1.5.D
The Standard
represent word problems involving addition and subtraction of whole numbers up to 20 using concrete and pictorial models and number sentences
Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Mathematics
Teacher's field guide
What This Standard Means
What Students Need to Do
- Students act out or draw story situations with totals no greater than 20. They connect the model to an addition or subtraction equation and find the answer.
What Mastery Looks Like
- A student builds or draws an accurate model, then writes a matching equation with the correct operation. The student solves within 20 and explains what each number represents in the story.
Common Misconceptions
- Students may choose an operation from a single keyword instead of thinking about the action in the story. They may reverse the numbers in subtraction, miscount objects, or write an equation that does not match their model.
How to Assess It
- Give this exit ticket: “Mia has 13 crayons and gives away 5. Draw a model and write a matching number sentence.”
Lesson moves
Ways to Teach It
Give pairs counters and cups to act out stories about joining, separating, and finding how many remain, then record each with a drawing and equation.
Ask, “Ben had 8 apples and got 6 more. What happened, and how does your drawing show it?”
Play Model Match with cards showing story problems, ten-frame pictures, and equations, with students finding sets of three that represent the same situation.
Use a classroom snack count: start with 18 crackers, remove 7, then have students sketch the change and write the matching equation.
Keep exploring
Related Standards
- K.3.C
explain the strategies used to solve problems involving adding and subtracting within 10 using spoken words, concrete and pictorial models, and number sentences
- 1.3.E
explain strategies used to solve addition and subtraction problems up to 20 using spoken words, objects, pictorial models, and number sentences
- 3.5.A
represent one- and two-step problems involving addition and subtraction of whole numbers to 1,000 using pictorial models, number lines, and equations
- 1.3.F
generate and solve problem situations when given a number sentence involving addition or subtraction of numbers within 20
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