Mississippi Science E.7.9C.2

Science7th GradeEarth and Space Science

The Standard

E.7.9C
Students will demonstrate an understanding that the seasons are the direct result of the Earth's tilt and the intensity of sunlight on the Earth's hemispheres.
Investigate how variations of sunlight intensity experienced by each hemisphere (to include the equator and poles) create the four seasons.

2026 Mississippi College- and Career-Readiness Standards for Science · Earth’s Systems and Cycles

Teacher's field guide

What This Standard Means

What Students Need to Do

Students use a tilted globe and lamp to see how sunlight changes during the year at the equator, poles, and each hemisphere. They explain why the hemispheres have opposite seasons and why seasonal changes differ by latitude.

What Mastery Looks Like

A student can show why the Northern Hemisphere gets more direct sunlight in June while the Southern Hemisphere gets less. They can explain why the equator changes less through the year and why a pole can have months of daylight or darkness.

Common Misconceptions

Students may say summer happens when Earth is closer to the Sun, or that both hemispheres have summer at the same time. Some think the equator has the same seasonal swing as the poles, or that the poles stay dark all year.

How to Assess It

Draw Earth in June with the North Pole tilted toward the Sun. Ask students to label each hemisphere’s season, mark the pole with continuous daylight, and explain why the equator changes less.

Lesson moves

Ways to Teach It

  1. Compare light on equator and both pole stickers as a tilted globe circles a lamp, its axis always pointed at one wall.

  2. Write two sentences explaining why July is summer in New York but winter in Buenos Aires, using Earth's tilt and sunlight angle.

  3. Deal four diagrams of Earth's orbit; partners label each hemisphere's season, then check where the poles have 24-hour daylight.

  4. Compare June and December daylight records for Tromsø and Quito on timeanddate.com, then explain why the numbers differ.

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