NY Next Generation ELA 1RF2.c
The Standard
Manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in single -syllable spoken words.
New York State Next Generation English Language Arts Learning Standards · Phonological Awareness
Teacher's field guide
What This Standard Means
What Students Need to Do
- Students manipulate individual phonemes in spoken one-syllable words. They add, remove, substitute, or move through sounds while keeping track of the word.
What Mastery Looks Like
- The student changes one phoneme as directed and states the resulting word accurately. The student can identify which sound position changed.
Common Misconceptions
- Students may manipulate letters instead of spoken sounds. They may lose consonants in blends or change more than the requested phoneme.
How to Assess It
- Ask students to change the final sound in cat to make cap, remove the first sound from slip, and add /s/ before top.
Lesson moves
Ways to Teach It
Use counters on a three- or four-box sound mat to show each requested phoneme change.
Ask students how the word changes when only its final sound changes.
Play Phoneme Chain by changing one spoken sound per turn.
Create oral word changes from names of classroom materials without showing print.
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Printable 1RF2.c Worksheet

A ready-to-print activity worksheet aligned to 1RF2.c, with an answer key for the teacher on its own page. No account needed.
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Related Standards
- KRF2.d
Blend and segment individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken one-syllable words
- 1RF2
Demonstrate understanding of spoken words, syllables, and sounds (phonemes).
- KRF2.e
Create new words by manipulating the phonemes orally in one-syllable words.
- 1RF2.b
Create new words by manipulating individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken one-syllable words.
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