Wyoming Math 8.SP.4b
The Standard
Understand that patterns of association can also be seen in bivariate categorical data by displaying frequencies and relative frequencies in a two-way table. Use relative frequencies calculated for rows or columns to describe possible association between the two variables.
2023 Wyoming Mathematics Content and Performance Standards · Investigate patterns of association in bivariate data.
Teacher's field guide
What This Standard Means
What Students Need to Do
- Students organize counts for two categories in a two-way table. They calculate percentages within rows or columns and compare groups to look for a possible association.
What Mastery Looks Like
- Students use the correct row or column total to find each group's percentage. They use those percentages to describe a pattern without claiming that one category causes the other.
Common Misconceptions
- Students divide by the total number surveyed instead of a row or column total. They compare counts when groups are different sizes, or treat an association as proof of cause.
How to Assess It
- Exit ticket: Of 20 students who play sports, 15 bring water. Of 20 who do not, 5 bring water. Make a two-way table, find the water percentage in each group, and state whether the groups differ.
Lesson moves
Ways to Teach It
Sort 24 cards into a two-way table: 9 bus-water, 3 bus-juice, 3 walk-water, 9 walk-juice; compare row percentages.
Write which group carries water more often and whether cycling causes it, using 12 of 16 cyclists and 4 of 16 bus riders.
On mini whiteboards, compare water percentages for 8 of 10 walkers and 3 of 10 bus riders; partners check each other's work.
Poll the class on lunch source and drink choice, make a two-way table, and compare water percentages within packed-lunch and cafeteria groups.
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Related Standards
- 8.SP.4
Understand that patterns of association can also be seen in bivariate categorical data by displaying frequencies and relative frequencies in a two-way table.
- 8.SP.4a
Construct and interpret a two-way table summarizing data on two categorical variables collected from the same subjects.
- 7.SP.4
Given measures of center and variability (mean, median and/or mode; range, interquartile range, and/or standard deviation), for numerical data from random sampl...
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