Mississippi Science HAP.13.7

ScienceGrades 9–12Human Anatomy and Physiology

The Standard

HAP.13
Students will investigate the structures and functions of the digestive system, including the cause and effect of diseases and disorders.
Research and analyze the causes and effects of various pathological conditions (e.g., GERD/acid reflux, stomach ulcers, lactose intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome, gallstones, appendicitis, and hormonal imbalances and obesity).

2026 Mississippi College- and Career-Readiness Standards for Science · Digestive System

Teacher's field guide

What This Standard Means

What Students Need to Do

Students use reliable medical sources to investigate several digestive conditions. They explain what changes in the body, what may cause the change, and how it leads to symptoms.

What Mastery Looks Like

A student can explain how low lactase leads to symptoms after drinking milk and how acid reflux causes heartburn. They can compare those mechanisms, identify risk factors, and cite sources for their claims.

Common Misconceptions

Students may think spicy food causes ulcers, though H. pylori infection and certain pain medicines are common causes. They may also confuse lactose intolerance with a milk allergy or treat every stomachache as the same condition.

How to Assess It

Exit ticket: Explain why a person with low lactase may get gas after drinking milk, while a person with acid reflux may feel burning after a meal. Name the affected body part in each case.

Lesson moves

Ways to Teach It

  1. Give pairs a digestive tract diagram and cause cards for reflux, gallstones, and appendicitis; have them place each card and mark where symptoms occur.

  2. Ask: Does spicy food cause ulcers, or can it worsen symptoms? Have students answer using an NIH fact sheet.

  3. Read four patient clues aloud; have teams match each case to reflux, lactose intolerance, gallstones, or appendicitis and explain their choice.

  4. Compare milk and lactose-free milk labels, then explain why someone with lactose intolerance might choose one over the other.

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Printable HAP.13.7 Worksheet

Preview of the HAP.13.7 printable worksheet

A ready-to-print activity worksheet aligned to HAP.13.7, with an answer key for the teacher on its own page. No account needed.

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