Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Social Studies

History. The student understands that holidays are celebrations of special events. The student is expected to:

The student understands similarities and differences among individuals. The student is expected to identify similarities...

Culture. The student understands the importance of family traditions. The student is expected to:

describe and explain the importance of family traditions; and

compare traditions among families.

Science, technology, and society. The student understands ways technology is used in the home and school and how technol...

identify examples of technology used in the home and school;

describe how technology helps accomplish specific tasks and meet people's needs; and

describe how his or her life might be different without modern technology.

Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a vari...

identify and state facts based on relevant evidence;

identify different kinds of historical sources and artifacts and explain how they can be used to study the past;

gather information about a topic using a variety of valid oral and visual sources such as interviews, music, pictures, s...

sequence and categorize information.

Social studies skills. The student communicates in oral and visual forms. The student is expected to:

place events in chronological order;

use social studies terminology related to time and chronology correctly, including before, after, next, first, last, yes...

communicate information visually, orally, or in writing based on knowledge and experiences in social studies;

create and interpret visuals, including pictures and maps; and

apply and practice classroom rules and procedures for listening and responding respectfully.

The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others. The student is expec...

use democratic procedures to collaborate with others when making decisions on issues in the classroom, school, or commun...

use problem-solving and decision-making processes to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, ...

identify national patriotic holidays such as Constitution Day, Presidents' Day, Veterans Day, and Independence Day; and

identify customs associated with national patriotic holidays such as parades and fireworks on Independence Day.

The student understands how historical figures helped shape the state and nation. The student is expected to identify co...

Geography. The student understands the concept of location. The student is expected to:

use spatial terms, including over, under, near, far, left, and right, to describe relative location;

locate places on the school campus and describe their relative locations; and

identify and use geographic tools that aid in determining location, including maps and globes.

Geography. The student understands physical and human characteristics of place to better understand self, home, family, ...

identify the physical characteristics of place such as landforms, bodies of water, Earth's resources, and weather; and

identify how geographic location influences human characteristics of place such as shelter, clothing, food, and activiti...

Economics. The student understands the difference between human needs and wants and how they are met. The student is exp...

identify basic human needs of food, clothing, and shelter;

explain the difference between needs and wants; and

explain how basic human needs and wants can be met.

Economics. The student understands the value of jobs. The student is expected to:

identify jobs in the home, school, and community; and

explain why people have jobs.

Government. The student understands the purpose of rules. The student is expected to:

identify purposes for having rules; and

identify rules that provide order, security, and safety in the home and school.

Government. The student understands the role of authority figures. The student is expected to:

identify authority figures in the home, school, and community; and

explain how authority figures enforce rules.

Citizenship. The student understands important symbols, customs, and responsibilities that represent American beliefs an...

identify the United States flag and the Texas state flag;

recite the Pledge of Allegiance to the United States Flag and the Pledge to the Texas Flag; and

use voting as a method for group decision making.

History. The student understands the origins of customs, holidays, and celebrations. The student is expected to:

Government. The student understands the purpose of rules and laws. The student is expected to:

explain the purpose for rules and laws in the home, school, and community; and

identify rules and laws that establish order, provide security, and manage conflict.

Government. The student understands the role of authority figures and public officials. The student is expected to:

identify the responsibilities of authority figures in the home, school, and community; and

identify and describe the roles of public officials in the community, state, and nation.

Citizenship. The student understands characteristics of good citizenship as exemplified by historical figures and other ...

identify characteristics of good citizenship, including truthfulness, justice, equality, respect for oneself and others,...

identify historical figures and other individuals who have exemplified good citizenship such as Benjamin Franklin and El...

Citizenship. The student understands important symbols, customs, and celebrations that represent American beliefs and pr...

explain state and national patriotic symbols, including the United States and Texas flags, the Liberty Bell, the Statue ...

recite the Pledge of Allegiance to the United States Flag and the Pledge to the Texas Flag;

identify anthems and mottoes of Texas and the United States;

explain and practice voting as a way of making choices and decisions; and

explain how patriotic customs and celebrations reflect American individualism and freedom.

Culture. The student understands the importance of family and community beliefs, language, and traditions. The student i...

describe and explain the importance of beliefs, language, and traditions of families and communities; and

explain the way folktales and legends reflect beliefs, language, and traditions of communities.

Science, technology, and society. The student identifies individuals who created or invented new technology and understa...

describe how technology has affected the ways families live;

describe how technology has affected communication, transportation, and recreation; and

identify the contributions of scientists and inventors such as Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison, and Garrett Morgan.

Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a vari...

identify and state facts based on relevant evidence;

identify different kinds of historical sources and artifacts and explain how they can be used to study the past;

gather information about a topic using a variety of valid oral and visual sources such as interviews, music, pictures, s...

sequence and categorize information.

Social studies skills. The student communicates in oral, visual, and written forms. The student is expected to:

use a simple timeline to distinguish among past, present, and future;

use a calendar to describe and measure time in days, weeks, months, and years;

communicate information visually, orally, or in writing based on knowledge and experiences in social studies;

create and interpret visual and written material;

use social studies terminology correctly; and

apply and practice classroom rules and procedures for listening and responding respectfully.

Social studies skills. The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with other...

use democratic procedures to collaborate with others when making decisions on issues in the classroom, school, or commun...

use problem-solving and decision-making processes to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, ...

describe the origins of customs, holidays, and celebrations of the community, state, and nation such as Constitution Day...

compare the observance of holidays and celebrations.

History. The student understands how historical figures helped shape the state and nation. The student is expected to:

identify contributions of historical figures, including Sam Houston, George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, and Martin Luth...

compare the lives of historical figures who have influenced the state and nation.

Geography. The student understands the relative location of places. The student is expected to:

describe the location of self and objects relative to other locations in the classroom and school using spatial terms; a...

locate places using the four cardinal directions.

Geography. The student understands the purpose of geographic tools, including maps and globes. The student is expected t...

create and use simple maps such as maps of the home, classroom, school, and community; and

locate and explore the community, Texas, and the United States on maps and globes.

Geography. The student understands physical and human characteristics of place to better understand their community and ...

identify and describe the physical characteristics of place such as landforms, bodies of water, Earth's resources, and w...

identify and describe how geographic location influences the human characteristics of place such as shelter, clothing, f...

Economics. The student understands how families meet basic human needs. The student is expected to:

describe ways that families meet basic human needs; and

describe similarities and differences in ways families meet basic human needs.

Economics. The student understands the concepts of goods and services. The student is expected to:

identify examples of goods and services in the home, school, and community;

identify ways people exchange goods and services; and

identify the role of markets in the exchange of goods and services.

