HS-ETS1-4

ScienceGrades 9–12Engineering Design

The standard

Use a computer simulation to model the impact of proposed solutions to a complex real-world problem with numerous criteria and constraints on interactions within and between systems relevant to the problem.

Next Generation Science Standards

What this standard means

Students need to use a computer model to test possible solutions to a messy real problem. They should change variables, compare outcomes, and explain how one choice affects other parts of the system. The focus is not just making a model. It is using the model to make a better design decision.

Mastery looks like a student running several trials, using data from the simulation, and explaining tradeoffs between cost, safety, performance, and limits. Students often get stuck treating the simulation like a video game, changing too many variables at once, or ignoring side effects on connected systems.

Ways to teach it

  • Have students use a flood management simulator to compare levees, wetlands, and evacuation routes under different storm conditions.
  • Ask students to write: Which solution worked best in the model, and what tradeoff would worry you most in real life?
  • Give a three-question exit ticket asking students to name the variable changed, the outcome measured, and one system interaction observed.
  • Connect to city planning by examining how traffic light timing changes can affect commute time, fuel use, and emergency vehicle access.

Plan a lesson for HS-ETS1-4

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Related standards

  • HS-LS4-6

    Create or revise a simulation to test a solution to mitigate adverse impacts of human activity on biodiversity.

  • HS-ETS1-2

    Design a solution to a complex real-world problem by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable problems that can be solved through engineering.

  • 3-5-ETS1-2

    Generate and compare multiple possible solutions to a problem based on how well each is likely to meet the criteria and constraints of the problem.

  • HS-ETS1-3

    Evaluate a solution to a complex real-world problem based on prioritized criteria and trade-offs that account for a range of constraints, including cost, safety...

Standard text verified against nextgenscience.org on July 10, 2026.

Page updated July 10, 2026.

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