., resp...
USH.C.8.2.C
Summarize the emergence of the United States of America and the shift in world power following the fall of the Berlin Wa...
USH.C.8.2.D
Explain how the public's perception of the President was influenced by the Iran-Contra Scandal.
USH.C.8.3
Describe the policy goals of President George H.W. Bush.
USH.C.8.3.A
Evaluate the effectiveness of the international coalition to counter Iraqi aggression in the Persian Gulf.
USH.C.8.3.B
Examine justifications for using United States of America’s troops to overthrow the regime of Panama’s General Noriega.
USH.C.8.3.C
Describe the significance of passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.
USH.C.8.4
Evaluate the major domestic and foreign policies of the William J. Clinton administration.
USH.C.8.4.A
Describe the United States of America’s continuing global influence which contributed to the creation of NAFTA and NATO ...
USH.C.8.4.B
Explain how President Clinton’s economic policies of taxation, limits on discretionary spending, and economic conditions...
USH.C.8.4.C
Evaluate the rise of domestic terrorism as exemplified by the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building.
USH.C.8.4.D
Summarize the political impact of President Clinton’s impeachment on the perceptions of the presidency and powers of Con...
USH.C.9
Analyze contemporary turning points of 21st century American society.
USH.C.9.1
Assess the significant events of the George W. Bush administration.
USH.C.9.1.A
Summarize the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, including examples of heroism and efforts to combat terrorism (e....
USH.C.9.1.B
Describe the consequences of United States engagement in the Afghanistan and Iraqi wars.
USH.C.9.1.C
Evaluate the environmental and human crisis created by Hurricane Katrina, including the response by FEMA.
USH.C.9.1.D
Identify the roots of the Great Recession, beginning with the housing bubble’s burst, the global financial crisis, and a...
USH.C.9.2
Analyze the significant events during the Barack Obama administration.
USH.C.9.2.A
Describe the economic philosophy of the Tea Party movement and how its ideas currently influence political party systems...
USH.C.9.2.B
Assess the goals and management of military engagements (e.g., wars in Afghanistan and Iraq).
USH.C.9.2.C
Describe the goals of the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare), explaining challenges to its enactment.
USH.C.9.2.D
Explain the intent and outcome of the DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) program.
USH.C.9.2.E
Identify the outcome of the grassroots protests of the Dakota Access Pipeline and its potential impact on Tribal water r...
USH.C.9.3
Examine the significant events during the first Donald J. Trump administration. Analyze the Trump administration’s polic...
USH.C.9.4
Examine the significant events during the Joseph R. Biden administration. Analyze the Biden administration’s policies an...
USH.P.1
Apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.
USH.P.1.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real- world problems.
USH.P.1.1.A
Evaluate the impact of perspectives, civil discourse, and democratic principles on addressing civic issues.
USH.P.1.1.B
Engage in a range of deliberative and democratic processes to develop strategies to address authentic, real-world proble...
USH.P.1.1.C
Gather and evaluate information regarding complex problems, assessing individual and collective actions taken to address...
USH.P.1.2
Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.
USH.P.1.2.A
Develop, investigate, and evaluate plausible answers to essential questions that reflect enduring understandings across ...
USH.P.1.2.B
Evaluate points of agreement and disagreement from reliable information and expert interpretations used to answer suppor...
USH.P.1.2.C
Reinforce critical thinking by evaluating and challenging ideas and assumptions, analyzing and explaining inconsistencie...
USH.P.1.2.D
Demonstrate understanding of content through the development of self-driven inquiries and the completion of multi-staged...
USH.P.2
Use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.
USH.P.2.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibili...
USH.P.2.1.A
Evaluate various significant documents from the United States of America and other nations to compare civic virtues and ...
USH.P.2.1.B
Evaluate the impact of the structure and powers exercised by governmental systems on public policy, using historical and...
USH.P.2.1.C
Analyze the impact of constitutions, laws, treaties, and international agreements, by comparing how various governmental...
USH.P.2.2
Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.
USH.P.2.2.A
Gather and evaluate the usefulness of various formats of evidence for specific inquiry, analyzing the broader historical...
USH.P.2.2.B
Analyze complex and interacting factors that influence multiple perspectives during different historical eras and contem...
USH.P.2.2.C
Evaluate how multiple, complex events are shaped by unique circumstances of time and place; construct and interpret para...
USH.P.2.3
Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on th...
USH.P.2.3.A
Actively engage in asking and answering geographic questions by acquiring, organizing, and analyzing multiple sources of...
