New York State Next Generation English Language Arts Learning Standards

Explore and use new vocabulary and multiple-meaning words and phrases in authentic experiences, including, but not limit...

Identify new meanings for familiar words and apply them accurately (e.g., knowing duck is a bird and learning the verb t...

Use the most frequently occurring inflections and affixes (e.g., -ed, -s, re-, un-, pre-, -ful, -less) as a clue to the ...

Explore and discuss word relationships and word meanings.

Sort common objects into categories (e.g., shapes, foods) for understanding of the concepts the categories represent.

Demonstrate understanding of frequently occurring verbs and adjectives by relating them to their opposites (antonyms).

Use words to identify and describe the world, making connections between words and their use (e.g., places at home that ...

Explore variations among verbs that describe the same general action (e.g., walk, march, gallop) by acting out the meani...

Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to.

Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions, including listening to others, taking turns, and staying on topic.

Consider individual differences when communicating with others.

Develop and answer questions about a text.

Retell stories or share key details from a text.

Identify characters, settings, major events in a story, or pieces of information in a text.

Identify specific words that express feelings and senses.

Identify literary and informational texts.

Name the author and illustrator and define the role of each in presenting the ideas in a text.

Describe the relationship between illustrations and the text.

Identify specific information to support ideas in a text.

Make connections between self, text, and the world.

Demonstrate understanding of the organization and basic features of print.

Follow words from left to right, top to bottom, and page by page.

Recognize that spoken words are represented in written language by specific sequences of letters.

Understand that words are separated by spaces in print.

Recognize and name all upper- and lowercase letters of the alphabet.

Identify the front cover, back cover, and title page of a book.

Demonstrate understanding of spoken words, syllables, and sounds (phonemes).

Recognize and produce spoken rhyming words.

Blend and segment syllables in spoken words.

Blend and segment onsets and rimes of spoken words.

Blend and segment individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken one-syllable words

Create new words by manipulating the phonemes orally in one-syllable words.

Know and apply phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.

Demonstrate one-to-one letter-sound correspondence by producing the primary sound or most frequent sound for each conson...

Decode short vowel sounds with common spellings.

Decode some regularly spelled one-syllable words.

Read common high-frequency words by sight.

Read emergent-reader texts with sufficient accuracy to support comprehension.

Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse peers and adults in small and large groups and during play.

Participate in conversations through multiple exchanges.

Participate in a conversation about features of diverse texts and formats.

Develop and answer questions to clarify what the speaker says.

Describe familiar people, places, things, and events with detail.

Create and/or utilize existing visual displays to support descriptions.

Express thoughts, feelings, and ideas.

Use a combination of drawing, dictating, oral expression, and/or emergent writing to state an opinion about a familiar t...

Use a combination of drawing, dictating, oral expression, and/or emergent writing to name a familiar topic and supply in...

Use a combination of drawing, dictating, oral expression, and/or emergent writing to narrate an event or events in a seq...

Create a response to a text, author, or personal experience (e.g., dramatization, art work, or poem).

Develop questions and participate in shared research and exploration to answer questions and to build and share knowledg...

Recall and represent relevant information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a quest...

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases, choosing flexibly from an array of s...

Use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

Use frequently occurring affixes as a clue to the meaning of a word.

Identify frequently occurring root words (e.g., look) and their inflectional forms (e.g., looks, looked, looking).

Demonstrate understanding of word relationships and nuances in word meanings.

Sort words into categories (e.g., colors, clothing) to gain a sense of the concepts the categories represent.

Define words by category and by one or more key attributes (e.g., a duck is a bird that swims; a tiger is a large cat wi...

Use words for identification and description, making connections between words and their use (e.g., places at home that ...

Distinguish shades of meaning among verbs differing in manner (e.g., look, peek, glance, stare, glare, scowl) and adject...

Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to texts, including usin...

Develop and answer questions about key ideas and details in a text.

Identify a main topic or idea in a text and retell important details.

Describe characters, settings, and major events in a story, or pieces of information in a text.

Identify specific words that express feelings and senses.

Identify a variety of genres and explain differences between literary texts and informational texts.

Describe how illustrations and details support the point of view or purpose of the text.

Use illustrations and details in literary and informational texts to discuss story elements and/or topics.

Identify specific information an author or illustrator gives that supports ideas in a text.

Make connections between self and text (texts and other people/world).

Demonstrate understanding of the organization and basic features of print.

