K.3.A
The Standard
model the action of joining to represent addition and the action of separating to represent subtraction
Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Mathematics
Teacher's field guide
What This Standard Means
What Students Need to Do
- Students show what happens when objects are put into a group or taken out of a group. They use objects, pictures, or actions to find the new amount.
What Mastery Looks Like
- A student uses counters, drawings, or actions to show objects being added to or removed from a group. The student correctly tells how many there are altogether or how many remain.
Common Misconceptions
- Students may recount the starting group instead of finding the new amount. They may also add when objects are taken away, or subtract when more objects join.
How to Assess It
- Give each student six counters. Say, “Show 4 counters, add 2 more, then show 5 counters and take away 3,” and ask what each result means.
Lesson moves
Ways to Teach It
Give pairs counters and story cards, then have them build each starting group and physically add or remove the stated amount.
Ask, “Mia has 3 apples and gets 2 more. What happens to her group?” Students draw and explain their thinking.
Play a cube game where students roll, build a group, then draw a card telling them to add or remove cubes.
Set up a pretend snack table where students place crackers on plates, add more for guests, or remove crackers that are eaten.
Keep exploring
Related Standards
- 4.3.E
represent and solve addition and subtraction of fractions with equal denominators using objects and pictorial models that build to the number line and propertie...
- 6.3.C
represent integer operations with concrete models and connect the actions with the models to standardized algorithms
- 2.6.A
model, create, and describe contextual multiplication situations in which equivalent sets of concrete objects are joined
- 5.3.H
represent and solve addition and subtraction of fractions with unequal denominators referring to the same whole using objects and pictorial models and propertie...
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