Economics. The student understands the condition of not being able to have all the goods and services one wants. The stu...

identify examples of people wanting more than they can have;

explain why wanting more than they can have requires that people make choices; and

identify examples of choices families make when buying goods and services.

Economics. The student understands the value of work. The student is expected to:

describe the tools of various jobs and the characteristics of a job well performed; and

describe how various jobs contribute to the production of goods and services.

History. The student understands the historical significance of landmarks and celebrations in the community, state, and ...

Citizenship. The student understands characteristics of good citizenship as exemplified by historical figures and other ...

identify characteristics of good citizenship, including truthfulness, justice, equality, respect for oneself and others,...

identify historical figures and other individuals who have exemplified good citizenship such as Paul Revere, Abigail Ada...

identify ways to actively practice good citizenship, including involvement in community service.

Citizenship. The student understands important symbols, customs, and celebrations that represent American beliefs and pr...

recite the Pledge of Allegiance to the United States Flag and the Pledge to the Texas Flag;

sing, recite, or identify selected patriotic songs, including "The Star-Spangled Banner" and "America the Beautiful";

use voting as a method for group decision making;

identify symbols such as state and national birds and flowers and Uncle Sam; and

identify how selected symbols, customs, and celebrations reflect an American love of individualism, inventiveness, and f...

Culture. The student understands ethnic and/or cultural celebrations. The student is expected to:

identify the significance of various ethnic and/or cultural celebrations; and

compare ethnic and/or cultural celebrations.

Science, technology, and society. The student understands how science and technology have affected life, past and presen...

describe how science and technology have affected communication, transportation, and recreation; and

explain how science and technology have affected the ways in which people meet basic needs.

The student identifies individuals who exhibited individualism and inventiveness. The student is expected to identify in...

Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a vari...

identify and state facts based on relevant evidence;

identify different kinds of historical sources and artifacts and explain how they can be used to study the past;

gather information about a topic using a variety of valid oral and visual sources such as interviews, music, pictures, m...

interpret oral, visual, and print material by sequencing, categorizing, identifying the main idea, predicting, comparing...

Social studies skills. The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms. The student is expected to:

describe the order of events by using designations of time periods such as historical and present times;

apply vocabulary related to chronology, including past, present, and future;

create and interpret timelines for events in the past and present;

use social studies terminology correctly;

communicate information visually, orally, or in writing based on knowledge and experiences in social studies;

create written and visual material such as stories, maps, and graphic organizers to express ideas; and

apply and practice classroom rules and procedures for listening and responding respectfully.

Social studies skills. The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with other...

use democratic procedures to collaborate with others when making decisions on issues in the classroom, school, or commun...

use problem-solving and decision-making processes to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, ...

explain the significance of various community, state, and national celebrations such as Veterans Day, Memorial Day, Inde...

identify and explain the significance of various community, state, and national landmarks such as monuments and governme...

History. The student understands how historical figures helped shape the community, state, and nation. The student is ex...

identify contributions of historical figures, including Thurgood Marshall, Irma Rangel, and Theodore Roosevelt, who have...

describe how people and events have influenced local community history.

Geography. The student uses simple geographic tools, including maps and globes. The student is expected to:

identify and use information on maps and globes using basic map elements such as title, cardinal directions, and legend;...

create maps to show places and routes within the home, school, and community.

Geography. The student understands the location of places in their community, state, country, and the world. The student...

identify major landforms and bodies of water, including each of the seven continents and each of the oceans, on maps and...

locate places, including the local community, Texas, the United States, the state capital, the U.S. capital, and the bor...

Geography. The student understands how humans use and modify the physical environment. The student is expected to:

identify ways in which people have modified the physical environment such as clearing land, building roads, using land f...

identify consequences of human modification of the physical environment; and

identify ways people can conserve and replenish Earth's resources.

Economics. The student understands the value of work. The student is expected to:

explain how work provides income to purchase goods and services; and

explain the choices people can make about earning, spending, and saving money.

Economics. The student understands the roles of producers and consumers in the production of goods and services. The stu...

distinguish between producing and consuming;

identify ways in which people are both producers and consumers; and

trace the development of a product from a natural resource to a finished product.

Government. The student understands the purpose of governments. The student is expected to:

identify functions of governments such as establishing order, providing security, and managing conflict; and

identify governmental services in the community such as police and fire protection, libraries, schools, and parks and ex...

Government. The student understands the role of public officials. The student is expected to:

name current public officials, including mayor, governor, and president;

compare the roles of public officials, including mayor, governor, and president;

identify ways that public officials are selected, including election and appointment to office; and

identify how citizens participate in their own governance through staying informed of what public officials are doing, p...

History. The student understands how individuals, events, and ideas have influenced the history of various communities. ...

Culture. The student understands ethnic and/or cultural celebrations of the local community and other communities. The s...

explain the significance of various ethnic and/or cultural celebrations in the local community and other communities; an...

compare ethnic and/or cultural celebrations in the local community with other communities.

Culture. The student understands the role of heroes in shaping the culture of communities, the state, and the nation. Th...

identify and describe the heroic deeds of state and national heroes and military and first responders such as Hector P. ...

identify and describe the heroic deeds of individuals such as Harriet Tubman, Todd Beamer, and other contemporary heroes...

The student understands the importance of writers and artists to the cultural heritage of communities. The student is ex...

Science, technology, and society. The student understands how individuals have created or invented new technology and af...

identify individuals who have discovered scientific breakthroughs or created or invented new technology such as Jonas Sa...

describe the impact of scientific breakthroughs and new technology in computers, pasteurization, and medical vaccines on...

Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a vari...

gather information, including historical and current events and geographic data, about the community using a variety of ...

differentiate and compare the information about a specific issue or event provided in primary and secondary sources;

interpret oral, visual, and print material by sequencing, categorizing, identifying the main idea, distinguishing betwee...

interpret and create visuals, including graphs, charts, tables, timelines, illustrations, and maps;

identify the central claim in a primary or secondary source; and

develop and communicate a claim and supporting evidence visually, orally, or in writing related to a social studies topi...

Social studies skills. The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms. The student is expected to:

use social studies terminology correctly;

create and interpret timelines;

apply the terms year, decade, and century to describe historical times;

express ideas orally based on knowledge and experiences;

create written and visual material such as stories, pictures, maps, and graphic organizers to express ideas; and

apply foundational language skills to engage in civil discourse about social studies topics, including those with multip...

Social studies skills. The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with other...

use democratic procedures to simulate making decisions on school, local, or state issues; and

use problem-solving and decision-making processes to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, ...

describe how individuals, events, and ideas have changed communities, past and present;

identify individuals, including Pierre-Charles L'Enfant, Benjamin Banneker, and Benjamin Franklin, who have helped to sh...

describe how individuals, including Daniel Boone and the Founding Fathers have contributed to the expansion of existing ...

