Virginia SOL 12.R.1.F
The Standard
Cite sources for quoted and paraphrased ideas using a standard method of documentation, such as the Modern Language Association (MLA) or the American Psychological Association (APA).
Virginia Standards of Learning for English
Teacher's field guide
What This Standard Means
What Students Need to Do
- Students show where borrowed words and ideas came from. They use one documentation style consistently, including in-text citations and matching source entries.
What Mastery Looks Like
- Students accurately cite quotations and paraphrases in one consistent style. Each in-text citation points clearly to a complete Works Cited or References entry.
Common Misconceptions
- Students often think changing a few words removes the need for a citation. They may also mix MLA and APA rules, omit page numbers, or create entries that do not match their in-text citations.
How to Assess It
- Give students a short source excerpt. Ask them to write one quoted sentence and one paraphrased sentence, each with an in-text citation and a matching reference entry.
Lesson moves
Ways to Teach It
Give pairs source-detail cards and have them assemble one correct in-text citation and matching reference entry using an MLA or APA guide.
Ask students to explain in writing why a paraphrase still needs a citation, then compare answers with a partner.
Run a citation repair relay where teams correct missing authors, dates, page numbers, punctuation, and reference entries in sample sentences.
Use a college article or workplace report and have students cite one borrowed claim in the format required by that setting.
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