Virginia SOL VS.11.a
The Standard
explaining the social and political events connected to disenfranchisement of African American voters in Virginia in the early 20th century, desegregation, court decisions, and Massive Resistance, with emphasis on the role of Virginians in the Supreme Court cases including, but not limited to Brown v. Board of Education
Virginia Standards of Learning for History and Social Science
Teacher's field guide
What This Standard Means
What Students Need to Do
- Students explain how poll taxes and literacy tests blocked many African American Virginians from voting. They connect Barbara Johns's student protest, Virginia lawyers' court work, the Brown decision, and Massive Resistance through cause and effect.
What Mastery Looks Like
- Students can place major events in order and explain how each event led to the next. They can describe how Oliver Hill, Spottswood Robinson, and Barbara Johns helped challenge segregated schools.
Common Misconceptions
- Students may think school integration happened immediately after the Brown decision. They may also think voting restrictions affected everyone equally or that Massive Resistance was a protest against segregation.
How to Assess It
- Give students four event cards: Barbara Johns's protest, the Brown decision, Massive Resistance, and Virginia school closings. Ask them to order the cards and write one cause and effect sentence.
Lesson moves
Ways to Teach It
Have groups arrange event, person, and result cards on a classroom timeline, then connect related cards with yarn.
Ask students to write why Barbara Johns risked punishment by leading a student protest for equal schools.
Play a matching game using Virginia leaders, court cases, government actions, and their effects on voting or schools.
Mark Prince Edward County on a Virginia map and examine a photograph of students affected by public school closings.
Keep exploring
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- VS.8.f
analyzing the effects of segregation and “Jim Crow” laws on life in Virginia
- VS.11.b
investigating the political, social, and economic effects of choices made during the Civil Rights Era by Virginians including, but not limited to Maggie Walker,...
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