CCSS.Math.Content.3.OA.A.3
The standard
Use multiplication and division within 100 to solve word problems in situations involving equal groups, arrays, and measurement quantities, e.g., by using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
Common Core State Standards for Mathematics · Operations and Algebraic Thinking
What this standard means
Students need to read a story problem, figure out whether it is about equal groups, an array, or a measurement amount, then choose multiplication or division to solve it. They should show their thinking with a drawing, tape diagram, array, or equation using a blank, box, or letter for the unknown.
Mastery looks like matching the action in the problem to the operation, not just grabbing numbers. Students can explain what each number means and check if the answer makes sense. Common trouble spots are mixing up number of groups and size of groups, treating every problem as multiplication, and writing equations that do not match the story.
Ways to teach it
- Give pairs counters and problem cards, then have them build equal groups or arrays before writing a matching equation.
- Ask students to write two different word problems for 6 × 4, one about groups and one about an array.
- Show one word problem and three equations, then have students pick the match and explain their choice on a sticky note.
- Use a classroom seating chart or snack packs to ask how many seats or items there are, then write the equation together.
Plan a lesson for CCSS.Math.Content.3.OA.A.3
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