CCSS.Math.Content.4.NF.B.4
The standard
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication to multiply a fraction by a whole number.
Common Core State Standards for Mathematics · Number and Operations—Fractions
What this standard means
Students need to see a fraction times a whole number as repeated groups of that fraction. They should connect 3 × 2/5 to 2/5 + 2/5 + 2/5, then write the product as 6/5 or 1 1/5 when needed.
Mastery looks like drawing a model, writing an equation, and explaining the match between them. Students often get stuck multiplying both the numerator and denominator, or treating 3 × 2/5 like 3/1 + 2/5. Mixed numbers can also hide the simple repeated-addition idea.
Ways to teach it
- Use fraction strips to build 4 groups of 3/8, then record the repeated addition and multiplication equation.
- Ask students to explain which is larger, 5 × 1/6 or 3 × 1/3, using a drawing and words.
- Give an exit ticket with 6 × 2/7, asking for a model, an equation, and the product.
- Use a recipe card where one batch needs 3/4 cup of oats, then find the amount for 5 batches.
Plan a lesson for CCSS.Math.Content.4.NF.B.4
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Related standards
- CCSS.Math.Content.5.NF.B.4
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication to multiply a fraction or whole number by a fraction.
- CCSS.Math.Content.5.NF.B.7
Apply and extend previous understandings of division to divide unit fractions by whole numbers and whole numbers by unit fractions.
- CCSS.Math.Content.6.NS.A
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.
- CCSS.Math.Content.5.NF.B
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to multiply and divide fractions.