Texas TEKS 2.3.A

Science2nd GradeScientific and engineering practices

The Standard

develop explanations and propose solutions supported by data and models

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Science

Teacher's field guide

What Students Need to Do: Students use observations, measurements, tables, drawings, or simple models to tell why something happened. They use that evidence to choose or improve a solution to a problem.
What Mastery Looks Like: A student makes a clear claim and points to a specific result or model feature as support. The student suggests a solution that fits the evidence and explains the choice.
Common Misconceptions: Students may give an opinion without naming evidence. They may list a result but not explain how it supports their claim. Some choose a design by appearance instead of test results.
How to Assess It: Show a chart of two paper bridges and how many pennies each held. Ask, “Which bridge worked better, what data proves it, and what change would you test next?”

Lesson moves

Build two paper bridges, test each with pennies, record the totals, and use the results to improve one bridge.
Ask, “Why did one bridge hold more pennies, and which test result supports your answer?”
Play Evidence Match: students pair claim cards with data tables or model pictures, then explain each match to a partner.
Compare classroom trash counts from two days, then have students propose one change that could reduce the largest category.

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