Kentucky Reading and Writing L.2.2.c
The Standard
- L.2.2
- When writing:
Use apostrophe to form contractions and possessives.
Kentucky Academic Standards for Reading and Writing (2025) · Conventions of General American English
Teacher's field guide
What This Standard Means
What Students Need to Do
- Students use apostrophes to shorten two words, as in do not becoming don't. They also use apostrophes to show that something belongs to someone or something, as in the dog's bowl.
What Mastery Looks Like
- A student writes don't for do not and the dog's bowl for the bowl of the dog. They place each apostrophe correctly and explain what it shows.
Common Misconceptions
- Students may leave out the apostrophe in dont. They may write dog's when they mean more than one dog, or write dogs bowl when they mean one dog's bowl.
How to Assess It
- Ask students: “Rewrite ‘do not’ and ‘the bowl of the dog’ using apostrophes. Label each answer contraction or possessive.”
Lesson moves
Ways to Teach It
Give pairs word cards for do, not, and a paper apostrophe; have them remove the o and build don't.
Write dogs, dog's, and dogs' on the board; ask which means one dog owns something and how students know.
Play a two-minute sorting game with cards that read can't, cat's, isn't, and Sam's; sort contractions from possessives.
Have students label two classroom objects with ownership phrases, such as Ava's pencil and Mr. Lee's desk.
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Printable L.2.2.c Worksheet
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