Montana Math MT.K.OA.4

MathKindergartenOperations and Algebraic Thinking

The Standard

For any number from 1 to 9, find the number that makes 10 when added to the given number.

2026 Montana Mathematics Content Standards

Teacher's field guide

What Students Need to Do: Given a number from 1 to 9, students find how many more make 10. They show the missing amount with counters, a ten-frame, or a number sentence.
What Mastery Looks Like: Given 7, a student adds 3 and writes 7 + 3 = 10. They can explain that three spaces are empty on a ten-frame.
Common Misconceptions: Some students answer 10 instead of naming the missing part. Others count the filled spaces again, so they say 6 needs 6 more.
How to Assess It: Show a ten-frame with 8 counters. Ask students to draw the missing counters and complete 8 + __ = 10.

Lesson moves

Place 6 counters on a ten-frame. Have students fill the empty boxes with a second color and count the new counters.
Show 7 dots on a ten-frame and ask, "How many more make 10? How can you tell?"
Use two sets of number cards from 1 to 9; partners find pairs that make 10 and record each pair.
Draw a ten-seat bus with 6 passengers; students draw enough passengers to fill it and write the missing number.

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