Virginia SOL 5.PFA.1

5.PFA.1 is a Standards of Learning standard. These are the knowledge and skills expectations under it.

• 5.PFA.1.a

  Identify, describe, extend, and create increasing and decreasing patterns using various representations (e.g., objects, pictures, numbers, number lines, input/o...

• 5.PFA.1.b

  Analyze an increasing or decreasing single-operation numerical pattern found in lists, input/output tables, and function machines, and generalize the change to ...

• 5.PFA.1.c

  Solve contextual problems that involve identifying, describing, and extending increasing and decreasing patterns using single-operation input and output rules (...

01

What Students Need to Do

Students find the single operation that changes one value into the next or maps each input to its output. They use that rule to describe, extend, complete, and create increasing or decreasing patterns with whole numbers, fractions, and decimals.

02

What Mastery Looks Like

A student can state a rule such as subtract 0.25 or multiply by 3, then use it accurately in a list, table, or function machine. The student can find missing terms and explain how the pattern fits a word problem.

03

Common Misconceptions

Students often apply an input/output rule to the previous output instead of to each input. They may think increasing always means addition and decreasing always means subtraction, overlooking multiplication and division. They may also misalign decimal places or add fraction denominators.

04

How to Assess It

Exit ticket: A table pairs inputs 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 with outputs 0.65, 0.90, 1.15, and blank. Students name the rule, fill the blank, and explain how they know.

1. 01

   Use fraction strips to build 1/6, 2/6, 3/6, and 4/6, then hide one strip and have partners identify the missing term.

2. 02

   Show a number list and matching input/output table, then ask students to write how the same rule appears in both.

3. 03

   Play Rule Detective with cards showing patterns; teams earn a point for naming the operation, filling two terms, and checking both.

4. 04

   Track a game score rising by 25 points each round, then predict totals and create a table for eight rounds.

• 4.PFA.1

  The student will identify, describe, extend, and create increasing and decreasing patterns (limited to addition, subtraction, and multiplication of whole number...

• 2.PFA.1

  The student will describe, extend, create, and transfer repeating and increasing patterns (limited to addition of whole numbers) using various representations.

• 1.PFA.1

  The student will identify, describe, extend, create, and transfer repeating patterns and increasing patterns using various representations.

• 3.PFA.1

  The student will identify, describe, extend, and create increasing and decreasing patterns (limited to addition and subtraction of whole numbers), including tho...