Virginia SOL 2.13

2.13 is a Standards of Learning history and social science standard. These are the skills expectations under it.

• 2.13.a

  identifying natural resources (e.g., water, soil, wood, coal), human resources (i.e., people at work), and capital resources (e.g., machines, tools, computers, ...

• 2.13.b

  distinguishing between needs and wants

• 2.13.c

  distinguishing between the use of barter and the use of money in the exchange for goods and services and describing how money makes trading easier than barter

• 2.13.d

  explaining that scarcity (having limited resources) requires people to make choices about producing and consuming goods and services.

01

What Students Need to Do

Students sort examples into natural, human, and capital resources and tell how each helps produce a good or service. They separate needs from wants and compare barter with paying money. They also explain how limited time, money, or materials force choices about what to make or buy.

02

What Mastery Looks Like

A student correctly classifies familiar examples, such as soil, a cashier, and a cash register, and explains each choice. Given a trade, the student tells why money is easier to use than finding a matching barter partner. In a limited-budget scenario, the student chooses one option and names what must be given up.

03

Common Misconceptions

Students may call every object a natural resource, even when people changed it into a tool. They may label any desired item as a need, or think barter means buying with money. They may think scarcity means nothing is available, rather than not enough for every possible use.

04

How to Assess It

Exit ticket: Label a tree, a carpenter, and a hammer as natural, human, or capital resources. Circle the need, bread or a toy, then explain why money helps trading and choose one of two $5 items when you have only $5.

1. 01

   Set out picture cards of water, lumber, workers, tools, computers, and buildings, then have students sort and defend each placement.

2. 02

   Ask, “You have $6 for lunch or a small toy. Which is a need, which is a want, and why?”

3. 03

   Run a barter game with mismatched item cards, then repeat with play coins and compare how quickly trades happen.

4. 04

   Study a local bakery photo and identify its ingredients, workers, equipment, customer needs, and choices when flour is limited.

• 3.10

  The student will apply history and social science skills to explain basic economic principles by

• 1.8

  The student will apply history and social science skills to explain how individuals make economic choices to meet their basic needs by

• K.8

  The student will apply history and social science skills to demonstrate an understanding of primary economic principles by

• CE.11

  The student will apply history and social science skills to analyze how economic decisions are made in the marketplace and in daily life by