Oklahoma Social Studies AWH.P.2.3

Social StudiesGrades 9–12Social Studies Practices

Standard Cluster

Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on the past and present. Actively engage in asking and answering geographic questions by acquiring, organizing, and analyzing multiple sources of data and information about the world’s past and present. Compare and analyze complex maps and mapping technologies to analyze spatial patterns of human and physical environments, explaining relationships between the environment and events, past and present. Evaluate the extent to which political and economic decisions have had significant impact on human and physical environments of various places and regions.

Oklahoma Academic Standards for Social Studies (2026)

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AWH.P.2.3 is a cluster heading. These are the individual standards under it.

Teacher's field guide

What This Cluster Means

What Students Need to Do

Students compare maps from different times with satellite images and data. They look for patterns in where people live, farm, and use water. They use the evidence to explain how geography shaped decisions and how those decisions changed a place.

What Mastery Looks Like

A student checks map dates, keys, and scale before describing a change. They cite more than one source to explain how a decision affected people and the environment. They can do this for more than one region.

Common Misconceptions

Students may read a change in map color as a real change without checking the key or date. They may blame a shrinking lake only on drought and overlook water diverted for farming. They may assume everyone in the region was affected the same way.

How to Assess It

Give students 1960 and 2020 Aral Sea maps and a cotton harvest graph. Ask where the shoreline changed most and what the sources suggest about cotton irrigation's role.

Lesson moves

Ways to Teach It

  1. Place tracing paper over 1960 and 2020 Aral Sea maps, mark shoreline loss, then add canals from a third map.

  2. Ask who gained and who lost when rivers were diverted for cotton, using a cotton harvest graph and shoreline map as evidence.

  3. Give pairs four undated Aral Sea maps; have them put the maps in order and point to the clues they used.

  4. Compare the U.S. Drought Monitor map with USDA cropland maps, then choose a county for irrigation funding and explain why.

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