Kentucky Academic Standards for Reading and Writing (2025)
Each standard below is explained in plain language, with lesson ideas and a free generator that builds a full lesson plan aligned to it. Standard text is verified against kystandards.org.
Kindergarten
- C.K.1
Compose opinion pieces, using a combination of drawing, dictating, writing and digital resources, to state the topic and...
- C.K.1.a
With guidance and support from adults, strengthen writing through peer collaboration and adding details through writing ...
- C.K.1.b
Introduce the topic.
- C.K.1.c
Provide reasons with details to support the opinion.
- C.K.1.d
Use grade-appropriate transitions to connect sentences.
- C.K.1.e
Provide a concluding idea.
- C.K.1.f
With guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising and edit...
- C.K.2
Compose informative and/or explanatory texts, using a combination of drawing, dictating, writing and digital resources, ...
- C.K.2.a
With guidance and support from adults, strengthen writing through peer collaboration and adding details through writing ...
- C.K.2.b
Introduce the topic.
- C.K.2.c
Supply information to develop the topic.
- C.K.2.d
Use grade-appropriate conjunctions to develop text structure within sentences.
- C.K.2.e
Use grade-appropriate transitions to combine sentences within a paragraph (or piece).
- C.K.2.f
Provide a concluding idea.
- C.K.2.g
With guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising and edit...
- C.K.3
Compose narratives, using a combination of drawing, dictating, writing and digital resources, to develop real or imagine...
- C.K.3.a
With guidance and support from adults, produce writing in which the development and organization are appropriate to task...
- C.K.3.b
Recount a single event.
- C.K.3.c
Include details which describe actions, thoughts and/or emotions.
- C.K.3.d
Create a sense of closure.
- C.K.3.e
With guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising and edit...
- C.K.4
With guidance and support from adults, explore a variety of digital resources to create and publish products, including ...
- C.K.5
With guidance and support, participate in shared research and writing projects.
- C.K.6
With guidance and support, collect information from real-world experiences or provided sources to answer or generate que...
- HW.K.1
Print all upper and lowercase letters and numerals.
- L.K.1
When writing or speaking, demonstrate appropriate use of:
- L.K.1.a
common nouns and verbs.
- L.K.1.c
interrogative sentences using who, what, where, when, why and how.
- L.K.1.d
sentences using common prepositions.
- L.K.1.e
complete sentences.
- L.K.2
When writing:
- L.K.2.d
Spell consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) words, and attempt to spell simple words drawing on knowledge of phoneme-grapheme ...
- L.K.4.a
Identify homophones.
- L.K.4.b
Identify common affixes and how they change the meaning of a word.
- L.K.5.b
Demonstrate an understanding of verbs and adjectives and their antonyms.
- L.K.5.c
Demonstrate an understanding of verbs and adjectives and their synonyms.
- RF.K.1
Demonstrate understanding of the organization and basic features of print to aid in comprehension.
- RF.K.2.d
Isolate and pronounce the initial, medial vowel and final sounds (phonemes) in three-phoneme words.
- RF.K.3
Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding and encoding words.
- RF.K.3.c
Distinguish between similarly spelled words by analyzing the phoneme-grapheme correspondence.
- RF.K.3.d
Decode consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) words.
- RF.K.3.e
Encode consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) words.
- RF.K.4
Read fluently (accuracy, speed, and prosody) on grade-level to support comprehension.
- RF.K.4.a
Read decodable text with purpose and understanding.
- RF.K.4.b
Read irregularly spelled high-frequency words with automaticity and accuracy.
- RI.K.1
With prompting and support, ask and answer explicit questions about key concepts and details, and make logical inference...
- RI.K.10
With prompting and support through listening comprehension, routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledg...
- RI.K.2
With prompting and support, orally recognize key details from an informational text to demonstrate understanding of the ...
- RI.K.3
With prompting and support, identify the individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information presented over the course ...
- RI.K.6
With prompting and support, identify the author and illustrator of a text, and define the role of each in presenting the...
- RI.K.7
With prompting and support, describe the relationship between visuals and the text.
- RI.K.8
With prompting and support, identify the claim and the reasons an author gives to support claims in a text.
- RI.K.9
With prompting and support, identify information from two or more texts on similar themes or topics.
- RL.K.1
With prompting and support, ask and answer explicit questions about key ideas and details, and make logical inferences t...
- RL.K.10
With prompting and support through listening comprehension, routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledg...
- RL.K.2
With prompting and support, orally recognize key details from a literary text to demonstrate understanding of the lesson...
- RL.K.3
With prompting and support, identify characters, settings and major events in a story in order to make meaning of the st...
- RL.K.4
With prompting and support, identify words and phrases in stories or poems that suggest feelings or appeal to the senses...
- RL.K.5
With prompting and support, identify structures of common literary text (e.g., stories, poems and dramas).
- RL.K.9
With prompting and support, compare and contrast the adventures and experiences of characters in stories.
Grade 1
- C.1.1
Compose opinion pieces, using a combination of drawing, dictating, writing and digital resources, to state the topic and...
- C.1.1.a
With guidance and support from adults, strengthen writing through peer collaboration and adding details through writing ...
- C.1.1.b
Introduce the topic.