USH.P.2.3.B
Compare and analyze complex maps and mapping technologies to analyze spatial patterns of human and physical environments...
USH.P.2.3.C
Evaluate the extent to which political and economic decisions have had significant impact on human and physical environm...
USH.P.2.4
Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, na...
USH.P.2.4.A
Evaluate economic data from charts and graphs, noting trends and making predictions.
USH.P.2.4.B
Construct arguments using a combination of evidence regarding solutions used by nations to address historical or contemp...
USH.P.2.4.C
Evaluate the impact, both intended and unintended, of government policies on market outcomes at national and global leve...
USH.P.3
Engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.
USH.P.3.1
Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.
USH.P.3.1.A
Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, evaluating features such as author,...
USH.P.3.1.B
Analyze information from visual, oral, digital, and interactive texts (e.g., maps, charts, images, political cartoons, v...
USH.P.3.2
Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspec...
USH.P.3.2.A
Evaluate the extent to which historical or cultural perspectives affect an author’s stated or implied purpose.
USH.P.3.2.B
Evaluate the author’s point of view, potential bias, and how authors can reach different conclusions regarding the same ...
USH.P.3.2.C
Actively listen, evaluate, and analyze a speaker’s message, asking questions while engaged in collaborative discussions ...
USH.P.4
Develop a variety of evidence-based written products designed for multiple purposes.
USH.P.4.1
Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presen...
USH.P.4.1.A
Compose informative essays and written products, developing a thesis, citing and incorporating evidence from multiple so...
USH.P.4.1.B
Compose argumentative written products, including a precise claim as distinguished from opposing claims, organizing logi...
USH.P.4.2
Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.
USH.P.4.2.A
Develop self-generated theses or claims related to independent research and investigations using credible and relevant s...
USH.P.4.2.B
Integrate quotes and summaries of research findings into written products while avoiding plagiarism.
USH.P.4.2.C
Construct presentations or products for a designated audience, using research and reasoning to enhance understanding of ...
WG.C.1
Use maps and other geographic representations, tools and technologies to acquire, process, and solve problems from a spa...
WG.C.1.1
Analyze key concepts underlying the geographical perspectives of location, space, place, scale, pattern, regionalization...
WG.C.1.2
Utilize geographic skills to understand and analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on the ...
WG.C.1.3
Define regions and analyze changing interconnections among places, using historical and contemporary examples.
WG.C.1.4
Utilize geographic technologies and geographical data including census data and imagery to draw conclusions about the in...
WG.C.2
Analyze how the human population is organized geographically in order to understand how change affects human systems.
WG.C.2.1
Interpret geographic data measuring population including density, distribution, patterns of composition, and population ...
WG.C.2.2
Examine common characteristics of urban versus rural communities, including the patterns and impact of modern migration ...
WG.C.2.3
Explain the push and pull theory of migration and its impact on human capital and demographic transitions, including the...
WG.C.3
Analyze the components and regional variations of cultural patterns and processes.
WG.C.3.1
Compare the world’s major cultural landscapes to analyze cultural differences, cultural identity, social mores, and sets...
WG.C.3.2
Describe and draw conclusions about the spatial dimensions of culture as defined by language, religion, and ethnicity.
WG.C.3.3
Analyze the role of the environment in influencing a region’s culture.
WG.C.3.4
Explain the processes of cultural diffusion and interdependence, analyzing their impact on defining a region.
WG.C.4
Explain the political organization of space.
WG.C.4.1
Analyze the nature and meaning of territorial boundaries and their influence on identity, interaction, and exchange.
WG.C.4.2
Compare the world’s political systems of government, based on limited versus unlimited authority, including the rights a...
WG.C.4.3
Examine changes and challenges to political/territorial arrangements, by describing the forces that shape the world’s co...
WG.C.4.4
Evaluate how the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the control and management of territory and r...
WG.C.4.5
Explain how international alliance networks respond to changing needs of people, places, and regions.
WG.C.5
Analyze patterns of land use among the world’s people.
WG.C.5.1
Analyze settlement patterns associated with major agricultural regions and linkages among regions of food production and...
WG.C.5.2
Describe the characteristics of modern commercial agriculture including major production regions, variations within majo...
WG.C.5.3
Examine the impact of agricultural practices (e.g., irrigation, levees, terraced farming, crop rotation, conservation, a...
WG.C.5.4
Explain how transportation improvements (e.g., aqueducts, canals, railroad systems, airports) impacted human development...
