1.3.E
The Standard
explain strategies used to solve addition and subtraction problems up to 20 using spoken words, objects, pictorial models, and number sentences
Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Mathematics
Teacher's field guide
What This Standard Means
What Students Need to Do
- Students solve addition and subtraction problems within 20 and explain how they found each answer. They connect spoken explanations, objects, drawings, and number sentences.
What Mastery Looks Like
- Students solve problems within 20 accurately. They use counters, drawings, or number sentences and clearly explain strategies such as counting on, making ten, or breaking apart numbers.
Common Misconceptions
- Students may choose the wrong operation or make a drawing that does not match their number sentence. Some can find an answer but cannot name or explain their strategy.
How to Assess It
- Give the exit ticket: “Solve 13 − 5. Draw your strategy, write a number sentence, and explain how your drawing shows the answer.”
Lesson moves
Ways to Teach It
Have students solve 8 + 7 with counters, arrange them to make ten, then explain each move to a partner.
Ask, “How could you solve 14 − 6?” Students draw one method and write two sentences explaining their thinking.
Play Strategy Match with cards showing problems, drawings, number sentences, and strategy names that students group into matching sets.
Set up a pretend snack shop where students add purchases or subtract sold items, then explain each answer with objects and equations.
Keep exploring
Related Standards
- K.3.C
explain the strategies used to solve problems involving adding and subtracting within 10 using spoken words, concrete and pictorial models, and number sentences
- 1.3.D
apply basic fact strategies to add and subtract within 20, including making 10 and decomposing a number leading to a 10
- 1.5.D
represent word problems involving addition and subtraction of whole numbers up to 20 using concrete and pictorial models and number sentences
- 3.5.A
represent one- and two-step problems involving addition and subtraction of whole numbers to 1,000 using pictorial models, number lines, and equations
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