- C.1.1.c
Provide reasons with details to support the opinion.
- C.1.1.d
Use grade-appropriate transitions.
- C.1.1.e
Provide a concluding section.
- C.1.1.f
With guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising and edit...
- C.1.2
Compose informative and/or explanatory texts, using a combination of drawing, dictating, writing and digital resources, ...
- C.1.2.a
With guidance and support from adults, strengthen writing through peer collaboration and adding details through writing ...
- C.1.2.b
Introduce the topic.
- C.1.2.c
Supply information with detail to develop the topic.
- C.1.2.d
Use grade-appropriate conjunctions to connect sentences and paragraphs.
- C.1.2.e
Use grade-appropriate transition words and phrases to develop text structure in sentences and paragraphs.
- C.1.2.f
Provide a concluding section.
- C.1.2.g
With guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising and edit...
- C.1.3
Compose narratives, using a combination of drawing, dictating, writing and digital resources, to develop real or imagine...
- C.1.3.a
With guidance and support from adults, produce writing in which the development and organization are appropriate to task...
- C.1.3.b
Recount a single event or multiple events, memories or ideas.
- C.1.3.c
Include details which describe actions, thoughts and/or emotions.
- C.1.3.d
Use temporal words and phrases to signal event order.
- C.1.3.e
Create a sense of closure.
- C.1.3.f
With guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising and edit...
- C.1.4
With guidance and support from adults, use a variety of digital resources to create and publish products, including in c...
- C.1.5
With guidance and support, participate in shared research and writing projects.
- C.1.6
With guidance and support, collect information from real-world experiences or provided sources to answer or generate que...
- HW.1.1
Legibly print all upper- and lowercase letters and numerals with correct form.
- L.1.1
When writing or speaking, demonstrate appropriate use of:
- L.1.1.a
common, proper and possessive nouns in a sentence.
- L.1.1.c
personal, possessive and indefinite pronouns in a sentence.
- L.1.1.e
frequently occurring adjectives in a sentence.
- L.1.1.h
declarative, interrogative, imperative and exclamatory sentences in response to prompts.
- L.1.2
When writing:
- L.1.2.a
Capitalize proper nouns, including but not limited to dates and names of people.
- L.1.2.c
With prompting and support, produce and write commas in dates and to separate single words in a series.
- L.1.2.e
With adult support, spell untaught words phonetically, using phonemic awareness and syllabication.
- L.1.4.b
Identify common affixes and how they change the meaning of a word.
- L.1.4.c
With guidance and support, identify frequently occurring root words and their inflectional forms.
- L.1.5.a
Sort words into categories to classify relationships and to gain a sense of the concepts the categories represent.
- L.1.5.c
Demonstrate understanding of words by relating them to their synonyms and antonyms.
- L.1.5.d
Define or act out the shades of meaning among verbs (e.g., look, peek, glance) and adjectives differing in intensity (e....
- RF.1.1
Demonstrate understanding of the organization and basic features of print to aid in comprehension.
- RF.1.1.a
Recognize the distinguishing features of a sentence including first word, capitalization, spacing and ending punctuation...
- RF.1.2.c
Construct and deconstruct spoken single syllable words into initial, medial vowel and final sounds(phonemes).
- RF.1.3
Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding and encoding words.
- RF.1.3.e
With adult support, decode two-syllable words by breaking the words into syllables.
- RF.1.3.f
With adult support, encode two-syllable words by breaking the words into syllables.
- RF.1.4
Read fluently (accuracy, speed and prosody) on grade-level to support comprehension.
- RF.1.4.a
Read a variety of grade-level texts (including but not limited to decodables) with purpose and understanding.
- RF.1.4.d
Read irregularly spelled high-frequency words with automaticity and accuracy.
- RI.1.1
With prompting and support, ask and answer explicit questions about key concepts and details, and make and support logic...
- RI.1.10
With prompting and support through listening comprehension, routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledg...
- RI.1.2
With prompting and support, recognize key details from an informational text to demonstrate understanding of the central...
- RI.1.3
With prompting and support, identify the connection between individuals, events, ideas or pieces of information over the...
- RI.1.4
Ask and answer questions to help determine or clarify the meaning of words and phrases in a grade-level text.
- RI.1.7
Use the visuals and details in a text to describe its key ideas.
- RI.1.8
Identify the claim and the reasons an author gives to support the claim in a text.
- RI.1.9
Identify information from two or more texts on similar themes or topics.
- RL.1.1
With prompting and support, ask and answer explicit questions about key ideas and details, and make and support logical ...
- RL.1.10
With prompting and support through listening comprehension, routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledg...
- RL.1.2
With prompting and support, recognize key details from a literary text to demonstrate understanding of the author’s mess...
- RL.1.3
Describe characters, settings and major events in a story, using key details in order to make meaning of the story devel...
- RL.1.4
Identify words and phrases in stories or poems that suggest feelings or appeal to the senses in order to construct meani...
- RL.1.5
Identify differences between the structures of stories, poems and dramas.
- RL.1.6
With prompting and support, identify who is telling the story at various points in a text.
- RL.1.7
Use a story's illustrations and details to describe its characters, setting and events.
Grade 2
- C.2.1
Compose opinion pieces, using a combination of writing and digital resources, on topics or texts, with supporting reason...