Recognize the distinguishing features of a sentence (e.g., first word, capitalization, ending punctuation).

Demonstrate understanding of spoken words, syllables, and sounds (phonemes).

Count, blend and segment single syllable words that include consonant blends.

Create new words by manipulating individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken one-syllable words.

Manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in single -syllable spoken words.

Know and apply phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.

Know the letter-sound correspondences for common blends and consonant digraphs (e.g., sh, ch, th).

Decode long vowel sounds in regularly spelled one-syllable words (e.g., final –e conventions and common vowel teams).

Decode regularly spelled one-syllable words.

Determine the number of syllables in a printed word by using knowledge that every syllable must have a vowel sound.

Decode two-syllable words following basic patterns by breaking the words into syllables.

Recognize and identify root words and simple suffixes (e.g. run, runs, walk, walked).

Read most common high-frequency words by sight.

Read beginning reader texts, appropriate to individual student ability, with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support ...

Read beginning reader texts, appropriate to individual student ability, orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expr...

Use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding, rereading as necessary.

Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse peers and adults (e.g., in small and large groups and during pla...

Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions and participate by actively listening, taking turns, and staying on topic.

Build on others' talk in conversations by responding to the comments of others through multiple exchanges.

Ask questions to clear up any confusion about topics and texts under discussion.

Consider individual differences when communicating with others.

Develop and answer questions about key details in diverse texts and formats.

Develop and answer questions to clarify what the speaker says and identify a speaker's point of view.

Describe familiar people, places, things, and events with relevant details expressing ideas clearly.

Create or utilize existing visual displays to support descriptions to clarify ideas, thoughts, and feelings.

Express thoughts, feelings, and ideas clearly, using complete sentences when appropriate to task, situation, and audienc...

Write an opinion on a topic or personal experience; give two or more reasons to support that opinion.

Write an informative/explanatory text to introduce a topic, supplying some facts to develop points, and provide some sen...

Write narratives which recount real or imagined experiences or events or a short sequence of events.

Create a response to a text, author, theme or personal experience (e.g., poem, dramatization, art work, or other).

Develop questions and participate in shared research and explorations to answer questions and to build knowledge.

Recall and represent relevant information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a quest...

Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.

Compare academic and conversational uses of English.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases, choosing flexibly from an array of s...

Use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

Determine the meaning of the new word formed when a known prefix is added to a known word (e.g., happy/unhappy, tell/ret...

Use a known root word as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word with the same root (e.g., addition, additional).

Use knowledge of the meaning of individual words to predict the meaning of compound words (e.g., birdhouse, lighthouse, ...

Use glossaries and beginning dictionaries to determine or clarify the meaning of words and phrases.

Demonstrate understanding of word relationships and nuances in word meanings.

Identify real-life connections between words and their use.

Use words for identification and description, making connections between words and their use (e.g., describe foods that ...

Distinguish shades of meaning among closely related verbs (e.g., toss, throw, hurl) and closely related adjectives (e.g....

Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to texts, including usin...

Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions and participate by actively listening, taking turns, and staying on topic.

Develop and answer questions to demonstrate an understanding of key ideas and details in a text.

Identify a main topic or central idea and retell key details in a text; summarize portions of a text.

Explain how words and phrases in a text suggest feelings and appeal to the senses.

Describe the overall structure of a text, including describing how the beginning introduces the text and the ending conc...

Identify examples of how illustrations, text features, and details support the point of view or purpose of the text.

Demonstrate understanding of story elements and/or topics by applying information gained from illustrations or text feat...

Explain how specific points the author or illustrator makes in a text are supported by relevant reasons.

Make connections between self and text (texts and other people/world).

Know and apply phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.

Distinguish long and short vowels when reading regularly spelled one-syllable words (including common vowel teams).

Decode short and long vowel sounds in two-syllable words.

Decode regularly spelled two-syllable words.

Recognize and identify root words and common suffixes and prefixes.

Read all common high-frequency words by sight.

Read grade-level text with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension.

Read grade-level text orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression on successive readings.

Use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding, rereading as necessary.

Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse peers and adults in small and large groups and during play.

Build on others' talk in conversations by linking their comments to the remarks of others through multiple exchanges.

Ask for clarification and further explanation as needed about topics and texts under discussion.

Recount or describe key ideas or details of diverse texts and formats.

Consider individual differences when communicating with others.

Develop and answer questions about what a speaker says; agree or disagree with the speaker's point of view, providing a ...

