Indiana Science HS-PSII-1.1
The Standard
For a system consisting of a single object with a net external force applied, qualitatively and quantitatively predict changes in its linear momentum using the impulse-momentum theorem and in its translational kinetic energy using the work-energy theorem.
Indiana Academic Standards for Science (2023) · Energy and Momentum in Two Dimensions
Teacher's field guide
What This Standard Means
What Students Need to Do
- Students use net force and the time it acts to find how an object's momentum changes in each direction. They use net force and displacement to find how its kinetic energy changes.
What Mastery Looks Like
- A student calculates the east and north parts of a momentum change, then adds them to the starting momentum. The student calculates work from force along the displacement and uses it to find the final kinetic energy.
Common Misconceptions
- Students may multiply force by distance to find momentum change, or force by time to find energy change. They may ignore direction in momentum calculations or count a force perpendicular to displacement as doing work.
How to Assess It
- A 2 kg cart starts at 1 m/s east. A net force of 2 N east and 2 N north acts for 2 s while it moves 4 m east and 2 m north. Ask students to find its final momentum vector and kinetic energy.
Lesson moves
Ways to Teach It
Pull a toy cart diagonally across taped floor axes with a spring scale, and record the pull time, force, and displacement.
Draw a cart moving east under a northward force, then explain why its momentum gains a northward component and its kinetic energy rises.
Give pairs cards with force vectors, pull times, and displacements; have them match each card to momentum and energy changes.
Use a soccer kick diagram with a labeled force arrow and contact time to calculate the ball's momentum change in two directions.
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Printable HS-PSII-1.1 Worksheet
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