- C.2.1.a
With guidance and support from adults, strengthen writing through peer collaboration and adding details through writing ...
- C.2.1.b
Introduce the topic, followed by opinion statement, and create an organizational structure.
- C.2.1.c
Provide reasons with details to support the opinion.
- C.2.1.d
Use grade-appropriate transitions to connect sentences and paragraphs.
- C.2.1.e
Provide a concluding section.
- C.2.1.f
With guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising and edit...
- C.2.2
Compose informative and/or explanatory texts, using writing and digital resources, to establish a topic and provide info...
- C.2.2.a
With guidance and support from adults, strengthen writing through peer collaboration and adding details through writing ...
- C.2.2.b
Introduce the topic.
- C.2.2.c
Supply information with detail to develop the topic.
- C.2.2.d
Use grade-appropriate conjunctions to develop text structure within sentences.
- C.2.2.e
Use grade-appropriate transitions to develop text structure in sentences and paragraphs.
- C.2.2.f
Provide a concluding section.
- C.2.2.g
With guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising and edit...
- C.2.3
Compose narratives, using writing and digital resources, to develop real or imagined experiences or multiple events or i...
- C.2.3.a
With guidance and support from adults, produce writing in which the development and organization are appropriate to task...
- C.2.3.b
Recount a single event or multiple events, memories or ideas.
- C.2.3.c
Include details which describe actions, thoughts and/or emotions.
- C.2.3.d
Use temporal words and phrases to signal event order.
- C.2.3.e
Create a sense of closure.
- C.2.3.f
With guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising and edit...
- C.2.4
With guidance and support from adults, use a variety of digital resources to create and publish products, including in c...
- C.2.5
Conduct shared research and writing projects that build knowledge about a topic.
- C.2.6
Collect information from real-world experiences or provided sources to answer or generate questions.
- HW.2.1
Introduce formation of all upper- and lowercase cursive letters.
- L.2.1
In writing or speaking, demonstrate appropriate use of:
- L.2.1.b
frequently occurring irregular nouns.
- L.2.1.c
reflexive pronouns.
- L.2.1.d
past tense of frequently occurring irregular verbs.
- L.2.1.e
adjectives and adverbs in sentence formation.
- L.2.2
When writing:
- L.2.2.a
Capitalize proper nouns, including but not limited to holidays, product names and geographic names.
- L.2.2.b
Demonstrate appropriate use of commas in varied communication formats (e.g., letter, email, blog).
- L.2.2.c
Use apostrophe to form contractions and possessives.
- L.2.2.d
Generalize spelling patterns (graphemes).
- L.2.2.e
Use reference materials to self-check and correct spelling.
- L.2.3.a
Compare academic and non-academic uses of language.
- L.2.4.e
Use glossaries and beginning dictionaries to determine or clarify the meaning of words and phrases.
- L.2.5.a
Demonstrate understanding of words by relating them to their synonyms and antonyms.
- RF.2.1
No Print Concepts Standard for grade 2.
- RF.2.2
No Phonological Awareness Standard for grade 2.
- RF.2.3
Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding and encoding words.
- RF.2.3.d
Encode regularly spelled two-syllable words with long vowels.
- RF.2.3.e
Identify, decode, encode and know the meaning of words with the most common prefixes and derivational suffixes.
- RF.2.4
Read fluently (accuracy, speed and prosody) on grade-level to support comprehension.
- RF.2.4.a
Read a variety of grade-level texts (including but not limited to decodables) with purpose and understanding.
- RF.2.4.b
Orally read grade-level text fluently on successive readings.
- RF.2.4.d
Read irregularly spelled high-frequency words with automaticity and accuracy.
- RI.2.1
Ask and answer such questions as who, what, where, when, why, and how, and make and support logical inferences to constr...
- RI.2.10
Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to unders...
- RI.2.2
Identify implicit and explicit information from an informational text to determine the central idea of a text.
- RI.2.3
Describe the connection between individuals, historical events, scientific ideas or concepts or steps in technical proce...
- RI.2.4
Determine the meaning of general academic words and phrases and how those words and phrases shape meaning in a grade-lev...
- RI.2.5
Identify and describe informational text structures, including sequence/chronological and descriptive structures, and de...
- RI.2.6
Identify the main purpose of a text, including what the author wants to answer, explain or describe, and how that purpos...
- RI.2.7
Identify information gained from visuals and words in the text, and explain how that information contributes to understa...
- RI.2.8
Describe how reasons support specific claims the author makes in a text.
- RI.2.9
Describe the relationship between information from two or more texts on the same theme or topic.
- RL.2.1
Ask and answer such questions as who, what, where, when, why and how, and make and support logical inferences to constru...
- RL.2.10
Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to unders...
- RL.2.2
Identify implicit and explicit information from a literary text to determine the author’s message, lesson learned and/or...
- RL.2.3
Describe how characters in a story respond to major events and challenges in order to make meaning of the story developm...
- RL.2.5
Describe how parts of the text contribute to the overall structure of stories, poems and dramas (e.g., beginning, middle...
- RL.2.6
With prompting and support, acknowledge differences in the perspectives of characters, including by speaking in a differ...
- RL.2.7
Use a story's illustrations and words in print/non-print texts to demonstrate understanding of characters, setting and p...