Describe people, places, things, and events with relevant details, expressing ideas and feelings clearly.

Include digital media and/or visual displays in presentations to clarify or support ideas, thoughts, and feelings.

Express thoughts, feelings, and ideas clearly, adapting language according to context.

Write an opinion about a topic or personal experience, using clear reasons and relevant evidence.

Write informative/explanatory texts that introduce a topic, use facts and other information to develop points, use conte...

Write narratives which recount real or imagined experiences or a short sequence of events, including details to describe...

Create a response to a text, author, theme or personal experience (e.g., poem, play, story, art work, or other).

Develop questions and participate in shared research and explorations to answer questions and to build knowledge.

Recall and represent relevant information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a quest...

Recognize differences between the conventions of spoken conversational English and academic English; signal this awarene...

Choose words and phrases for effect.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based, choosing flexibly from a range...

Use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

Determine the meaning of the new word formed when a known affix is added to a known word (e.g., agreeable/disagreeable, ...

Use a known root word as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word with the same root (e.g., company, companion).

Use glossaries or beginning dictionaries to determine or clarify the precise meaning of key words and phrases.

Demonstrate understanding of word relationships and nuances in word meanings.

Distinguish the literal and nonliteral meanings of words and phrases in context (e.g., take steps).

Use words for identification and description, making connections between words and their use (e.g., describe people who ...

Distinguish shades of meaning among related words that describe states of mind or degrees of certainty (e.g., knew, beli...

Acquire and accurately use conversational, general academic, and content-specific words and phrases, including those tha...

Come to discussions having read or studied required material; draw on that preparation and other information known about...

Develop and answer questions to locate relevant and specific details in a text to support an answer or inference.

Determine a theme or central idea and explain how it is supported by key details; summarize portions of a text.

In literary texts, describe character traits, motivations, or feelings, drawing on specific details from the text. In in...

Determine the meaning of words, phrases, figurative language, and academic and content-specific words.

In literary texts, identify parts of stories, dramas, and poems using terms such as chapter, scene, and stanza. In infor...

Discuss how the reader's point of view or perspective may differ from that of the author, narrator or characters in a te...

Explain how specific illustrations or text features contribute to what is conveyed by the words in a text (e.g., create ...

Explain how claims in a text are supported by relevant reasons and evidence. (RI&RL)

Recognize genres and make connections to other texts, ideas, cultural perspectives, eras, personal events, and situation...

Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.

Identify and know the meaning of the most common prefixes and suffixes.

Recognize and read grade-appropriate irregularly spelled words.

Read grade-level text with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension.

Read grade-level text across genres orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression on successive readings.

Use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding, rereading as necessary.

Participate and engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions with diverse peers and adults, expressing ide...

Follow agreed-upon norms for discussions by actively listening, taking turns, and staying on topic.

Ask questions to check understanding of information presented and link comments to the remarks of others.

Explains their own ideas and understanding of the discussion.

Consider individual differences when communicating with others.

Determine the central ideas and supporting details or information presented in diverse texts and formats (e.g., includin...

Ask and answer questions in order to evaluate a speaker's point of view, offering appropriate elaboration and detail.

Report on a topic or text, tell a story, or recount an experience with appropriate facts and relevant, descriptive detai...

Include digital media and/or visual displays in presentations to emphasize certain facts or details.

Identify contexts that call for academic English or informal discourse.

Write an argument to support claim(s), using clear reasons and relevant evidence.

Introduce a claim, supported by details, and organize the reasons and evidence logically.

Use precise language and content-specific vocabulary.

Use linking words and phrases to connect ideas within categories of information.

Provide a concluding statement or section.

Write informative/explanatory texts to explore a topic and convey ideas and information relevant to the subject.

Introduce a topic and organize related information together.

Develop a topic with facts, definitions, and details; include illustrations when useful for aiding comprehension.

Use precise language and content-specific vocabulary.

Use linking words and phrases to connect ideas within categories of information.

Provide a concluding statement or section.

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective techniques, descriptive details, and ...

Establish a situation and introduce a narrator and/or characters.

Use descriptions of actions, thoughts, and feelings to develop experiences and events or show the response of characters...

Use temporal words and phrases to signal event order.

Provide a conclusion.

Create a response to a text, author, theme or personal experience (e.g., poem, play, story, art work, or other).

Conduct research to answer questions, including self-generated questions, and to build knowledge.

Recall relevant information from experiences or gather information from multiple sources; take brief notes on sources an...

Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.

Choose words and phrases to convey ideas precisely.

Choose punctuation for effect.

Distinguish between contexts that call for formal English (e.g., presenting ideas) and situations where informal discour...

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases, choosing flexibly from a range of st...

Use context (e.g., definitions, examples, or restatements in text) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

Use common, grade-appropriate Greek and Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., telegraph, phot...

Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses) to find the pronunciation and determine or cla...

Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.

Explain the meaning of simple similes and metaphors in context.

Recognize and explain the meaning of common idioms, adages, and proverbs.

Demonstrate understanding of words by relating them to their antonyms and synonyms.

Acquire and accurately use general academic and content-specific words and phrases, including those that signal precise ...

Come to discussions prepared, having read or studied required material; draw on that preparation and other information k...

Locate and refer to relevant details and evidence when explaining what a text says explicitly/implicitly and make logica...

Determine a theme or central idea of text and explain how it is supported by key details; summarize a text.

In literary texts, describe a character, setting, or event, drawing on specific details in the text. In informational te...

Determine the meaning of words, phrases, figurative language, academic, and content-specific words.

In literary texts, identify and analyze structural elements, using terms such as verse, rhythm, meter, characters, setti...

In literary texts, compare and contrast the point of view from which different stories are narrated, including the diffe...

Identify information presented visually, orally, or quantitatively (e.g., in charts, graphs, diagrams, time lines, anima...

Explain how claims in a text are supported by relevant reasons and evidence.

Recognize genres and make connections to other texts, ideas, cultural perspectives, eras, personal events, and situation...

Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.

Use combined knowledge of all letter-sound correspondences, syllabication patterns, and morphology (e.g., roots and affi...

Use combined knowledge of all letter-sound correspondences, syllabification patterns, and morphology (e.g. roots, prefix...

Read grade-level text with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension.

Read grade-level text across genres orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression on successive readings.

Use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding, rereading as necessary.

Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions with diverse partners, expressing ideas clearly, and building...

Follow agreed-upon norms for discussions and carry out assigned roles.

Pose and respond to specific questions to clarify or follow up on information, and make comments that contribute to the ...

Review the relevant ideas expressed and explain their own ideas and understanding of the discussion.

Paraphrase portions of information presented in diverse formats (e.g., including visual, quantitative, and oral).

Identify and evaluate the reasons and evidence a speaker provides to support particular points.

Report on a topic or text, tell a story, or recount an experience with appropriate facts and relevant, descriptive detai...

Include digital media and/or visual displays in presentations to emphasize central ideas or themes.

Distinguish between contexts that call for formal English versus/or informal discourse; use formal English when appropri...

Write an argument to support claim(s), using clear reasons and relevant evidence.

Introduce a precise claim, supported by well-organized facts and details, and organize the reasons and evidence logicall...

Use precise language and content-specific vocabulary.

Use transitional words and phrases to connect ideas within categories of information.

Provide a concluding statement or section related to the argument presented.

Write informative/explanatory texts to explore a topic and convey ideas and information relevant to the subject.

Introduce a topic clearly and organize related information in paragraphs and sections.

Develop ideas on a topic with facts, definitions, concrete details, or other relevant information; include text features...

Use precise language and content-specific vocabulary.

Use transitional words and phrases to connect ideas within categories of information.

Provide a concluding statement or section related to the information or explanation presented.

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, descriptive details, and c...

Establish a situation and introduce a narrator and/or characters.

Use dialogue and description of actions, thoughts, and feelings to develop experiences and events or show the responses ...

Use transitional words and phrases to manage the sequence of events.

Use concrete words and phrases and sensory details to convey experiences and events precisely.

Provide a conclusion that follows from the narrated experiences or events.

Create a poem, story, play, art work, or other response to a text, author, theme, or personal experience.

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to respond and support analysis, reflection, and research by applying...

Conduct research to answer questions, including self-generated questions, and to build knowledge through investigating m...

Recall relevant information from experiences or gather relevant information from multiple sources; take notes and catego...

Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.

Expand, combine, and reduce sentences for meaning, reader/listener interest, and style.

Compare and contrast the varieties of English (e.g., dialects, registers) used in stories, dramas, or poems.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases, choosing flexibly from a range of st...

Use context (e.g., cause/effect relationships and comparisons in text) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

Use common, grade-appropriate Greek and Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., photograph, pho...

Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses) to find the pronunciation and determine or cla...

Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.

Interpret figurative language, including similes and metaphors, in context.