History. The student understands common characteristics of communities, past and present. The student is expected to:

identify reasons people have formed communities, including a need for security and laws, religious freedom, and material...

compare ways in which people in the local community and other communities meet their needs for government, education, co...

Geography. The student understands how humans adapt to and/or modify the physical environment. The student is expected t...

describe similarities and differences in the physical environment, including climate, landforms, natural resources, and ...

identify and compare how people in different communities adapt to or modify the physical environment in which they live ...

describe the effects of human processes such as building new homes, conservation, and pollution in shaping the landscape...

Geography. The student understands the concepts of location, distance, and direction on maps and globes. The student is ...

use cardinal and intermediate directions to locate places on maps and globes in relation to the local community;

use a scale to determine the distance between places on maps and globes; and

identify, create, and interpret maps of places that contain map elements, including a title, compass rose, legend, scale...

Economics. The student understands the purposes of earning, spending, saving, and donating money. The student is expecte...

identify ways of earning, spending, saving, and donating money; and

create a simple budget that allocates money for spending and saving.

Economics. The student understands the concept of the free enterprise system and how businesses operate in the U.S. free...

explain how supply and demand affect the price of a good or service;

define and identify examples of scarcity;

explain how the cost of production and selling price affect profits; and

identify individuals, past and present, such as Henry Ford and Sam Walton who have started new businesses.

Government. The student understands the basic structure and functions of various levels of government. The student is ex...

describe the basic structure of government in the local community, state, and nation;

identify local, state, and national government officials and explain how they are chosen; and

identify services commonly provided by local, state, and national governments.

Government. The student understands important ideas in historical documents at various levels of government. The student...

identify the purposes of the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution, including the Bill of Rights; and

describe the concept of "consent of the governed."

Citizenship. The student understands characteristics of good citizenship as exemplified by historical and contemporary f...

identify characteristics of good citizenship, including truthfulness, justice, equality, respect for oneself and others,...

identify figures such as Helen Keller, Clara Barton, and Ruby Bridges who exemplify good citizenship;

identify and describe individual acts of civic responsibility, including obeying laws, serving and improving the communi...

identify examples of nonprofit and/or civic organizations such as the Red Cross and explain how they serve the common go...

use voting as a method for group decision making.

History. The student understands the origins, similarities, and differences of American Indian groups in Texas before Eu...

Economics. The student understands the characteristics and benefits of the free enterprise system in Texas. The student ...

describe how the free enterprise system works, including supply and demand;

identify examples of the benefits of the free enterprise system such as choice and opportunity; and

describe the development of the free enterprise system in Texas such as the growth of cash crops by early colonists and ...

Economics. The student understands patterns of work and economic activities in Texas. The student is expected to:

identify how people in different regions of Texas earn their living, past and present;

explain how physical geographic factors such as climate and natural resources have influenced the location of economic a...

identify the effects of exploration, immigration, migration, and limited resources on the economic development and growt...

explain how developments in transportation and communication have influenced economic activities in Texas.

Government. The student understands how people organized governments in different ways during the early development of T...

compare how various American Indian groups such as the Caddo and the Comanche governed themselves; and

compare characteristics of the Spanish colonial government and the early Mexican governments in Texas.

Government. The student understands important ideas in historical documents of Texas and the United States. The student ...

identify the purposes and explain the importance of the Texas Declaration of Independence and the Texas Constitution;

identify and explain the basic functions of the three branches of government according to the Texas Constitution; and

identify the intent, meaning, and importance of the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, and the Bill of ...

Citizenship. The student understands important customs, symbols, and celebrations of Texas. The student is expected to:

explain the meaning of various patriotic symbols and landmarks of Texas, including the six flags that flew over Texas, t...

sing or recite "Texas, Our Texas";

recite and explain the meaning of the Pledge to the Texas Flag; and

describe the origins and significance of state celebrations such as Texas Independence Day and Juneteenth.

Citizenship. The student understands the importance of active individual participation in the democratic process. The st...

identify important individuals who have participated voluntarily in civic affairs at state and local levels such as Adin...

explain how individuals can participate voluntarily in civic affairs at state and local levels through activities such a...

explain the duty of the individual in state and local elections such as being informed and voting;

identify the importance of historical figures and important individuals who modeled active participation in the democrat...

explain how to contact elected and appointed leaders in state and local governments; and

use voting as a method for group decision making.

Citizenship. The student understands the importance of effective leadership in a constitutional republic. The student is...

identify leaders in state, local, and national governments, including the governor, local members of the Texas Legislatu...

identify leadership qualities of state and local leaders, past and present.

Culture. The student understands the contributions of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups to Texas cu...

identify customs, celebrations, and traditions of various cultural, regional, and local groups in Texas such as Cinco de...

summarize the contributions of artists of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups in the development of Texas cultu...

Science, technology, and society. The student understands the impact of science and technology on life in Texas. The stu...

identify famous inventors and scientists such as Gail Borden, Joseph Glidden, Michael DeBakey, and Millie Hughes-Fulford...

describe how scientific discoveries and innovations such as in aerospace, agriculture, energy, and technology have benef...

Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a vari...

differentiate between, locate, and use valid primary and secondary sources such as technology; interviews; biographies; ...

differentiate and compare the information about a specific issue or event provided in primary and secondary sources;

analyze information by applying absolute and relative chronology through sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and...

organize and interpret information in outlines, reports, databases, and visuals, including graphs, charts, timelines, an...

identify different points of view about an issue, topic, historical event, or current event;

identify the central claim in a primary or secondary source; and

develop and communicate a claim and supporting evidence visually, orally, or in writing related to a social studies topi...

explain the possible origins of American Indian groups in Texas;

identify and compare the ways of life of American Indian groups in Texas before European exploration such as the Lipan A...

describe the cultural regions in which American Indians lived such as Gulf, Plains, Puebloan, and Southeastern; and

locate American Indian groups remaining in Texas such as the Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo, Alabama-Coushatta, and Kickapoo.

History. The student understands the causes and effects of European exploration and colonization of Texas. The student i...

Social studies skills. The student uses geographic tools to collect, analyze, and interpret data. The student is expecte...

apply mapping elements, including grid systems, legends, symbols, scales, and compass roses, to create and interpret map...

interpret geographic data, population distribution, and natural resources into a variety of formats such as graphs and m...

Social studies skills. The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms. The student is expected to:

use social studies terminology correctly;

incorporate main and supporting ideas in verbal and written communication;

express ideas orally based on research and experiences;

create written and visual material such as journal entries, reports, graphic organizers, outlines, and bibliographies; a...

apply foundational language skills to engage in civil discourse about social studies topics, including those with multip...

