Virginia SOL 10.LU.2.B
The Standard
Apply a style manual, such as that of the Modern Language Association (MLA) or the American Psychological Association (APA), to apply rules for punctuation and formatting of direct quotations in writing.
Virginia Standards of Learning for English · Mechanics
Teacher's field guide
What This Standard Means
What Students Need to Do
- Students integrate direct quotations into their own sentences and format them according to an assigned style guide. They place quotation marks, punctuation, and citations correctly. They also format longer quotations and altered wording when needed.
What Mastery Looks Like
- A student can turn a source passage into a smooth sentence with an accurate quotation, correct punctuation, and a correctly placed parenthetical citation. The student can consult the assigned manual to fix a block quotation or an omission.
Common Misconceptions
- Students often put the final period before a parenthetical citation, add a comma before every quotation, or leave citations outside the sentence. They may use quotation marks around block quotations. They may also change quoted words without brackets or omit words without an ellipsis.
How to Assess It
- Give students a three-sentence source excerpt with an author and page number, plus one flawed quotation containing three errors. Ask them to rewrite it in the assigned style and label each correction.
Lesson moves
Ways to Teach It
Give pairs sentence strips containing a quotation, signal phrase, citation, and punctuation, then have them arrange the strips into a correctly formatted sentence.
Ask students to compare two versions of one quotation and write which follows the style guide, citing the rule they used.
Run an error hunt with six projected quotations. Teams earn a point for each correction and another point for naming the rule.
Have students revise a quotation from a news article for a school newspaper paragraph using the publication's assigned citation style.
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