Recognize and explain the meaning of common idioms, adages, and proverbs.

Use the relationship between particular words (e.g., synonyms, antonyms, homographs) to better understand each of the wo...

Acquire and accurately use general academic and content-specific words and phrases, including those that signal contrast...

Come to discussions prepared, having read or studied required material; draw on that preparation and other information k...

Locate and refer to relevant details and evidence when explaining what a text says explicitly/implicitly and make logica...

Determine a theme or central idea and explain how it is supported by key details; summarize a text.

In literary texts, compare and contrast two or more characters, settings, and events, drawing on specific details in the...

Determine the meaning of words, phrases, figurative language, academic, and content- specific words and analyze their ef...

In literary texts, explain how a series of chapters, scenes, or stanzas fits together to determine the overall structure...

In literary texts, explain how a narrator's or speaker's point of view influences how events are described. In informati...

Analyze how visual and multimedia elements contribute to meaning of literary and informational texts.

Explain how claims in a text are supported by relevant reasons and evidence, identifying which reasons and evidence supp...

Use established criteria to categorize texts and make informed judgments about quality; make connections to other texts,...

Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.

Use combined knowledge of all letter-sound correspondences, syllabication patterns, and morphology (e.g., roots and affi...

Read grade-level text with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension.

Read grade-level text across genres orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression on successive readings.

Use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding, rereading as necessary.

Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions with diverse partners; express ideas clearly and persuasively...

Follow agreed-upon norms for discussions and carry out assigned roles.

Pose and respond to specific questions by making comments that contribute to the discussion and elaborate on the remarks...

Consider the ideas expressed and draw conclusion about information and knowledge gained from the discussions.

Summarize information presented in diverse format (e.g., including visual, quantitative, and oral).

Identify and evaluate the reasons and evidence a speaker provides to support particular points.

Report on a topic or text, sequencing ideas logically and using appropriate facts and relevant, descriptive details to s...

Include digital media and/or visual displays in presentations to emphasize and enhance central ideas or themes.

Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, using formal English when appropriate.

Write an argument to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence.

Introduce a precise claim and organize the reasons and evidence logically.

Provide logically ordered reasons that are supported by facts and details from various sources.

Use precise language and content-specific vocabulary while writing an argument.

Use appropriate transitional words, phrases, and clauses to clarify and connect ideas and concepts.

Provide a concluding statement or section related to the argument presented.

Maintain a style and tone appropriate to the writing task.

Write informative/explanatory texts to explore a topic and convey ideas and information relevant to the subject.

Introduce a topic clearly, provide a general focus, and organize related information logically.

Develop a topic with facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other relevant information; include text featu...

Use precise language and content-specific vocabulary to explain a topic.

Use appropriate transitional/linking words, phrases, and clauses to clarify and connect ideas and concepts.

Provide a concluding statement or section related to the information or explanation presented.

Establish a style aligned to a subject area or task.

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective techniques, descriptive details, and ...

Establish a situation and introduce a narrator and/or characters.

Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue and description, to develop experiences and events or show the responses of c...

Use a variety of transitional words, phrases, and clauses to manage the sequence of events.

Use concrete words and phrases and sensory details to convey experiences and events precisely.

Provide a conclusion that follows from the narrated experiences or events.

Create a poem, story, play, art work, or other response to a text, author, theme, or personal experience.

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to respond and support analysis, reflection, and research by applying...

Conduct research to answer questions, including self-generated questions, and to build knowledge through investigation o...

Recall relevant information from experiences or gather relevant information from multiple sources; summarize or paraphra...

Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.

Vary sentence patterns for meaning, reader/listener interest, and style.

Maintain consistency in style and tone.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases, choosing flexibly from a range of st...

Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word's position or function in a sentence) as a clu...

Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., audience, audito...

Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses) to find the pronunciation of a word or determi...

Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in conte...

Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.

Interpret figurative language, including personification, in context.

Use the relationship between particular words (e.g., cause/effect, part/whole, item/category) to better understand each ...

Distinguish among the connotations of words with similar denotations (e.g., stingy, scrimping, economical, unwasteful, t...

Acquire and accurately use general academic and content-specific words and phrases; apply vocabulary knowledge when cons...

Come to discussions prepared, having read or studied required material; draw on that preparation by referring to evidenc...

Cite textual evidence to support an analysis of what the text says explicitly/implicitly and make logical inferences.

Determine a theme or central idea of a text and how it is developed by key supporting details over the course of a text;...