WG.C.5.5
Analyze the influence of geography on current issues to consider decisions regarding future land use, including the cost...
WG.C.6
Analyze the impact of industrialization on economic development.
WG.C.6.1
Examine the significance of access to natural resources, energy, and technological innovations (e.g., wind, solar, nucle...
WG.C.6.2
Compare the impact of government policies in both market and command economic systems on the availability and use of nat...
WG.C.6.3
Compare contemporary patterns of industrialization and development in selected regions of the world.
WG.C.6.4
Describe common characteristics of developed nations and compare variations in levels of development.
WG.C.6.5
Explain how changes in the physical environment and political environment influence changes in economic activity within ...
WG.P.1
Apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.
WG.P.1.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real- world problems.
WG.P.1.1.A
Evaluate the impact of perspectives, civil discourse, and democratic principles on addressing civic issues.
WG.P.1.1.B
Engage in a range of deliberative and democratic processes to develop strategies to address authentic, real-world proble...
WG.P.1.1.C
Gather and evaluate information regarding complex problems, assessing individual and collective actions taken to address...
WG.P.1.2
Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.
WG.P.1.2.A
Develop, investigate, and evaluate plausible answers to essential questions that reflect enduring understandings across ...
WG.P.1.2.B
Evaluate points of agreement and disagreement from reliable information and expert interpretations used to answer suppor...
WG.P.1.2.C
Reinforce critical thinking by evaluating and challenging ideas and assumptions, analyzing and explaining inconsistencie...
WG.P.1.2.D
Demonstrate understanding of content through the development of self-driven inquiries and the completion of multi-staged...
WG.P.2
Use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.
WG.P.2.1
Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibili...
WG.P.2.1.A
Evaluate various significant documents from the United States of America and other nations to compare civic virtues and ...
WG.P.2.1.B
Evaluate the impact of the structure and powers exercised by governmental systems on public policy, using historical and...
WG.P.2.1.C
Analyze the impact of constitutions, laws, treaties, and international agreements, by comparing how various governmental...
WG.P.2.2
Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.
WG.P.2.2.A
Gather and evaluate the usefulness of various formats of evidence for specific inquiry, analyzing the broader historical...
WG.P.2.2.B
Analyze complex and interacting factors that influence multiple perspectives during different historical eras and contem...
WG.P.2.2.C
Evaluate how multiple, complex events are shaped by unique circumstances of time and place; construct and interpret para...
WG.P.2.3
Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on th...
WG.P.2.3.A
Actively engage in asking and answering geographic questions by acquiring, organizing, and analyzing multiple sources of...
WG.P.2.3.B
Compare and analyze complex maps and mapping technologies to analyze spatial patterns of human and physical environments...
WG.P.2.3.C
Evaluate the extent to which political and economic decisions have had significant impact on human and physical environm...
WG.P.2.4
Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, na...
WG.P.2.4.A
Evaluate economic data from charts and graphs, noting trends and making predictions.
WG.P.2.4.B
Construct arguments using a combination of evidence regarding solutions used by nations to address historical or contemp...
WG.P.2.4.C
Evaluate the impact, both intended and unintended, of government policies on market outcomes at national and global leve...
WG.P.3
Engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.
WG.P.3.1
Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.
WG.P.3.1.A
Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, evaluating features such as author,...
WG.P.3.1.B
Analyze information from visual, oral, digital, and interactive texts (e.g., maps, charts, images, political cartoons, v...
WG.P.3.2
Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspec...
WG.P.3.2.A
Evaluate the extent to which historical or cultural perspectives affect an author’s stated or implied purpose.
WG.P.3.2.B
Evaluate the author’s point of view, potential bias, and how authors can reach different conclusions regarding the same ...
WG.P.3.2.C
Actively listen, evaluate, and analyze a speaker’s message, asking questions while engaged in collaborative discussions ...
WG.P.4
Develop a variety of evidence-based written products designed for multiple purposes.
WG.P.4.1
Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presen...
WG.P.4.1.A
Compose informative essays and written products, developing a thesis, citing and incorporating evidence from multiple so...
WG.P.4.1.B
Compose argumentative written products, including a precise claim as distinguished from opposing claims, organizing logi...
WG.P.4.2
Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.
WG.P.4.2.A
Develop self-generated theses or claims related to independent research and investigations using credible and relevant s...
WG.P.4.2.B
Integrate quotes and summaries of research findings into written products while avoiding plagiarism.
WG.P.4.2.C
Construct presentations or products for a designated audience, using research and reasoning to enhance understanding of ...