Social studies skills. The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with other...

use democratic procedures to simulate making decisions on school, local, or state issues; and

use problem-solving and decision-making processes to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, ...

summarize motivations for European exploration and settlement of Texas, including economic opportunity, competition, and...

identify the accomplishments and explain the impact of significant explorers, including Cabeza de Vaca; Francisco Corona...

explain when, where, and why the Spanish established settlements and Catholic missions in Texas as well as important ind...

identify Texas' role in the Mexican War of Independence and the war's impact on the development of Texas; and

identify the accomplishments and explain the economic motivations and impact of significant empresarios, including Steph...

History. The student understands the importance of the Texas Revolution, the Republic of Texas, and the annexation of Te...

analyze the causes, major events, and effects of the Texas Revolution, including the Battle of the Alamo, the Texas Decl...

summarize the significant contributions of individuals such as William B. Travis, James Bowie, David Crockett, Juan N. S...

identify leaders important to the founding of Texas as a republic and state, including José Antonio Navarro, Sam Houston...

describe the successes, problems, and organizations of the Republic of Texas such as the establishment of a constitution...

explain the events that led to the annexation of Texas to the United States and the impact of the U.S.-Mexican War.

History. The student understands the political, economic, and social changes in Texas during the last half of the 19th c...

describe the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Texas;

explain the growth, development, and impact of the cattle industry such as contributions made by Charles Goodnight, Rich...

explain the effects of the railroad industry on life in Texas, including changes to cities and major industries; and

explain the effects on American Indian life brought about by the Red River War, building of U.S. forts and railroads, an...

History. The student understands important issues, events, and individuals of the 20th century in Texas. The student is ...

explain the impact of various events on life in Texas such as the Great Depression, the Dust Bowl, and World War II and ...

explain the development and impact of the oil and gas industry on industrialization and urbanization in Texas, including...

Geography. The student understands the concept of regions. The student is expected to:

identify, locate, and describe the physical regions of Texas (Mountains and Basins, Great Plains, North Central Plains, ...

compare the physical regions of Texas (Mountains and Basins, Great Plains, North Central Plains, Coastal Plains).

Geography. The student understands the location and patterns of settlement and the geographic factors that influence whe...

explain the geographic factors such as landforms and climate that influence patterns of settlement and the distribution ...

identify and explain patterns of settlement such as the location of towns and cities in Texas at different time periods.

Geography. The student understands how people adapt to and modify their environment. The student is expected to:

describe ways people have adapted to and modified their environment in Texas, past and present, such as timber clearing,...

explain reasons why people have adapted to and modified their environment in Texas, past and present, such as the use of...

compare the positive and negative consequences of human modification of the environment in Texas, past and present.

Economics. The student understands the basic economic activities of early societies in Texas. The student is expected to...

explain the economic activities various early American Indian groups in Texas used to meet their needs and wants such as...

explain the economic activities early settlers to Texas used to meet their needs and wants.

History. The student understands the reasons for and the role of key people in the European colonization of North Americ...

Economics. The student understands the development, characteristics, and benefits of the free enterprise system in the U...

identify the development of the free enterprise system in colonial America and the United States;

describe how the free enterprise system works in the United States; and

give examples of the benefits of the free enterprise system in the United States.

Economics. The student understands the impact of supply and demand on consumers and producers in a free enterprise syste...

explain how supply and demand affects consumers in the United States; and

evaluate the effects of supply and demand on industry and agriculture, including the plantation system, in the United St...

Economics. The student understands patterns of work and economic activities in the United States. The student is expecte...

compare how people in different regions of the United States earn a living, past and present;

identify and explain how geographic factors have influenced the location of economic activities in the United States;

analyze the effects of immigration and migration on the economic development and growth of the United States; and

describe the impact of mass production, specialization, and division of labor on the economic growth of the United State...

Government. The student understands the organization of governments in colonial America. The student is expected to:

compare the systems of government of early European colonists, including representative government and monarchy ; and

identify examples of representative government in the American colonies, including the Mayflower Compact and the Virgini...

Government. The student understands important ideas in the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, and the B...

explain the purposes, key elements, and the importance of the Declaration of Independence;

explain the purposes of the U.S. Constitution as identified in the Preamble; and

explain the reasons for the creation of the Bill of Rights and its importance.

Government. The student understands the framework of government created by the U.S. Constitution of 1787. The student is...

identify and explain the basic functions of the three branches of government;

identify the reasons for and describe the system of checks and balances outlined in the U.S. Constitution; and

distinguish between national and state governments and compare their responsibilities in the U.S. federal system.

Citizenship. The student understands important symbols, customs, celebrations, and landmarks that represent American bel...

explain various patriotic symbols, including Uncle Sam; national celebrations such as Labor Day; and political symbols s...

sing or recite "The Star-Spangled Banner" and explain its history;

recite and explain the meaning of the Pledge of Allegiance to the United States Flag; and

explain the significance of important landmarks, including the White House, the Statue of Liberty, and Mount Rushmore.

Citizenship. The student understands the importance of individual participation in the democratic process at the local, ...

explain why individuals have a duty to participate in civic affairs at the local, state, and national levels ;

explain how to contact elected and appointed leaders in local, state, and national governments; and

use voting as a method for group decision making.

Citizenship. The student understands the importance of effective leadership in a constitutional republic. The student is...

identify past and present leaders in the national government, including the president and various members of Congress, a...

identify leadership qualities of national leaders, past and present.

The student understands the fundamental rights of American citizens guaranteed in the Bill of Rights. The student is exp...

explain when, where, and why groups of people explored, colonized, and settled in the United States, including the searc...

describe the accomplishments of significant individuals who settled for religious freedom and economic gain during the c...

History. The student understands how conflict between the American colonies and Great Britain led to American independen...

Culture. The student understands the relationship between the arts and the times during which they were created. The stu...

identify significant examples of art, music, and literature from various periods in U.S. history such as the painting Am...

explain how examples of art, music, and literature reflect the times during which they were created.

Culture. The student understands the contributions of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups to the Unit...

describe customs and traditions of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups in the United States; and

summarize the contributions of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups to our national identity.

Science, technology, and society. The student understands the impact of science and technology on society in the United ...

identify the accomplishments of notable individuals in the fields of science and technology such as Benjamin Franklin, E...

identify how scientific discoveries , technological innovations, and the rapid growth of technology industries have adva...

explain how scientific discoveries and technological innovations in the fields of medicine, communication, and transport...

Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a vari...

differentiate between, locate, and use valid primary and secondary sources such as technology; interviews; biographies; ...

identify and ask questions about the credibility of different kinds of primary and secondary sources;

analyze information by applying absolute and relative chronology through sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and...

organize and interpret information in outlines, reports, databases, and visuals, including graphs, charts, timelines, an...

identify different points of view about an issue, topic, historical event, or current event;

identify the historical context of an event;

identify the central claim in a primary or secondary source; and

develop and communicate a claim and supporting evidence visually, orally, or in writing related to a social studies topi...

Social studies skills. The student uses geographic tools to collect, analyze, and interpret data. The student is expecte...

apply mapping elements, including grid systems, legends, symbols, scales, and compass roses, to create and interpret map...

interpret geographic data, population distribution, and natural resources into a variety of formats such as graphs and m...

Social studies skills. The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms. The student is expected to:

use social studies terminology correctly;

incorporate main and supporting ideas in verbal and written communication;

express ideas orally based on research and experiences;

create written and visual material such as journal entries, reports, graphic organizers, outlines, and bibliographies; a...

apply foundational language skills to engage in civil discourse about social studies topics, including those with multip...

Social studies skills. The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with other...

use democratic procedures to simulate making decisions on school, local, or state issues; and

use problem-solving and decision-making processes to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, ...

analyze the causes and effects of events prior to and during the American Revolution, including the taxation resulting f...

identify the Founding Fathers and Patriot heroes, including John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, the Sons of...

summarize the results of the American Revolution, including the establishment of the United States.

The student understands the significant individuals who contributed to the creation of the U.S. Constitution and the gov...

History. The student understands political, economic, and social changes that occurred in the United States during the 1...

describe the causes and effects of the War of 1812 such as impressment of sailors, territorial conflicts with Great Brit...

identify and explain how changes resulting from the Industrial Revolution led to conflict among sections of the United S...

identify significant events and concepts associated with U.S. territorial expansion, including the Louisiana Purchase, t...

explain the central role of the expansion of slavery in causing sectionalism, disagreement over states' rights, and the ...

explain the effects of the Civil War, including Reconstruction and the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the U.S. Const...

identify the challenges, opportunities, and contributions of people from various American Indian and immigrant groups su...

History. The student understands important issues, events, and individuals in the United States during the 20th and 21st...

explain the significance of issues and events of the 20th century such as industrialization, urbanization, the Great Dep...

analyze various issues and events of the 21st century such as the War on Terror and the 2008 presidential election; and

identify the accomplishments and contributions of individuals and groups such as Susan B. Anthony, Martin Luther King Jr...

Geography. The student understands places and regions in the United States. The student is expected to:

describe political and economic regions in the United States that result from patterns of human activity;

describe regions in the United States based on physical characteristics such as landform, climate, and vegetation;

locate on a map important political features such as the five largest cities by population in the United States and the ...

create a map of important physical features such as the Appalachian Mountains, Great Lakes, Mississippi River, Great Pla...

Geography. The student understands the location and patterns of settlement and the geographic factors that influence whe...

identify and describe the patterns of settlement such as rural, urban, and suburban;

explain the geographic factors that influence patterns of settlement and the distribution of population in the United St...

analyze the geographic factors that influence the location of the five largest urban areas in the United States and expl...

Geography. The student understands how people adapt to and modify their environment. The student is expected to:

describe how and why people have adapted to and modified their environment in the United States such as the use of human...

analyze the positive and negative consequences of human modification of the environment in the United States.

Economics. The student understands the basic economic patterns of early societies in the United States. The student is e...

explain the economic patterns of early European colonies; and

identify major industries of colonial America such as shipbuilding and growing of cash crops.

The student understands that historical events influence contemporary events

The student understands various ways in which people organize governments

identify and give examples of governments with rule by one, few, or many

compare ways in which various societies such as China, Germany, India, and Russia organize government and how they funct...

identify historical origins of democratic forms of government such as Ancient Greece

 The student understands that the nature of citizenship varies among societies

describe and compare roles and responsibilities of citizens in various contemporary societies, including the United Stat...

explain how opportunities for citizens to participate in and influence the political process vary among various contempo...

The student understands the relationship among individual rights, responsibilities, duties, and freedoms in societies wi...

identify and explain the duty of civic participation in societies with representative governments

explain relationships among rights, responsibilities, and duties in societies with representative governments

The student understands the similarities and differences within and among cultures in various world societies

identify and describe common traits that define cultures and culture regions

define a multicultural society

analyze the experiences and contributions of diverse groups to multicultural societies

identify and explain examples of conflict and cooperation between and among cultures

The student understands that all societies have basic institutions in common even though the characteristics of these in...

identify institutions basic to all societies, including government, economic, educational, and religious institutions

compare characteristics of institutions in various contemporary societies

analyze the efforts and activities institutions use to sustain themselves over time

The student understands relationships that exist among world cultures

identify and describe means of cultural diffusion such as trade, travel, and war

identify and describe factors that influence cultural change such as improvements in communication, transportation, and ...

analyze the impact of improved communication technology among cultures

identify the impact of cultural diffusion on individuals and world societies

The student understands the relationship that exists between the arts and the societies in which they are produced

explain the relationships that exist between societies and their architecture, art, music, and literature

describe ways in which contemporary issues influence creative expressions

identify examples of art, music, and literature that convey universal themes such as religion, justice, and the passage ...

The student understands the relationships among religion, philosophy, and culture

explain the relationship among religious ideas, philosophical ideas, and cultures

explain the significance of religious holidays and observances such as Christmas, Easter, Ramadan, the annual hajj, Yom ...

The student understands the influences of science and technology on contemporary societies

identify examples of scientific discoveries, technological innovations, and scientists and inventors that have shaped th...

explain how resources, economic factors, and political decisions affect the use of technology

make predictions about future social, political, economic, cultural, and environmental impacts that may result from futu...

The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired through established research metho...

differentiate between, locate, and use valid primary and secondary sources such as oral, print, and visual material and ...

analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, fin...

organize and interpret information from outlines, reports, databases, and visuals, including graphs, charts, timelines, ...

identify different points of view about an issue or current topic

formulate and communicate visually, orally, or in writing a claim supported by evidence and reasoning related to a socia...

evaluate a variety of historical and contemporary sources for validity, credibility, bias, and accuracy

trace characteristics of various contemporary societies in regions that resulted from historical events or factors such ...

analyze the historical background of various contemporary societies to evaluate relationships between past conflicts and...

The student understands the influences of individuals and groups from various cultures on various historical and contemp...

The student uses geographic tools to collect, analyze, and interpret data

answer geographic questions, including: Where is it located? Why is it there? What is significant about its location? Ho...

pose and answer questions about geographic distributions and patterns for various world regions and countries shown on m...

compare various world regions and countries using data from maps, graphs, and charts

create and interpret regional sketch maps, thematic maps, graphs, and charts depicting aspects such as population, disea...