In literary texts, describe how events unfold, as well as how characters respond or change as the plot moves toward a re...

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings. An...

In literary texts, analyze how a particular sentence, paragraph, stanza, chapter, scene, or section fits into the overal...

Identify the point of view and explain how it is developed and conveys meaning. Explain how an author's geographic locat...

Compare and contrast how different formats, including print and digital media, contribute to the understanding of a subj...

Trace and evaluate the development of an argument and specific claims in texts, distinguishing claims that are supported...

Use established criteria in order to evaluate the quality of texts. Make connections to other texts, ideas, cultural per...

Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions with diverse partners; express ideas clearly and persuasively...

Follow norms for collegial discussions, set specific goals and deadlines, and define individual roles as needed.

Pose and respond to specific questions with elaboration and detail by making comments that contribute to the topic, text...

Consider the ideas expressed and demonstrate understanding of multiple perspectives through reflection and paraphrasing.

Interpret information presented in diverse formats (e.g., including visual, quantitative, and oral) and explain how it r...

Delineate a speaker's argument and specific claims, distinguishing claims that are supported by reasons and evidence fro...

Present claims and findings, sequencing ideas logically and using relevant descriptions, facts, and details to accentuat...

Include digital media and/or visual displays in presentations to clarify information and emphasize and enhance central i...

Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate.

Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence.

Introduce a precise claim, acknowledge and distinguish the claim from a counterclaim, and organize the reasons and evide...

Support claim(s) with clear reasons and relevant evidence, using credible sources while demonstrating an understanding o...

Use precise language and content-specific vocabulary to argue a claim.

Use appropriate transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts.

Provide a concluding statement or section that explains the significance of the argument presented.

Maintain a style and tone appropriate to the writing task.

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection...

Introduce a topic clearly; organize ideas, concepts, and information using strategies such as definition, classification...

Develop a topic with relevant facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples; inclu...

Use precise language and content-specific vocabulary to explain a topic.

Use appropriate transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts.

Provide a concluding statement or section that explains the significance of the information presented.

Establish and maintain a style appropriate to the writing task.

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective techniques, descriptive details and s...

Engage the reader by introducing a narrator and/or characters.

Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue and description, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.

Use a variety of transitional words, phrases, and clauses to convey sequence and signal shifts from one time frame or se...

Use precise words and phrases, relevant descriptive details, and sensory language to convey experiences and events.

Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the...

Create a poem, story, play, art work, or other response to a text, author, theme, or personal experience.

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. Apply grade 6 Reading ...

Conduct research to answer questions, including self-generated questions, drawing on multiple sources and refocusing the...

Gather relevant information from multiple sources; assess the credibility of each source; quote or paraphrase the data a...

Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.

Choose language that expresses ideas precisely and concisely, recognizing and eliminating wordiness and redundancy.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases, choosing flexibly from a range of st...

Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word's position or function in a sentence) as a clu...

Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., belligerent, bel...

Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digita...

Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in conte...

Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.

Interpret figurative language, including allusions, in context.

Use the relationship between particular words (e.g., synonym/antonym, analogy) to better understand each of the words.

Distinguish among the connotations of words with similar denotations (e.g., refined, respectful, polite, diplomatic, con...

Acquire and accurately use general academic and content-specific words and phrases; apply vocabulary knowledge when cons...

Cite textual evidence to support an analysis of what the text says explicitly/implicitly and make logical inferences.

Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text; summarize a text.

In literary texts, analyze how elements of plot are related, affect one another, and contribute to meaning. In informati...

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings. An...

In literary texts, analyze how structure, including genre-specific features, contributes to the development of themes an...

In literary texts, analyze how an author develops and contrasts the point of view and the perspectives of different char...

Compare and contrast a written text with audio, filmed, staged, or digital versions in order to analyze the effects of t...

Trace and evaluate the development of an argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is vali...

Use established criteria in order to evaluate the quality of texts. Make connections to other texts, ideas, cultural per...

Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions with diverse partners; express ideas clearly and persuasively...

Come to discussions prepared, having read or researched material under study; draw on that preparation by referring to e...

Follow norms for collegial discussions, track progress toward specific goals and deadlines, and define individual roles ...

Pose questions that elicit elaboration and respond to others' questions and comments with relevant observations and idea...

Acknowledge new information expressed by others and, when warranted, modify personal views.

Analyze the central ideas and supporting details presented in diverse formats (e.g., including visual, quantitative, and...

