Virginia SOL 9.LU.2.B
The Standard
Apply a style manual, such as that of the Modern Language Association (MLA) or the American Psychological Association (APA) to apply rules for citing sources.
Virginia Standards of Learning for English · Mechanics
Teacher's field guide
What This Standard Means
What Students Need to Do
- Students use an assigned style guide to cite books, articles, websites, and other sources. They create in-text citations and matching source entries using consistent rules.
What Mastery Looks Like
- Students can format an in-text citation and a matching Works Cited or References entry. They use the correct order, capitalization, italics, and punctuation for the source type.
Common Misconceptions
- Students may list a URL instead of building a complete source entry. They may omit in-text citations, place punctuation incorrectly, or mix MLA and APA rules.
How to Assess It
- Give students one quoted sentence and its source details. Ask them to add an in-text citation and create the matching source entry in the assigned style.
Lesson moves
Ways to Teach It
Give pairs source cards and cut-apart citation parts to arrange, then check the order, capitalization, italics, and punctuation with a style guide.
Display two versions of one citation and ask students to explain in writing which follows the assigned style and why.
Play a citation error hunt where teams correct mistakes in sample in-text citations and source entries for points.
Have students cite a school website announcement as if they used it in an article for the student newspaper.
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