Grade 3
- C.3.1
Compose opinion pieces, using a combination of writing and digital resources, on topics or texts, with supporting reason...
- C.3.1.b
Introduce the topic, followed by opinion statement, and create an organizational structure.
- C.3.1.c
Provide reasons with elaborate details to support the opinion.
- C.3.1.d
Use grade-appropriate transitions to connect sentences and paragraphs.
- C.3.1.e
Provide a concluding section.
- C.3.2
Compose informative and/or explanatory texts, using writing and digital resources, to examine a topic and provide inform...
- C.3.2.d
Use grade-appropriate conjunctions to develop text structure within sentences.
- C.3.2.e
Use grade-appropriate transitions to develop text structure in sentences and paragraphs.
- C.3.2.f
Provide a concluding section.
- C.3.3
Compose narratives, using writing and digital resources, to develop real or imagined experiences or multiple events or i...
- C.3.3.b
Establish a situation, and introduce a narrator and/or characters; organize an event sequence that reflects linear, nonl...
- C.3.3.e
Create a sense of closure that follows the narrated experiences or events.
- C.3.4
With guidance and support from adults, use digital resources to create and publish products as well as to interact and c...
- C.3.6
Summarize information from experiences or gather information from print and digital sources; take brief notes on informa...
- C.3.7
Compose routinely over extended time frames and shorter time frames for a variety of tasks, purposes and audiences.
- HW.3.1
Legibly form cursive letters, words, and sentences with accepted norms.
- L.3.1
When writing or speaking, demonstrate command of the conventions of General American English grammar and usage.
- L.3.1.a
Explain the function of nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs in a grade-level text.
- L.3.1.e
Use verb tenses.
- L.3.2
When writing:
- L.3.2.d
Use possessives.
- L.3.2.e
Use conventional spelling for high-frequency words where suffixes are added to base words.
- L.3.2.f
Use spelling patterns (graphemes) and generalizations in writing multisyllabic words.
- L.3.2.g
Consult reference materials as needed to check and correct spellings.
- L.3.3.b
Recognize and observe differences between the conventions of spoken and written General American English.
- L.3.4.d
Use glossaries or beginning dictionaries to determine or clarify the precise meaning of key words and phrases.
- L.3.5
Demonstrate understanding of word relationships and nuances in word meanings.
- L.3.5.b
Demonstrate understanding of words by relating them to their synonyms and antonyms.
- L.3.5.c
Distinguish shades of meaning among related words that describe degrees of certainty.
- RF.3.1
No Print Concepts standard for grade 3.
- RF.3.2
No Phonological Awareness standard for grade 3.
- RF.3.3
Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding and encoding words.
- RF.3.3.a
Identify, decode, encode and know the meaning of words with the most common prefixes and derivational suffixes, includin...
- RF.3.3.b
Decode and encode multisyllabic words.
- RF.3.4
Read fluently (accuracy, speed and prosody) on grade-level to support comprehension.
- RF.3.4.b
Fluently read grade-level prose and poetry orally on successive readings.
- RI.3.1
Ask and answer questions, and make and support logical inferences to construct meaning from the text.
- RI.3.10
Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to unders...
- RI.3.2
Identify implicit and cite explicit information from an informational text to determine the central idea of a text.
- RI.3.3
Describe the relationship between individuals, a series of historical events, scientific ideas or concepts or steps in t...
- RI.3.4
Determine the meaning of general academic words and phrases in a grade-level text, and describe how those words and phra...
- RI.3.5
Identify and describe informational text structures, including comparison, cause/effect and problem/solution structures,...
- RI.3.6
Distinguish their own perspective from that of the author of a text, and describe how various perspectives shape the con...
- RI.3.7
Identify and explain how specific visuals, including but not limited to diagrams, graphs, photographs and side bars, con...
- RI.3.8
Describe how reasons and evidence support specific claims the author makes in a text.
- RI.3.9
Explain the relationship between information from two or more texts on the same theme or topic.
- RL.3.1
Ask and answer questions, and make and support logical inferences to construct meaning from the text.
- RL.3.10
Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to unders...
- RL.3.2
Identify implicit and cite explicit information from a literary text to determine the theme, lesson learned and/or moral...
- RL.3.3
Describe characters in a story, including but not limited to their traits, motivations, actions or feelings, and how the...
- RL.3.4
Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, distinguishing literal from nonliteral language, ...
- RL.3.5
Describe the structure and provide evidence of how the parts of the text contribute to the whole in a story, poem or dra...
- RL.3.6
Distinguish their own perspective from that of the narrator or those of the characters, and describe how various perspec...
- RL.3.7
Explain how the specific aspects of a text's illustrations contribute to an effect, including but not limited to creatin...
Grade 4
- C.4.1
Compose opinions, using writing and digital resources, on topics or texts, supporting an author's perspective with reaso...
- C.4.1.d
Use grade-appropriate transitions to connect sentences and paragraphs.
- C.4.1.e
Provide a concluding section.
- C.4.1.f
With guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing...
- C.4.2
Compose informative and/or explanatory texts, using writing and digital resources, to examine a topic and convey ideas a...
- C.4.2.d
Use grade-appropriate conjunctions to connect sentences and paragraphs.