Delineate a speaker's argument and specific claims, evaluating for sound reasoning, and the relevance and sufficiency of...

Present claims and findings, emphasizing salient points in a focused, coherent manner with relevant descriptions, facts,...

Include digital media and/or visual displays in presentations to clarify claims and findings and emphasize salient point...

Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate.

Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence.

Introduce a precise claim, acknowledge and distinguish the claim from a counterclaim, and organize the reasons and evide...

Support claim(s) with logical reasoning and relevant evidence, using credible sources while demonstrating an understandi...

Use precise language and content-specific vocabulary to argue a claim.

Use appropriate transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts.

Provide a concluding statement or section that explains the significance of the argument presented.

Maintain a style and tone appropriate to the writing task.

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection...

Introduce a topic clearly, previewing what is to follow; organize ideas, concepts, and information, using strategies suc...

Develop a topic with relevant facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples; inclu...

Use precise language and content-specific vocabulary to explain a topic.

Use appropriate transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts.

Provide a concluding statement or section that explains the significance of the information presented.

Establish and maintain a style appropriate to the writing task.

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective techniques, descriptive details and c...

Engage the reader by establishing a point of view and introducing a narrator and/or characters.

Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue and description, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.

Use a variety of transitional words, phrases, and clauses to convey sequence and signal shifts from one time frame or se...

Use precise words and phrases, relevant descriptive details, and sensory language to capture the action and convey exper...

Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the...

Create a poem, story, play, art work, or other response to a text, author, theme, or personal experience.

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. Apply grade 7 Reading ...

Conduct research to answer questions, including self-generated questions, drawing on multiple sources and refocusing the...

Gather relevant information from multiple sources; assess the credibility and accuracy of each source; quote or paraphra...

Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.

Use verbs in the active and passive voice and in the conditional and subjunctive mood to achieve particular effects (e.g...

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases, choosing flexibly from a range of st...

Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word's position or function in a sentence) as a clu...

Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., precede, recede,...

Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses) to find the pronunciat...

Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in conte...

Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.

Interpret figures of speech including irony and puns in context.

Use the relationship between particular words to better understand each of the words.

Distinguish among the connotations of words with similar denotations (e.g., bullheaded, willful, firm, persistent, resol...

Acquire and accurately use general academic and content-specific words and phrases; apply vocabulary knowledge when cons...

Come to discussions prepared, having read or researched material under study; draw on that preparation by referring to e...

Cite textual evidence to strongly support an analysis of what the text says explicitly/implicitly and make logical infer...

Determine one or more themes or central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text; summa...

In literary texts, analyze how particular lines of dialogue or events propel the action, reveal aspects of a character, ...

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings. An...

In literary texts, and informational texts, compare and contrast the structures of two or more texts in order to analyze...

In literary texts, analyze how the differences between the point of view, perspectives of the characters, the audience, ...

Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using different media-- text, audio, video, stage, or digital-- to present ...

Trace and evaluate an argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence ...

Choose and develop criteria in order to evaluate the quality of texts. Make connections to other texts, ideas, cultural ...

Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions with diverse partners; express ideas clearly and persuasively...

Follow norms for collegial discussions and decision-making, track progress toward specific goals and deadlines, and defi...

Pose questions that connect the ideas of several speakers and respond to others' questions and comments with relevant ev...

Acknowledge new information expressed by others, and, when warranted, qualify or justify personal views in light of the ...

Analyze the purpose of information presented in diverse formats (e.g., including visual, quantitative, and oral) and eva...

Delineate a speaker's argument and specific claims, evaluating for sound reasoning, and the relevance and sufficiency of...

Present claims and findings, emphasizing salient points in a focused, coherent manner with relevant evidence, valid reas...

Integrate digital media and/or visual displays in presentations to clarify information, strengthen claims and evidence, ...

Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate.

Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence.

Introduce a precise claim, acknowledge and distinguish the claim(s) from a counterclaim, and organize the reasons and ev...

Support claim(s) with logical reasoning and relevant evidence, using credible sources while demonstrating an understandi...

Use precise language and content-specific vocabulary to argue a claim.

Use appropriate and varied transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts.

Provide a concluding statement or section that explains the significance of the argument presented.

Maintain a style and tone appropriate to the writing task.

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection...

Introduce a topic clearly, previewing what is to follow; organize ideas, concepts, and information, using strategies suc...

Develop a topic with relevant facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples; inclu...

