Indiana Science HS-PSII-2.2
The Standard
Describe the process of the transfer of thermal energy (i.e., heat) that occurs during the heating cycle of a substance from solid to gas and relate the changes in molecular motion to temperature changes that are observed.
Indiana Academic Standards for Science (2023) · Temperature and Thermal Energy Transfer
Teacher's field guide
What This Standard Means
What Students Need to Do
- Students track temperature as a solid warms, melts, becomes liquid, boils, and warms as a gas. They connect rising temperature to faster particle motion and steady temperature during melting and boiling to energy separating particles.
What Mastery Looks Like
- A student can label each part of a heating curve and explain why the temperature holds steady during melting and boiling. They can describe how particle motion changes when the temperature rises.
Common Misconceptions
- Students may think temperature keeps rising during melting and boiling because heat is still being added. Some think the molecules grow larger or stop moving during those flat parts of the graph.
How to Assess It
- Give students a heating curve with two flat sections. Ask them to label melting and boiling, then explain what happens to particle motion on one rising section and one flat section.
Lesson moves
Ways to Teach It
Heat ice in a beaker on a hot plate, record thermometer readings each minute, and graph them through boiling.
Show a heating curve with two flat sections and ask where the added energy goes when temperature stops rising.
Give pairs phase cards and heating curve cards, then have them race to match particle sketches to the correct curve sections.
Sketch ice melting and water boiling on a stove, then label where added heat goes in each scene.
Keep exploring
Related Standards
- HS-PSII-2.3
Cite evidence from everyday life to describe the transfer of thermal energy by conduction, convection, and radiation.
- HS-PSII-2.1
Develop graphical and mathematical representations that describe the relationship among the temperature, thermal energy, and thermal energy transfer (i.e., heat...
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