Oklahoma Social Studies PS.1.5
The Standard
- PS.1
- Examine the foundations of psychology and its origins as an empirical science.
Compare quantitative and qualitative research strategies including experiments, surveys, focus groups, and narratives as the foundation of research in psychology.
Oklahoma Academic Standards for Social Studies (2026) · PS.1
Teacher's field guide
What This Standard Means
What Students Need to Do
- Students compare experiments, surveys, focus groups, and personal narratives. They sort numbers from spoken or written accounts and choose a method that fits a research question.
What Mastery Looks Like
- Students can choose a method for a question about sleep or memory and describe the data it would produce. They can explain why survey results alone do not prove cause and effect.
Common Misconceptions
- Students may think every survey produces only numbers, even when it asks for written answers. They may treat one person's story as proof that a habit causes an outcome. They may confuse a pattern in the data with cause and effect.
How to Assess It
- Exit ticket: For “Does music change word recall?” and “Why do students study with music?”, choose a research method for each. Name the data you would collect and one limit of each method.
Lesson moves
Ways to Teach It
Run a two-round word recall test, once in silence and once with music, then tally scores and discuss whether test order affected results.
Ask: How might a focus group and one student's personal narrative answer “Why do teens stay up late?” differently?
Give pairs method cards and question cards; have them match each question to a method and name one limit of their choice.
Hand out a mock school sleep survey with hours slept and open comments; students mark which answers yield counts and which explain experiences.
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Printable PS.1.5 Worksheet
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Related Standards
- PS.1.3
Compare the appropriate application of experimental and non-experimental research methodologies (e.g., case study, correlation, meta-analysis, and naturalistic ...
- PS.1.1
Analyze the context and origins of psychology including the major approaches to psychology (e.g., cognitive-behavioral, psychoanalytic, cognitive) and major his...
- S.1.3
Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the major methods of sociological research, including surveys and interviews, experiments, observations, content analys...
- PS.1
Examine the foundations of psychology and its origins as an empirical science.
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