The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms

use social studies terminology correctly

incorporate main and supporting ideas in verbal and written communication based on research

express ideas orally based on research and experiences

create written and visual material such as journal entries, reports, graphic organizers, outlines, and bibliographies ba...

use effective written communication skills, including proper citations to avoid plagiarism

apply foundational language skills to engage in civil discourse about social studies topics, including those with multip...

The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others

describe governmental and democratic processes such as voting, due process, and caucuses using simulations and models

use problem-solving and decision-making processes to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, ...

identify and describe the historical influence of individuals or groups on various contemporary societies

describe the social, political, economic, and cultural contributions of individuals and groups from various societies, p...

The student understands the factors that influence the locations and characteristics of locations of various contemporar...

identify and explain the geographic factors responsible for patterns of population in places and regions

explain ways in which human migration influences the character of places and regions

identify and locate major physical and human geographic features such as landforms, water bodies, and urban centers of v...

identify the location of major world countries for each of the world regions

The student understands how geographic factors influence the economic development and political relationships of societi...

explain the geographic factors responsible for the location of economic activities in places and regions

identify geographic factors such as location, physical features, transportation corridors and barriers, and distribution...

The student understands the impact of interactions between people and the physical environment on the development and co...

describe ways people have been impacted by physical processes such as earthquakes and climate

identify and analyze ways people have adapted to the physical environment in various places and regions

identify and analyze ways people have modified the physical environment such as mining, irrigation, and transportation i...

The student understands the factors of production in a society's economy

describe ways in which the factors of production (natural resources, labor, capital, and entrepreneurs) influence the ec...

identify problems that may arise when one or more of the factors of production is in relatively short supply

explain the impact of the distribution of resources on international trade and economic interdependence among and within...

The student understands the various ways in which people organize economic systems

compare ways in which various societies organize the production and distribution of goods and services

compare and contrast free enterprise, socialist, and communist economies in various contemporary societies, including th...

understand the importance of ethics in maintaining a functional free enterprise system

The student understands categories of economic activities and the data used to measure a society's economic level

define and give examples of agricultural, retail, manufacturing (goods), and service industries

describe levels of economic development of various societies using indicators such as life expectancy, gross domestic pr...

The student understands the concepts of limited and unlimited governments

 describe and compare examples of limited and unlimited governments such as constitutional (limited) and totalitarian (u...

identify reasons for limiting the power of government

identify and describe examples of human rights abuses by limited or unlimited governments such as the oppression of reli...

History. The student understands traditional historical points of reference in Texas history. The student is expected to...

Geography. The student understands the characteristics, distribution, and migration of population in Texas in the 19th, ...

identify why immigrant groups came to Texas and where they settled;

describe how immigration and migration to Texas have influenced Texas;

describe the structure of the population of Texas using demographic concepts such as growth rate and age distribution; a...

analyze the effects of the changing population distribution and growth in Texas and the additional need for education, h...

Economics. The student understands the factors that caused Texas to change from an agrarian to an urban society. The stu...

explain economic factors and the development of major industries that led to the urbanization of Texas such as transport...

explain the changes in the types of jobs and occupations that have resulted from the urbanization of Texas.

Economics. The student understands the interdependence of the Texas economy with the United States and the world. The st...

explain the impact of national and international markets on the production of goods and services in Texas, including agr...

explain the impact of economic concepts within the free enterprise system such as supply and demand, profit, and world c...

analyze the impact of significant industries in Texas such as aerospace, medical, and computer technologies on local, na...

Government. The student understands the basic principles reflected in the Texas Constitution. The student is expected to...

identify how the Texas Constitution reflects the principles of limited government, republicanism, checks and balances, f...

compare the principles and concepts of the Texas Constitution to the U.S. Constitution, including the Texas and U.S. Bil...

Government. The student understands the structure and functions of government created by the Texas Constitution. The stu...

describe the structure and functions of government at municipal, county, and state levels; and

identify major sources of revenue for state and local governments such as property taxes, sales taxes, bonds, and fees.

Citizenship. The student understands the rights and responsibilities of Texas citizens in a democratic society. The stud...

explain rights of Texas citizens; and

explain civic responsibilities of Texas citizens and the importance of civic participation.

Citizenship. The student understands the importance of the expression of different points of view in a democratic societ...

identify different points of view of political parties and interest groups on important Texas issues, past and present; ...

describe the importance of free speech and press in a democratic society.

Citizenship. The student understands the importance of effective leadership in a democratic society. The student is expe...

identify the leadership qualities of elected and appointed leaders of Texas, past and present, including Texans who have...

identify the contributions of Texas leaders such as Lawrence Sullivan "Sul" Ross, John Nance Garner ("Cactus Jack"), Jam...

Culture. The student understands the concept of diversity within unity in Texas. The student is expected to:

explain how the diversity of Texas is reflected in a variety of cultural activities and celebrations;

describe how people from various racial, ethnic, and religious groups attempt to maintain their cultural heritage while ...

identify examples of Spanish influence and the influence of other cultures on Texas such as place names, vocabulary, rel...

identify contributions to the arts by Texans such as Roy Bedichek, Diane Gonzales Bertrand, J. Frank Dobie, Scott Joplin...

Science, technology, and society. The student understands the impact of scientific discoveries and technological innovat...

compare types and uses of technology, past and present;

identify Texas leaders in science and technology such as Walter Cunningham, Michael DeBakey, Denton Cooley, Benjy Brooks...

analyze the effects of various scientific discoveries and technological innovations on the development of Texas such as ...

evaluate the effects of scientific discoveries and technological innovations on the use of resources such as fossil fuel...

analyze how scientific discoveries and technological innovations have resulted in an interdependence among Texas, the Un...

identify the major eras in Texas history, describe their defining characteristics, and explain the purpose of dividing t...

explain the significance of the following dates: 1519, mapping of the Texas coast and first mainland Spanish settlement;...

History. The student understands how individuals, events, and issues through the Mexican National Era shaped the history...

Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired through est...

differentiate between, locate, and use valid primary and secondary sources such as media and news services, biographies,...

analyze information by applying absolute and relative chronology through sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and...

organize and interpret information from outlines, reports, databases, and visuals, including graphs, charts, timelines, ...

identify bias and points of view from the historical context surrounding an event that influenced the participants;

formulate and communicate visually, orally, or in writing a claim supported by evidence and reasoning related to a socia...

evaluate a variety of historical and contemporary sources for validity, credibility, bias, and accuracy.

Social studies skills. The student uses geographic tools to collect, analyze, and interpret data. The student is expecte...

create and interpret thematic maps, graphs, and charts representing various aspects of Texas during the 19th, 20th, and ...

analyze and interpret geographic distributions and patterns in Texas during the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries.

