Virginia SOL 5.PFA.1.c
The Standard
Solve contextual problems that involve identifying, describing, and extending increasing and decreasing patterns using single-operation input and output rules (limited to addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of whole numbers; addition and subtraction of fractions with like denominators of 12 or less; and addition and subtraction of decimals expressed in tenths or hundredths).
Virginia Standards of Learning for Mathematics · The student will identify, describe, extend, and create increasing and decreasing patterns with whole numbers, fractions, and decimals, including those in context, using various representations.
Teacher's field guide
What This Standard Means
What Students Need to Do
- Students use a story, table, or sequence to find the one-step operation connecting inputs and outputs. They describe the rule and use it to find missing or later values.
What Mastery Looks Like
- Given a story, table, or sequence, a student identifies the operation and states the rule clearly. The student finds missing values, extends the pattern, and labels answers to match the context.
Common Misconceptions
- Students may describe the change between outputs instead of the rule connecting each input to its output. They may reverse subtraction or division when the pattern decreases. Some add fraction denominators or fail to align decimal points.
How to Assess It
- Exit ticket: A game score drops 0.25 point each round: 4.00, 3.75, 3.50. Write the rule and the next two scores.
Lesson moves
Ways to Teach It
Use fraction strips to model a tray losing 1/4 each round, then record each input and output in a table.
Show a table where outputs triple and ask students to explain why multiplication fits better than repeated addition.
Play Rule Machine Relay with input cards, operation cards, and blank output cards for teams to complete and check.
Track a savings balance that increases by $2.50 weekly, then predict the balance after several weeks.
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Related Standards
- 4.CE.3.b
Estimate, represent, solve, and justify solutions to single-step contextual problems using addition and subtraction with fractions (proper or improper) and/or m...
- 2.CE.1.c
Represent, solve, and justify solutions to single-step and multistep contextual problems (e.g., join, separate, part-part-whole, comparison) involving addition ...
- 3.CE.1.e
Represent, solve, and justify solutions to single-step and multistep contextual problems involving addition and subtraction with whole numbers where addends and...
- 4.PFA.1.d
Solve contextual problems that involve identifying, describing, and extending increasing and decreasing patterns using single-operation input and output rules.
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