HS-PS4-2

ScienceGrades 9–12Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer

The standard

Evaluate questions about the advantages of using a digital transmission and storage of information.

Next Generation Science Standards

What this standard means

Students need to compare digital ways of storing and sending information with older analog methods. They should ask testable and researchable questions about reliability, speed, copying, sharing, storage size, errors, privacy, deletion, and theft. They should use evidence, not just opinions.

Mastery looks like a student explaining tradeoffs with examples, such as a text message, cloud photo, flash drive, vinyl record, or paper file. Students often get stuck saying digital is simply “better.” Push them to name the condition. Better for what purpose, for whom, and what risks come with it?

Ways to teach it

  • Hands-on: Have students copy a short message by hand, by screenshot, and by shared document, then compare errors, time, and ease of sharing.
  • Prompt: Ask students to argue whether family photos are safer in a shoebox, on a phone, or in cloud storage, using three pieces of evidence.
  • Quick assessment: Give four scenarios, hospital records, concert tickets, music files, and secret passwords, and have students list one digital advantage and one risk for each.
  • Real-world connection: Analyze a recent data breach news article and identify what digital storage made easier and what it made more dangerous.

Plan a lesson for HS-PS4-2

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Related standards

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    Ask questions about data to determine the factors that affect the strength of electric and magnetic forces.

  • 1-PS4-4

    Use tools and materials to design and build a device that uses light or sound to solve the problem of communicating over a distance.

  • MS-PS4-3

    Integrate qualitative scientific and technical information to support the claim that digitized signals (sent as wave pulses) are a more reliable way to encode a...

  • HS-PS4-5

    Communicate technical information about how some technological devices use the principles of wave behavior and wave interactions with matter to transmit and cap...

Standard text verified against nextgenscience.org on July 10, 2026.

Page updated July 10, 2026.

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