Social studies skills. The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms. The student is expected to:

use social studies terminology correctly;

use effective written communication skills, including proper citations and avoiding plagiarism;

create written, oral, and visual presentations of social studies information; and

apply foundational language skills to engage in civil discourse about social studies topics, including those with multip...

Social studies skills. The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with other...

describe governmental and democratic processes such as voting, due process, and caucuses using simulations and models; a...

use problem-solving and decision-making processes to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, ...

compare the cultures of American Indians in Texas prior to European colonization such as Gulf, Plains, Puebloan, and Sou...

identify important individuals, events, and issues related to European exploration of Texas such as Alonso Álvarez de Pi...

identify important individuals, events, and issues related to European colonization of Texas, including the establishmen...

identify the individuals, issues, and events related to Mexico becoming an independent nation and its impact on Texas, i...

identify the contributions of significant individuals, including Moses Austin, Stephen F. Austin, Erasmo Seguín, Martín ...

contrast Spanish, Mexican, and Anglo purposes for and methods of settlement in Texas.

History. The student understands how individuals, events, and issues related to the Texas Revolution shaped the history ...

describe the chain of events that led to the Texas Revolution, including the Fredonian Rebellion, the Mier y Terán Repor...

explain the roles played by significant individuals during the Texas Revolution, including George Childress, Lorenzo de ...

explain the issues surrounding significant events of the Texas Revolution, including the Battle of Gonzales; the siege o...

History. The student understands how individuals, events, and issues shaped the history of the Republic of Texas and ear...

identify individuals, events, and issues during the administrations of Republic of Texas Presidents Houston, Lamar, and ...

analyze the causes of and events leading to Texas annexation such as security and public debt; and

identify individuals, events, and issues during early Texas statehood, including the U.S.- Mexican War, the Treaty of Gu...

History. The student understands how events and issues shaped the history of Texas during the Civil War and Reconstructi...

explain the central role the expansion of slavery played in the involvement of Texas in the Civil War;

identify significant events concerning Texas and the Civil War such as the Battle of Galveston, the Battle of Sabine Pas...

explain the political, economic, and social effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction in Texas.

History. The student understands how individuals, events, and issues shaped the history of Texas from Reconstruction thr...

identify significant individuals, events, and issues, including the factors leading to the expansion of the Texas fronti...

identify significant individuals, events, and issues, including the development of the cattle industry from its Spanish ...

identify significant individuals, events, and issues, including the effects of the growth of railroads and the contribut...

explain the political, economic, and social impact of the agricultural industry and the development of West Texas result...

History. The student understands how individuals, events, and issues shaped the history of Texas during the late 19th, 2...

explain how the oil industry led to the industrialization of Texas;

define and trace the impact of "boom-and-bust" cycles of leading Texas industries throughout the 20th and early 21st cen...

describe and compare the impact of reform movements in Texas in the 19th and 20th centuries such as progressivism, popul...

describe and compare the civil rights and equal rights movements of various groups in Texas in the 20th century and iden...

analyze the political, economic, and social impact of World War I, the Great Depression, World War II, and significant i...

Geography. The student understands the location and characteristics of places and regions of Texas. The student is expec...

locate and compare the Mountains and Basins, Great Plains, North Central Plains, and Coastal Plains regions;

locate and compare places of importance in Texas in terms of physical and human characteristics such as major cities, wa...

analyze the effects of physical and human factors such as climate, weather, landforms, irrigation, transportation, and c...

Geography. The student understands the effects of the interaction between humans and the environment in Texas. The stude...

identify ways in which Texans have adapted to and modified the environment and explain the positive and negative consequ...

explain ways in which geographic factors such as the Galveston Hurricane of 1900, the Dust Bowl, limited water resources...

History. The student understands traditional historical points of reference in U.S. history through 1877. The student is...

Geography. The student understands the location and characteristics of places and regions of the United States, past and...

locate places and regions directly related to major eras and turning points in the United States during the 17th, 18th, ...

compare places and regions of the United States in terms of physical and human characteristics; and

analyze the effects of physical and human geographic factors such as weather, landforms, waterways, transportation, and ...

Geography. The student understands the physical characteristics of North America and how humans adapted to and modified ...

analyze how physical characteristics of the environment influenced population distribution, settlement patterns, and eco...

describe the positive and negative consequences of human modification of the physical environment of the United States.

Economics. The student understands why various sections of the United States developed different patterns of economic ac...

identify economic differences among different regions of the United States;

explain reasons for the development of the plantation system, the transatlantic slave trade, and the spread of slavery; ...

analyze the causes and effects of economic differences among different regions of the United States at selected times.

Economics. The student understands how various economic forces resulted in the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century...

analyze the economic effects of the War of 1812; and

identify the economic factors that brought about rapid industrialization and urbanization.

Economics. The student understands the origins and development of the free enterprise system in the United States. The s...

explain why a free enterprise system of economics developed in the new nation, including minimal government regulation, ...

describe the characteristics and the benefits of the U.S. free enterprise system through 1877.

Government. The student understands the American beliefs and principles reflected in the Declaration of Independence, th...

identify the influence of ideas from historic documents, including the Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights, the Mayf...

summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation;

identify colonial grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence and explain how those grievances were addressed i...

analyze how the U.S. Constitution reflects the principles of limited government, republicanism, checks and balances, fed...

explain the role of significant individuals such as Thomas Hooker, Charles de Montesquieu, and John Locke in the develop...

Government. The student understands the purpose of changing the U.S. Constitution and the impact of amendments on Americ...

summarize the purposes for amending the U.S. Constitution; and

describe the impact of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments.

Government. The student understands the dynamic nature of the powers of the national government and state governments in...

analyze the arguments of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists, including those of Alexander Hamilton, Patrick Henry, Jam...

explain constitutional issues arising over the issue of states' rights, including the Nullification Crisis and the Civil...

Government. The student understands the impact of landmark Supreme Court cases. The student is expected to:

identify the origin of judicial review;

summarize the issues, decisions, and significance of landmark Supreme Court cases, including Marbury v. Madison, McCullo...

evaluate the impact of the landmark Supreme Court decision Dred Scott v. Sandford on life in the United States.

Citizenship. The student understands the rights and responsibilities of citizens of the United States. The student is ex...

define and give examples of unalienable rights;

summarize rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights; and

identify examples of responsible citizenship, including obeying rules and laws, staying informed on public issues, votin...

identify the major eras in U.S. history through 1877, including colonization, revolution, creation and ratification of t...

explain the significance of the following dates: 1607, founding of Jamestown; 1620, arrival of the Pilgrims and signing ...