Use precise language and content-specific vocabulary to explain a topic.

Use appropriate and varied transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts.

Provide a concluding statement or section that explains the significance of the information presented.

Establish and maintain a style appropriate to the writing task.

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective techniques, relevant descriptive deta...

Engage the reader by establishing a point of view and introducing a narrator and/or characters.

Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, and reflection to develop experiences, events, and/or c...

Use a variety of transitional words, phrases, and clauses to convey sequence, signal shifts from one time frame or setti...

Use precise words and phrases, relevant descriptive details, and sensory language to capture the action and convey exper...

Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the...

Create a poem, story, play, art work, or other response to a text, author, theme or personal experience; explain diverge...

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. Apply grade 8 Reading ...

Conduct research to answer questions, including self-generated questions, drawing on multiple sources, refocusing the in...

Gather relevant information from multiple sources; assess the credibility and accuracy of each source; quote or paraphra...

Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for me...

Write and edit work so that it conforms to the guidelines in a professionally recognized style manual appropriate for th...

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases, choosing flexibly from a range of st...

Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph, or text; a word’s position or function in a sentence) a...

 Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech (e.g., analyze,...

Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses) to find the pronunciat...

Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in conte...

Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.

Interpret figures of speech, including euphemism and oxymoron, in context and analyze their role in the text.

Analyze nuances in the meaning of words with similar denotations.

Acquire and accurately use general academic and content-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, spe...

Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly/implicitly and make logic...

Determine one or more themes or central ideas in a text and analyze its development, including how it emerges and is sha...

Analyze how and why individuals, events, and ideas develop and interact over the course of a text. In literary texts, an...

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings. An...

In literary texts, consider how varied aspects of structure create meaning and affect the reader. (RL) In informational ...

Analyze how authors employ point of view, perspective, and purpose to shape explicit and implicit messages (e.g., examin...

Analyze how a subject / content is presented in two or more formats by determining which details are emphasized, altered...

Delineate and evaluate an argument and specific claims in a text, assessing the validity or fallacy of key statements by...

Choose and develop criteria in order to evaluate the quality of texts. Make connections to other texts, ideas, cultural ...

Initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions with diverse partners on complex topics, te...

Come to discussions prepared, having read and researched material under study; draw on that preparation by referring to ...

Work with peers to set norms for collegial discussions and decision-making, establish clear goals, deadlines, and indivi...

Pose and respond to questions that relate the discussion to broader themes or ideas; actively incorporate others into th...

Respond thoughtfully to diverse perspectives, summarize points of agreement and disagreement, and, when warranted, quali...

Integrate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats (e.g., including visual, quantitative, and oral),...

Evaluate a speaker’s point of view, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric; identify any fallacious reasoning or ex...

Present claims, findings, and supporting evidence clearly, concisely, and logically; organization, development, substanc...

Make strategic use of digital media and/or visual displays in presentations to enhance understanding of findings, reason...

Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate. 

Write arguments to support claims that analyze substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and suffi...

Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from counterclaims, establish and organize clear relationships amon...

Develop claim(s) and counterclaims in a balanced manner, supplying evidence for each while pointing out the strengths an...

Use precise language and content-specific vocabulary to express the appropriate complexity of the topic.

Use appropriate and varied transitions to make critical connections and distinctions, create cohesion, and clarify the r...

Provide a concluding statement or section that explains the significance of the argument presented. 

Maintain a style and tone appropriate to the writing task.

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accuratel...

Introduce and organize complex ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions. 

Develop a topic with well-chosen relevant and sufficient facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations and paraphrase...

Use precise language and content-specific vocabulary to express the appropriate complexity of a topic.

Use appropriate and varied transitions to make critical connections and distinctions, create cohesion, and clarify relat...

Provide a concluding statement or section that explains the significance of the information presented.

Establish and maintain a style appropriate to the writing task. 

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and w...

Engage the reader by presenting a problem, conflict, situation, or observation, establishing one or multiple point(s) of...

Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection, and plot line(s) to develop experiences, ev...

Use a variety of techniques to sequence events to create cohesion and a smooth progression of experiences or events. 

Use precise words and phrases, explicit details, and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, even...

Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the...

Create a poem, story, play, art work, or other response to a text, author, theme or personal experience; demonstrate kno...

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. Apply grade 9/10 Readi...

Conduct research to answer questions, including self-generated questions, or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inqu...

Gather relevant information from multiple sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each so...