CCSS.Math.Content.3.OA.C.7
The standard
Fluently multiply and divide within 100, using strategies such as the relationship between multiplication and division (e.g., knowing that 8 × 5 = 40, one knows 40 ÷ 5 = 8) or properties of operations. By the end of Grade 3, know from memory all products of two one-digit numbers.
Common Core State Standards for Mathematics · Operations and Algebraic Thinking
What this standard means
Students need to know multiplication facts with one-digit factors and use those facts to solve related division facts within 100. They should connect facts in families, use arrays, equal groups, skip counting, and properties like the commutative and distributive properties when a fact is not automatic yet.
Mastery looks like quick, accurate recall plus flexible thinking. A student can say 6 × 8 = 48, so 48 ÷ 6 = 8 and 48 ÷ 8 = 6. Students often get stuck treating division as separate from multiplication, mixing up factor pairs, or relying on slow counting for every fact.
Ways to teach it
- Hands-on: Give students square tiles to build arrays for one fact family, then record two multiplication and two division equations.
- Prompt: Explain how knowing 7 × 6 helps you solve 42 ÷ 7, using words, numbers, or a drawing.
- Quick assessment: Show ten mixed multiplication and division facts within 100 and mark which facts are automatic, strategic, or unknown.
- Real-world connection: Use equal snack bags, such as 36 crackers in 6 bags, to write the matching multiplication and division facts.
Plan a lesson for CCSS.Math.Content.3.OA.C.7
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Related standards
- CCSS.Math.Content.2.NBT.B.5
Fluently add and subtract within 100 using strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction.
- CCSS.Math.Content.6.NS.B.3
Fluently add, subtract, multiply, and divide multi-digit decimals using the standard algorithm for each operation.
- CCSS.Math.Content.2.OA.B.2
Fluently add and subtract within 20 using mental strategies. By end of Grade 2, know from memory all sums of two one-digit numbers.
- CCSS.Math.Content.3.NBT.A.2
Fluently add and subtract within 1000 using strategies and algorithms based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition a...