History. The student understands the causes of exploration and colonization eras. The student is expected to:

Citizenship. The student understands the importance of voluntary individual participation in the democratic process. The...

evaluate the contributions of the Founding Fathers as models of civic virtue; and

analyze reasons for and the impact of selected examples of civil disobedience in U.S. history such as the Boston Tea Par...

Citizenship. The student understands the importance of the expression of different points of view in a constitutional re...

identify different points of view of political parties and interest groups on important historical issues;

describe the importance of free speech and press in a constitutional republic; and

summarize historical events in which compromise resulted in a resolution such as the Missouri Compromise, Compromise of ...

Citizenship. The student understands the importance of effective leadership in a constitutional republic. The student is...

analyze the leadership qualities of elected and appointed leaders of the United States such as George Washington, John M...

describe the contributions of significant political, social, and military leaders of the United States such as Frederick...

Culture. The student understands the relationships between and among people from various groups, including racial, ethni...

identify racial, ethnic, and religious groups that settled in the United States and explain their reasons for immigratio...

explain how urbanization contributed to conflicts resulting from differences in religion, social class, and political be...

identify ways conflicts between people from various racial, ethnic, and religious groups were addressed;

analyze the contributions of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups to our national identity; and

identify the political, social, and economic contributions of women to American society.

Culture. The student understands the major reform movements of the 19th century. The student is expected to:

describe and evaluate the historical development of the abolition movement, including activities that focused attention ...

evaluate the impact of reform movements, including educational reform, temperance, the women's rights movement, prison r...

Culture. The student understands the impact of religion on the American way of life. The student is expected to:

trace the development of religious freedom in the United States;

describe religious influences on social movements, including the impact of the first and second Great Awakenings; and

analyze the impact of the First Amendment guarantees of religious freedom on the American way of life.

Culture. The student understands the relationship between the arts and the times during which they were created. The stu...

identify examples of American art, music, and literature that reflect society in different eras such as the Hudson River...

analyze the relationship between the arts and continuity and change in the American way of life.

Science, technology, and society. The student understands the impact of science and technology on the economic developme...

explain the effects of technological and scientific innovations such as the steamboat, the cotton gin, the telegraph, an...

analyze how technological innovations changed the way goods were manufactured and distributed, nationally and internatio...

analyze how technological innovations brought about economic growth such as the development of the factory system and th...

Science, technology, and society. The student understands the impact of scientific discoveries and technological innovat...

compare the effects of scientific discoveries and technological innovations that have influenced daily life in different...

identify examples of how industrialization changed life in the United States.

Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired through est...

differentiate between, locate, and use valid primary and secondary sources such as media and news services, biographies,...

analyze information by applying absolute and relative chronology through sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and...

organize and interpret information from outlines, reports, databases, and visuals, including graphs, charts, timelines, ...

identify bias and points of view created by the historical context surrounding an event;

formulate and communicate visually, orally, or in writing a claim supported by evidence and reasoning related to a socia...

evaluate a variety of historical and contemporary sources for validity, credibility, bias, and accuracy;

create a visual representation of historical information such as thematic maps, graphs, and charts representing various ...

pose and answer questions about geographic distributions and patterns shown on maps, graphs, and charts.

identify reasons for English, Spanish, and French exploration and colonization of North America; and

compare political, economic, religious, and social reasons for the establishment of the 13 English colonies.

History. The student understands the foundations of representative government in the United States. The student is expec...

Social studies skills. The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms. The student is expected to:

use social studies terminology correctly;

use effective written communication skills, including proper citations and avoiding plagiarism;

create written, oral, and visual presentations of social studies information; and

apply foundational language skills to engage in civil discourse about social studies topics, including those with multip...

Social studies skills. The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with other...

describe governmental and democratic processes such as voting, due process, and caucuses using simulations and models; a...

use problem-solving and decision-making processes to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, ...

explain the reasons for the growth of representative government and institutions during the colonial period;

analyze the importance of the Mayflower Compact, the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, and the Virginia House of Burges...

describe how religion and virtue contributed to the growth of representative government in the American colonies.

History. The student understands significant political and economic issues of the revolutionary and Constitutional eras....

analyze causes of the American Revolution, including the Proclamation of 1763, the Intolerable Acts, the Stamp Act, merc...

explain the roles played by significant individuals during the American Revolution, including Abigail Adams, John Adams,...

explain the issues surrounding important events of the American Revolution, including declaring independence; fighting t...

analyze the issues of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, including the Great Compromise and the Three-Fifths Comprom...

History. The student understands the challenges confronted by the government and its leaders in the early years of the r...

describe major domestic problems faced by the leaders of the new republic, including maintaining national security, crea...

explain the effects of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793;

summarize arguments regarding protective tariffs, taxation, and the banking system;

explain the origin and development of American political parties;

explain the causes, important events, and effects of the War of 1812;

identify the foreign policies of presidents Washington through Monroe and explain the impact of Washington's Farewell Ad...

explain the impact of the election of Andrew Jackson, including expanded suffrage; and

analyze the reasons for the removal and resettlement of Cherokee Indians during the Jacksonian era, including the Indian...

History. The student understands westward expansion and its effects on the political, economic, and social development o...

explain how the Northwest Ordinance established principles and procedures for orderly expansion of the United States;

analyze the westward growth of the nation, including the Louisiana Purchase and Manifest Destiny; and

explain the causes and effects of the U.S.-Mexican War and their impact on the United States.

History. The student understands how political, economic, and social factors led to the growth of sectionalism and the C...

analyze the impact of tariff policies on sections of the United States before the Civil War;

compare the effects of political, economic, and social factors on slaves and free Blacks;

analyze the impact of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 on slavery, free Blacks, and abolitionists;

analyze the impact of slavery on different sections of the United States; and

identify the provisions and compare the effects of congressional conflicts and compromises prior to the Civil War, inclu...

History. The student understands individuals, issues, and events of the Civil War. The student is expected to:

explain the roles played by significant individuals during the Civil War, including Jefferson Davis, Ulysses S. Grant, R...

explain the central role of the expansion of slavery in causing sectionalism, disagreement over states' rights, and the ...

explain significant events of the Civil War, including the firing on Fort Sumter; the battles of Antietam, Gettysburg, a...

analyze Abraham Lincoln's ideas about liberty, equality, union, and government as contained in his first and second inau...

History. The student understands the effects of Reconstruction on the political, economic, and social life of the nation...

evaluate legislative reform programs of the Radical Reconstruction Congress and reconstructed state governments;

explain the impact of the election of African Americans from the South such as Hiram Rhodes Revels; and

explain the economic, political, and social problems during Reconstruction and evaluate their impact on different groups...