Virginia SOL 4.PFA.1

4.PFA.1 is a Standards of Learning standard. These are the knowledge and skills expectations under it.

• 4.PFA.1.a

  Identify, describe, extend, and create increasing and decreasing patterns using various representations (e.g., objects, pictures, numbers, number lines, input/o...

• 4.PFA.1.b

  Analyze an increasing or decreasing single-operation numerical pattern found in lists, input/output tables, or function machines and generalize the change to id...

• 4.PFA.1.c

  Given a rule, create increasing and decreasing patterns using numbers and input/output tables (including function machines).

• 4.PFA.1.d

  Solve contextual problems that involve identifying, describing, and extending increasing and decreasing patterns using single-operation input and output rules.

01

What Students Need to Do

Students determine how numbers change in a sequence or table. They use addition, subtraction, or multiplication rules to find missing terms and continue patterns. They also create patterns from a given rule and solve simple situations involving change.

02

What Mastery Looks Like

Students correctly name the operation and amount used in a pattern. They can find missing terms, extend the pattern, and create a matching list, table, picture, or function machine.

03

Common Misconceptions

Students may say a pattern “goes up” or “goes down” without naming the amount or operation. They may confuse a term-to-term change with an input/output rule. Some add repeatedly when the pattern is based on multiplication.

04

How to Assess It

Exit ticket: Inputs are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and outputs are 7, 14, __, 28, __. Fill the blanks, state the rule, and describe how the outputs change.

1. 01

   Build cube trains of 4, 8, 12, and 16 cubes, then mark the sequence on a number line and extend it.

2. 02

   Ask, “How do you know 45, 39, 33 follows a subtract 6 rule?” Students explain with words, equations, and a number line.

3. 03

   Give pairs a card sort matching number lists, input/output tables, function machines, and rules such as add 7 or multiply by 3.

4. 04

   Track 60 snack bags as 5 are handed out daily, then complete a day-by-day table and predict when 30 remain.

• 2.PFA.1

  The student will describe, extend, create, and transfer repeating and increasing patterns (limited to addition of whole numbers) using various representations.

• 5.PFA.1

  The student will identify, describe, extend, and create increasing and decreasing patterns with whole numbers, fractions, and decimals, including those in conte...

• 3.PFA.1

  The student will identify, describe, extend, and create increasing and decreasing patterns (limited to addition and subtraction of whole numbers), including tho...