- C.4.2.e
Use grade-appropriate transitions to develop text structure in sentences and paragraphs.
- C.4.2.g
Provide a concluding section.
- C.4.2.h
With guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing...
- C.4.3
Compose narratives, using writing and digital resources, to develop real or imagined experiences or multiple events or i...
- C.4.3.b
Orient the reader by establishing a situation and introducing a narrator and/or characters; organize an event sequence t...
- C.4.3.d
Use a variety of conjunctions and transitional words and phrases to manage the sequence of events.
- C.4.3.f
Provide a conclusion that follows the narrated experiences or events.
- C.4.3.g
With guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing...
- C.4.4
With some guidance and support from adults, use digital resources to create and publish products as well as to interact ...
- C.4.6
Summarize relevant information from experiences or gather relevant information from various print and digital sources; t...
- C.4.7
Compose routinely over extended time frames and shorter time frames for a variety of tasks, purposes and audiences.
- L.4.1
When writing or speaking, demonstrate command of the conventions of General American English grammar and usage.
- L.4.1.b
Use the progressive verb tenses.
- L.4.1.e
Use prepositional phrases.
- L.4.2
When writing:
- L.4.2.d
Consult reference materials as needed to check and correct spellings.
- L.4.3.c
Differentiate between academic and non-academic discourse patterns based on context.
- L.4.4.b
Use common affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word.
- L.4.4.d
Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, including those tha...
- RF.4.1
No Print Concepts Standard for grade 4.
- RF.4.2
No Phonological Awareness standard for grade 4.
- RF.4.3
Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding and encoding words.
- RF.4.3.a
Use combined knowledge of all phoneme-grapheme correspondences, syllabication patterns and morphology to accurately deco...
- RF.4.4
Read fluently (accuracy, speed and prosody) on grade-level text to support comprehension.
- RF.4.4.b
Fluently read grade-level prose and poetry orally on successive readings.
- RI.4.10
Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to unders...
- RI.4.2
Analyze how the central ideas are reflected in a text, and cite relevant implicit and explicit evidence from the text.
- RI.4.3
Explain the individuals, events, procedures, ideas or concepts in a historical, scientific or technical text, including ...
- RI.4.4
Determine the meaning of general academic and domain-specific words or phrases in a grade-level text, and describe and e...
- RI.4.6
Compare and contrast a firsthand and secondhand account of the same event or topic.
- RI.4.7
Interpret information presented in print and non-print formats and explain how the information contributes to an underst...
- RI.4.8
Explain how an author uses reasons and evidence to support particular claims the author makes in a text.
- RI.4.9
Integrate information from two or more texts on the same theme or topic.
- RL.4.10
Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to unders...
- RL.4.2
Analyze how the theme is reflected in a text, and cite relevant implicit and explicit evidence from the text, including ...
- RL.4.3
Describe in depth a character's thoughts, words and/or actions, the setting or event(s) in a story or drama, drawing on ...
- RL.4.4
Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including but not limited to figurative language ...
- RL.4.5
Analyze the structure the author uses in a story, poem or drama, considering how the parts of the text contribute to the...
- RL.4.6
Compare and contrast the point of view of first and third person narrators and the effect they have on the reader.
- RL.4.7
Make connections between the text of a story or drama and a visual or oral presentation, including making connections wi...
- RL.4.9
Compare and contrast themes, topics and patterns of events in stories, myths and traditional literature from different c...
Grade 5
- C.5.1
Compose opinion pieces, using writing and digital resources, on topics or texts, supporting the writer's perspective wit...
- C.5.1.d
Use grade-appropriate transitions to connect sentences and paragraphs.
- C.5.1.e
Provide a concluding section.
- C.5.2
Compose informative and/or explanatory texts, using writing and digital resources, to examine a topic and convey ideas a...
- C.5.2.d
Use grade-appropriate conjunctions to develop text structure within sentences.
- C.5.2.e
Use grade-appropriate transitions to develop text structure in sentences and paragraphs.
- C.5.2.g
Provide a concluding section.
- C.5.3
Compose narratives, using writing and digital resources, to develop real or imagined experiences or multiple events or i...
- C.5.3.b
Orient the reader by establishing a situation and introducing a narrator and/or characters; organize an event sequence t...
- C.5.3.d
Use a variety of conjunctions and transitional words, phrases and clauses to manage the sequence of events.
- C.5.4
With limited guidance and support from adults, use digital resources to create and publish products as well as to intera...
- C.5.6
Summarize relevant information from experiences, or gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources;...
- C.5.7
Compose routinely over extended time frames and shorter time frames for a variety of tasks, purposes and audiences.
- L.5.1
When writing or speaking, demonstrate command of the conventions of General American English grammar and usage.
- L.5.1.a
Explain the function of conjunctions, prepositions and interjections in a grade-level text.
- L.5.1.b
Use the perfect verb tenses.
- L.5.1.d
Produce complete sentences, recognizing and correcting inappropriate shifts in verb tense.
- L.5.2
When writing:
- L.5.2.e
Use strategies and resources (print and electronic) to identify and correct spelling errors.
- L.5.4.b
Use common affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word.
- L.5.5.c
Demonstrate understanding of words by relating them to their synonyms and antonyms.
