Kentucky Reading and Writing RI.11-12.1
The Standard
Cite relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
Kentucky Academic Standards for Reading and Writing (2025) · Key Ideas and Details
Teacher's field guide
What This Standard Means
What Students Need to Do
- Students identify what an informational text says directly and what it suggests. They choose relevant passages for both kinds of claims and explain how the passages support their reading.
What Mastery Looks Like
- A student can cite a line that states a point directly, then support a separate inference with more than one relevant detail. They explain how each detail supports the inference without stretching the text.
Common Misconceptions
- Students may treat a reasonable guess as an inference even when the text does not support it. They may copy a long paragraph instead of selecting the relevant lines, or assume one quote proves every part of a claim.
How to Assess It
- For an article students just read, ask: "Name one point the author states directly and one conclusion you infer. Cite a line for the stated point and two details for the inference, then explain your choices."
Lesson moves
Ways to Teach It
Give pairs a printed article and two highlighters; mark direct statements blue and inference clues yellow, then add a sticky note explaining one inference.
After a school start time editorial, ask: "What benefit does the author state, and what concern can you infer?" Cite lines for both.
Play Evidence Match: give groups claim cards and sentence cards from an article; they pair each claim with two strong quotes and defend their picks.
Show a local job posting; have students identify one stated requirement and infer an unstated priority from two phrases in the posting.
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Printable RI.11-12.1 Worksheet
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Related Standards
- RL.9-10.1
Cite relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
- RL.11-12.1
Cite relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
- RI.9-10.1
The Grades 9–10 version of this standard.
- RI.8.1
Cite relevant textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
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