Montana Math MT.K.OA.5

MathKindergartenOperations and Algebraic Thinking

The Standard

Flexibly and accurately add and subtract within 5.

2026 Montana Mathematics Content Standards

Teacher's field guide

What Students Need to Do: Students add and subtract with answers from 0 to 5. They use fingers, counters, drawings, or number pairs they know, and try another way when it helps.
What Mastery Looks Like: A student can solve 4 + 1 and 5 - 3 accurately. They can show two ways to solve one problem, such as using counters and fingers, and explain what they did.
Common Misconceptions: When counting on for 3 + 2, students may count 3 as the first new number and answer 4. For 5 - 2, they may give the number taken away, 2, instead of the number left, 3.
How to Assess It: Exit ticket: Solve 4 + 1 and 5 - 2. Show a second way to find one of the answers using fingers or a drawing.

Lesson moves

Put five counters on each desk; have partners slide two under a cup and say how many remain.
Draw three dots and two dots; ask, 'How can you find the total two different ways?' Have children explain to a partner.
Play a five-frame match game: children build an addition or subtraction card with counters, then match it to an answer card.
Place two pencils in a supply cup, add three, and ask how many pencils are ready for the table.

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