- RF.5.1
No Print Concepts standard for grade 5.
- RF.5.2
No Phonological Awareness standard for grade 5.
- RF.5.3
Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding and encoding words.
- RF.5.3.a
Use combined knowledge of all phoneme-grapheme correspondences, syllabication patterns and morphology to accurately deco...
- RF.5.4
Read fluently (accuracy, speed and prosody) on grade-level texts to support comprehension.
- RF.5.4.b
Fluently read grade-level prose and poetry orally on successive readings.
- RI.5.10
Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to unders...
- RI.5.2
Analyze how the central ideas are reflected in a text, and cite relevant implicit and explicit evidence to support think...
- RI.5.3
Explain the relationships or interactions between individuals, events, ideas or concepts in a historical, scientific or ...
- RI.5.4
Determine the meaning of general academic and domain-specific words or phrases in a grade-level text, and analyze how th...
- RI.5.7
Analyze information from multiple print and non-print formats, demonstrating the ability to locate an answer to a questi...
- RI.5.8
Explain how an author uses reasons and evidence to support particular claims in a text, identifying which reasons and ev...
- RI.5.9
Integrate information from several texts on the same theme or topic.
- RL.5.10
Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to unders...
- RL.5.2
Analyze how the theme is reflected in the text, including but not limited to poems, stories and dramas, and cite relevan...
- RL.5.3
Compare and contrast characters, settings or events in a story or drama, using specific details to analyze their interac...
- RL.5.4
Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings, an...
- RL.5.5
Compare and contrast the overall structure of events, ideas, concepts or information in two or more literary texts (e.g....
- RL.5.7
Analyze how visual and multimedia elements contribute to the meaning or tone of non-print texts.
Grade 6
- C.6.1
Compose arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence.
- C.6.1.b
Introduce claim(s), acknowledge opposing claims and organize the reasons and evidence clearly.
- C.6.1.g
With some guidance, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new a...
- C.6.2.b
Introduce a topic, previewing what is to follow; organize ideas, concepts and information, using strategies such as defi...
- C.6.2.h
With some guidance, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new a...
- C.6.3
Compose narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or multiple events, memories or ideas, using effective techni...
- C.6.3.b
Engage the reader by establishing a context and introducing a narrator and/or characters; organize an event sequence tha...
- C.6.3.d
Use a variety of transition words to convey sequence and signal shifts from one time frame or setting to another.
- C.6.3.g
With guidance, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approa...
- C.6.4
Use digital resources to create and publish products as well as to interact and collaborate with others; cite sources us...
- C.6.5
Conduct short research projects to answer a question, drawing on several sources.
- C.6.6
Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources; assess the credibility of each source; and, in orde...
- C.6.7
Compose routinely over extended time frames and shorter time frames for a variety of tasks, purposes and audiences.
- L.6.1
In both written and oral expression:
- L.6.1.a
Recognize vague pronouns and correct pronoun errors, including but not limited to subjective, objective, possessive and ...
- L.6.1.c
Recognize variations from General American English and implement strategies to improve expression in academic language.
- L.6.2
When writing:
- L.6.2.b
Demonstrate appropriate use of strategies to identify and correct spelling errors.
- L.6.4.b
Use Greek and Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word.
- L.6.4.c
Consult print and digital reference materials to find the pronunciation and determine or clarify the precise meaning of ...
- RI.6.10
Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to unders...
- RI.6.2
Analyze how the central ideas are reflected in a text by citing particular details and/or providing an objective summary...
- RI.6.3
Analyze in detail how an author develops a key individual, event or idea over the course of a text.
- RI.6.4
Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative and technical m...
- RI.6.6
Determine an author's perspective and purpose in a text, and explain how it is conveyed in a text.
- RI.6.7
Integrate information presented in print and non-print formats to develop a coherent understanding of a topic or issue.
- RI.6.8
Identify and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, distinguishing claims that are supported by reasons an...
- RI.6.9
Compare and contrast how two or more authors present similar events.
- RL.6.10
Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to unders...
- RL.6.2
Analyze how the text reflects the theme by citing textual evidence, using direct quoting and summarizing.
- RL.6.5
Analyze how a particular sentence, paragraph, chapter, scene or stanza fits into the overall structure of the text.
- RL.6.6
Explain how an author develops the perspective of the narrator or speaker in a text.
- RL.6.7
Compare and contrast reading a print text and viewing its visual/oral presentation.
Grade 7
- C.7.1
Compose arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence.
- C.7.1.b
Introduce claim(s), acknowledge opposing claims and counter/refute them and organize the reasons and evidence logically.
- C.7.1.d
Use transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among claims.
- C.7.1.e
Establish and maintain a task appropriate writing style.
- C.7.1.f
Provide a concluding statement or section that supports the argument presented.
- C.7.1.g
With some guidance, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new a...
- C.7.2.b
Introduce a topic clearly; organize ideas, concepts and information, using strategies such as definition, classification...
- C.7.2.h
With some guidance, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new a...
- C.7.3
Compose narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or multiple events, memories or ideas using effective techniq...
- C.7.3.b
Engage the reader by establishing a context and point of view and introducing a narrator and/or characters; organize an ...
- C.7.3.d
Use a variety of transition words to convey sequence and signal shifts from one time frame or setting to another.
