NGSS HS-LS1-1
The Standard
Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells.
Next Generation Science Standards
Teacher's field guide
What This Standard Means
What Students Need to Do
- Students trace how the order of DNA bases sets the order of amino acids, which affects how a protein folds and works. They use evidence to connect protein function with specialized cell jobs.
What Mastery Looks Like
- Given sequence data or models, students explain how DNA information affects amino acid order, protein shape, and protein activity. They use evidence to connect protein activity to the work of specialized cells.
Common Misconceptions
- Students may think DNA directly turns into protein or that one DNA base always controls one trait. They may also think specialized cells contain different DNA, rather than mostly sharing DNA and using different genes.
How to Assess It
- Exit ticket: Evidence shows a DNA change, a changed amino acid chain, and reduced protein activity. Explain the links and predict one effect on cell function.
Lesson moves
Ways to Teach It
Build a paper-chain model linking DNA base cards to amino acid beads, then change one base and compare the resulting chains.
Write a claim explaining why two specialized cells with the same DNA can make different proteins, using two provided evidence cards.
Play a sequence relay where teams match DNA strips, amino acid chains, protein shapes, and cell effects in cause-and-effect order.
Use a sickle cell case card to trace how one DNA change can alter a protein and red blood cell behavior.
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Printable HS-LS1-1 Worksheet
A ready-to-print activity worksheet aligned to HS-LS1-1, with an answer key for the teacher on its own page. No account needed.
PDF, US Letter, prints cleanly in black and white.
Download the worksheetBefore This Standard
If students are struggling here, check these first.
- MS-LS1-1
Cell theory and specialized cell types prepare students to explain how DNA-coded proteins support functions in specialized cells.
- MS-LS1-2
Understanding cells as systems with parts supporting functions prepares students to connect DNA-coded proteins to specialized cell functions.
- MS-LS1-3
Understanding specialized cells and body systems helps students connect DNA coded proteins to cell functions in living organisms.
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