Virginia SOL 2.CE.1.d
The Standard
Demonstrate fluency with addition and subtraction within 20 by applying reasoning strategies (e.g., doubles, near doubles, make-a-ten, compensations, inverse relationships).
Virginia Standards of Learning for Mathematics · The student will recall with automaticity addition and subtraction facts within 20 and estimate, represent, solve, and justify solutions to single-step and multistep problems, including those in context, using addition and subtraction with whole numbers where addends or minuends do not exceed 100.
Teacher's field guide
What This Standard Means
What Students Need to Do
- Students solve addition and subtraction facts within 20 using known number relationships. They use strategies such as doubles, making ten, adjusting numbers, and related addition and subtraction facts.
What Mastery Looks Like
- Students solve facts within 20 accurately and without counting each object or number. They choose an efficient strategy and explain how known facts helped them find the answer.
Common Misconceptions
- Students may count every fact by ones instead of using known relationships. They may misuse near doubles by adjusting in the wrong direction. Some do not connect an addition fact, such as 8 + 7 = 15, to related subtraction facts.
How to Assess It
- Give students 8 + 7, 9 + 6, 13 - 5, and 16 - 7. Ask them to solve each, then label and explain one strategy they used.
Lesson moves
Ways to Teach It
Have students build facts with counters on double ten-frames, move counters to make ten, and record the matching equations.
Ask students how knowing 8 + 7 can help them solve 15 - 8, then compare explanations.
Play Fact Strategy Match by pairing fact cards with doubles, near-doubles, make-ten, compensation, or inverse cards.
Count 9 red and 6 blue classroom markers, then explain how making ten finds the total without counting all.
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Printable 2.CE.1.d Worksheet
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