Florida B.E.S.T. MA.1.AR.2.1

Math1st GradeDevelop an understanding of the relationship between addition and subtraction.

The Standard

Restate a subtraction problem as a missing addend problem using the relationship between addition and subtraction.

Florida B.E.S.T. Standards for Mathematics

Teacher's field guide

What Students Need to Do: Students rewrite a subtraction equation as an addition equation with one unknown part. They use the related addition fact to find and check the difference.
What Mastery Looks Like: A student can rewrite 9 − 4 = ? as 4 + ? = 9 and find 5. The student can check the answer with addition and explain how the two equations are connected.
Common Misconceptions: Students may keep the numbers in the same order and write 9 + ? = 4 for 9 − 4. They may also see subtraction only as taking away, not as finding a missing part.
How to Assess It: Exit ticket: Rewrite 12 − 5 = ? as a missing-addend equation, solve it, and draw a picture that proves your answer.

Lesson moves

Build 10 with counters, cover 3, then record 3 + ? = 10 and 10 − 3 = ?.
Ask, “How does 6 + ? = 14 help you solve 14 − 6?” and have students explain with a drawing.
Give pairs cards to match, such as 13 − 5 = ? and 5 + ? = 13, then solve each match.
Show 11 seats with 7 occupied, then have students write connected addition and subtraction equations to find the empty seats.

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