NGSS HS-ETS1-1

ScienceGrades 9–12Engineering Design

The Standard

Analyze a major global challenge to specify qualitative and quantitative criteria and constraints for solutions that account for societal needs and wants.

Next Generation Science Standards

Teacher's field guide

What This Standard Means

What Students Need to Do

Students investigate a large-scale problem and identify who is affected. They turn stakeholder needs into clear success measures and limits, using both descriptive goals and numerical targets.

What Mastery Looks Like

Given a problem such as clean water access, students can set measurable targets for cost, capacity, safety, and environmental impact. They can explain how each target reflects stakeholder needs and identify likely tradeoffs.

Common Misconceptions

Students often confuse criteria, which describe success, with constraints, which set limits. They may write vague terms such as “affordable” instead of a cost limit, or ignore conflicts among stakeholder needs.

How to Assess It

Exit ticket: A drought-prone city needs drinking water for 100,000 residents within a $20 million budget. Write two measurable criteria, two constraints, and one stakeholder need each addresses.

Lesson moves

Ways to Teach It

  1. Give groups stakeholder cards and data sheets about plastic waste, then have them write three measurable criteria and three constraints on chart paper.

  2. Ask students to write which should take priority in disaster housing: low cost, fast construction, durability, or cultural fit, and defend their choice.

  3. Run a card sort where students classify statements as criteria, constraints, stakeholder needs, or proposed solutions, then revise any vague statements.

  4. Use local heat data and city maps to set criteria and constraints for reducing heat exposure at bus stops.

Keep exploring

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