K.3.C
The Standard
explain the strategies used to solve problems involving adding and subtracting within 10 using spoken words, concrete and pictorial models, and number sentences
Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Mathematics
Teacher's field guide
What This Standard Means
What Students Need to Do
- Students solve addition and subtraction problems with totals up to 10. They explain their method aloud and show how objects, drawings, and equations represent the same thinking.
What Mastery Looks Like
- Students choose a sensible strategy, such as counting on, counting back, or making a model. They connect their objects or drawing to a correct equation and explain each step clearly.
Common Misconceptions
- Students may count all objects again instead of counting on, or add when the story calls for subtraction. They may draw a model that does not match their equation. Some can find an answer but cannot explain how their model shows it.
How to Assess It
- Give students the prompt, “There are 6 birds. 2 fly away. Show and solve the problem, then tell how you found the answer.” Check for a matching model, equation, answer, and spoken explanation.
Lesson moves
Ways to Teach It
Give pairs counters and ten-frames to solve 7 minus 3, then have each student point to the model while explaining the steps.
Show two different drawings for 5 plus 3 and ask, “How does each drawing show the same equation?”
Play Strategy Match by having students match story cards, picture cards, equations, and spoken strategy cards for problems within 10.
Set up a class snack problem with 8 crackers and 3 eaten, then model, write, and explain how many remain.
Keep exploring
Related Standards
- 1.3.D
apply basic fact strategies to add and subtract within 20, including making 10 and decomposing a number leading to a 10
- 1.3.E
explain strategies used to solve addition and subtraction problems up to 20 using spoken words, objects, pictorial models, and number sentences
- 1.5.D
represent word problems involving addition and subtraction of whole numbers up to 20 using concrete and pictorial models and number sentences
- 3.5.A
represent one- and two-step problems involving addition and subtraction of whole numbers to 1,000 using pictorial models, number lines, and equations
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