- C.7.3.e
Use precise words, relevant descriptive details, and sensory language to capture the action and convey experiences and e...
- C.7.3.g
With guidance, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approa...
- C.7.4
Use digital resources to create and publish products as well as to interact and collaborate with others; cite sources us...
- C.7.6
Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, using search terms effectively; assess the credibil...
- C.7.7
Compose routinely over extended time frames and shorter time frames for a variety of tasks, purposes and audiences.
- L.7.1
In both written and oral expression:
- L.7.1.a
Create sentences using correctly placed clauses and phrases.
- L.7.2
When writing:
- L.7.2.b
Demonstrate appropriate use of strategies and resources (print and electronic) to identify and correct spelling errors.
- L.7.4.b
Use Greek and Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word.
- L.7.4.c
Consult print and digital reference materials to find the pronunciation and determine or clarify the precise meaning of ...
- L.7.5.b
Use the relationship between particular words to improve understanding.
- RI.7.10
Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to unders...
- RI.7.2
Determine central ideas of a text and analyze their development through citing textual evidence, paraphrasing or summari...
- RI.7.3
Analyze the interactions between individuals, events and ideas over the course of a text.
- RI.7.4
Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative and technical m...
- RI.7.5
Analyze the structure an author uses to organize a text, including how the different sections contribute to the whole an...
- RI.7.6
Determine an author's perspective and purpose in a text, and analyze how the author distinguishes his or her position fr...
- RI.7.7
Compare and contrast a print to a non-print version of a text, analyzing each media's portrayal of the subject and its i...
- RI.7.8
Identify and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is sound and the evide...
- RL.7.10
Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to unders...
- RL.7.2
Determine themes of a text and analyze their development through citing textual evidence, paraphrasing or summarizing.
- RL.7.3
Analyze how particular elements of a story or drama influence one another.
- RL.7.4
Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings; an...
- RL.7.5
Analyze how the form or structure of a drama, poem or prose text contributes to its meaning.
- RL.7.6
Analyze how an author develops and contrasts the perspective of different characters or narrators in a text.
- RL.7.7
Compare and contrast reading a print text and viewing its visual/oral presentation, analyzing the effects of techniques ...
- RL.7.9
Compare and contrast a fictional portrayal and a historical account of the same period as a means to understand how auth...
Grade 8
- C.8.1.b
Introduce claim(s), acknowledge and distinguish opposing claim(s) and counter/refute them, and organize the reasons and ...
- C.8.1.d
Use transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons and evidence.
- C.8.1.e
Establish and maintain a task appropriate writing style.
- C.8.1.f
Provide a concluding statement or section that supports the argument presented.
- C.8.1.g
With some guidance, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new a...
- C.8.2.b
Introduce a topic clearly; organize ideas, concepts and information into broader categories; include formatting, graphic...
- C.8.2.h
With some guidance, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new a...
- C.8.3
Use narratives strategically in other modes of writing, utilizing effective technique, well-chosen details and well-stru...
- C.8.3.b
Engage the reader by setting out a problem, situation or observation, establishing a point of view and introducing a nar...
- C.8.3.d
Use a variety of transitions to convey sequence, signal shifts from one time frame or setting to another and show the re...
- C.8.3.f
Provide a conclusion that connects the narrative's relevance to the intended purpose of the writing.
- C.8.3.g
With guidance, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approa...
- C.8.4
Use digital resources to create and publish products as well as to interact and collaborate with others; cite sources us...
- C.8.5
Conduct short research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question), drawing on several sources a...
- C.8.6
Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, using search terms effectively; assess the credibil...
- C.8.7
Compose routinely over extended time frames and shorter time frames for a variety of tasks, purposes and audiences.
- L.8.1
In both written and oral expression:
- L.8.1.a
Identify verbals correctly based on their intended function.
- L.8.1.c
Demonstrate appropriate use of verbs in the indicative, imperative, interrogative, conditional and subjunctive mood, whi...
- L.8.2
When writing:
- L.8.2.c
Demonstrate appropriate use of strategies and resources (print and electronic) to identify and correct spelling errors.
- L.8.4.b
Use Greek and Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word.
- L.8.4.c
Consult print and digital reference materials to find the pronunciation and determine or clarify the precise meaning of ...
- L.8.5.a
Interpret figurative language, including but not limited to irony, in context.
- RI.8.1
Cite relevant textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the...
- RI.8.10
Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to unders...
- RI.8.2
Determine central ideas of a text, and analyze how they are developed through relationships of key details, citing textu...
- RI.8.3
Analyze how an author uses comparisons, analogies or categories to make connections among and distinctions between ideas...
- RI.8.4
Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative and technical m...
- RI.8.6
Determine an author's perspective and purpose in a text, and analyze how the author acknowledges and responds to conflic...
- RI.8.7
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using print and non-print formats for presenting particular topics or ideas...
- RI.8.8
Identify and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is sound and the evide...
- RL.8.1
Cite relevant textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the...
- RL.8.10
Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to unders...
- RL.8.2
Determine themes of a text, and analyze how they are developed through relationships of characters, setting and plot, ci...
- RL.8.6
Analyze characters' and readers' perspectives and how the differences create effects, including but not limited to suspe...
High School
- C.11-12.1.e
Establish and maintain a task appropriate writing style.
