Montana Math MT.1.OA.6

Math1st GradeOperations and Algebraic Thinking

The Standard

Flexibly, accurately, and efficiently add and subtract within 10.

2026 Montana Mathematics Content Standards

Teacher's field guide

What Students Need to Do: Students add and subtract numbers within 10 correctly. They use known facts, counting on or back, and objects when needed.
What Mastery Looks Like: A student solves 7 + 2 and 9 - 4 correctly without counting every object from one. They can show or explain how they got each answer.
Common Misconceptions: Some students recount every object from one instead of counting on from the larger number. Others reverse the numbers in a subtraction problem or think subtracting zero changes the number.
How to Assess It: On an exit ticket, ask students to solve 6 + 3 and 9 - 4. Have them draw or write how they solved one problem.

Lesson moves

Put 6 counters on a ten-frame, add 3, then remove 4; have students say the total after each move.
Ask, “How can you solve 8 - 5 without counting every counter?” Have students draw their steps and compare with a partner.
Give pairs number cards from 0 to 10; have them match cards that make 10 and write a subtraction fact for each pair.
Set out 8 paper cups for snack, take away 3, and ask students how many remain without recounting every cup.

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