- C.11-12.2
Compose informative/explanatory texts to examine and/or convey complex ideas, concepts and information clearly and accur...
- C.11-12.3
Use narratives strategically in other modes of writing utilizing effective technique, well-chosen details and well-struc...
- C.11-12.3.f
Provide a conclusion that explicitly connects the narrative’s relevance to the intended purpose of the writing.
- C.11-12.4
Use digital resources to create, publish and update individual or shared products, taking advantage of technology's capa...
- C.9-10.1
Compose arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant an...
- C.9-10.1.d
Link the major sections of the text cohesively, and clarify the relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons and...
- C.9-10.1.e
Establish and maintain a task appropriate writing style.
- C.9-10.1.f
Provide a concluding statement or section that follows and supports the argument presented.
- C.9-10.2.a
Produce writing in which the development and organization are appropriate to task and purpose.
- C.9-10.3
Use narratives strategically in other modes of writing, utilizing effective technique, well-chosen details and well-stru...
- C.9-10.3.a
Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to task and purpose.
- C.9-10.3.e
Use precise words and phrases, telling details
- C.9-10.3.f
sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting and/or characters.
- C.9-10.3.g
Provide a conclusion that explicitly connects the narrative’s relevance to the intended purpose of the writing.
- C.9-10.4
Use digital resources to create, publish and update individual or shared products, taking advantage of technology's capa...
- L.11-12.1
In both written and oral expression:
- L.11-12.1.a
Demonstrate the understanding that usage is a matter of convention, can change over time and may be contested.
- L.11-12.2
When writing:
- L.11-12.3.a
Apply an understanding of syntax to the study of complex texts when reading.
- L.11-12.3.b
Vary syntax for effect in writing and speaking, consulting references for guidance as needed.
- L.11-12.4.c
Consult general and specialized reference materials to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its prec...
- L.11-12.4.d
Acquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, spea...
- L.9-10.1
In both written and oral expression:
- L.9-10.1.b
Demonstrate task-appropriate use of phrases and clauses to communicate purpose, develop structure and add variety.
- L.9-10.2
When writing:
- L.9-10.2.a
Demonstrate appropriate use of a semicolon with and without a conjunctive adverb to link two or more closely related ind...
- L.9-10.2.c
Demonstrate appropriate use of strategies and resources (print and electronic) to identify and correct spelling errors.
- L.9-10.4.c
Consult general and specialized reference materials to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its prec...
- L.9-10.4.d
Acquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, spea...
- L.9-10.5.a
Interpret figures of speech in context, including but not limited to euphemism and oxymoron, and analyze their rhetorica...
- RI.11-12.1
Cite relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences d...
- RI.11-12.10
Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to unders...
- RI.11-12.2
Determine two or more central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how t...
- RI.11-12.5
Analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the structure an author uses in his or her exposition or argument.
- RI.11-12.6
Determine an author's point of view, perspective and purpose in a text in which the rhetoric is particularly effective, ...
- RI.11-12.7
Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in different print and non-print formats in order to ad...
- RI.11-12.8
Evaluate the argument, specific claims and evidence in a text, assessing the validity, reasoning, relevance and sufficie...
- RI.11-12.9
Analyze documents of historical and literary significance, including how they address related themes and concepts.
- RI.9-10.1
Cite relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences d...
- RI.9-10.10
Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to unders...
- RI.9-10.2
Determine central ideas of a text and analyze in detail their development over the course of a text, including how they ...
- RI.9-10.6
Determine an author’s point of view, perspective and purpose in a text, and analyze how an author uses rhetoric to advan...
- RI.9-10.7
Analyze various accounts of a subject presented in different print and non-print formats, determining which details are ...
- RI.9-10.8
Evaluate the argument, specific claims and evidence in a text, assessing the validity, reasoning, relevancy and sufficie...
- RI.9-10.9
Analyze documents of historical and literary significance, including how they address related themes and concepts.
- RL.11-12.1
Cite relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences d...
- RL.11-12.10
Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to unders...
- RL.11-12.2
Determine two or more themes or central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, inclu...
- RL.11-12.3
Analyze the impact of the author's choices over the course of a text regarding how to develop and relate elements of a s...
- RL.11-12.4
Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings; ...
- RL.11-12.6
Analyze how point of view and perspective are used to manipulate the reader for a specific purpose or effect, including ...
- RL.11-12.7
Analyze diverse media interpretations of a story, drama or poem, evaluating how each version interprets the source text.
- RL.11-12.9
Demonstrate knowledge of various time periods to analyze how two or more texts from the same period treat similar themes...
- RL.9-10.1
Cite relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences d...
- RL.9-10.10
Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to unders...
- RL.9-10.2
Determine a theme or central idea of a text, and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, includin...
- RL.9-10.5
Analyze how an author’s choices concerning text structure, order of details, sequence and manipulation of time (e.g., fl...
- RL.9-10.6
Analyze how authors’ perspectives or cultural experiences are reflected in works of world literature from various histor...
- RL.9-10.7
Analyze the impact of the representation of a subject or a key scene in different print and non-print mediums and evalua...
- RL.9-10.9
Analyze two or more texts from different time periods to evaluate the impact of authors' approaches to similar themes or...