8.5.B

Math8th Grade

The Standard

represent linear non-proportional situations with tables, graphs, and equations in the form of y = mx + b, where b ≠ 0

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Mathematics

Teacher's field guide

What This Standard Means

What Students Need to Do

Students identify a constant rate and a starting value that is not zero. They show the same situation with a table, plotted points, a line, and an equation.

What Mastery Looks Like

Students correctly identify the constant rate and nonzero starting value from any representation. They create a table, graph, and equation that show the same relationship and explain how the slope and intercept appear in each.

Common Misconceptions

Students may treat the starting value as zero or confuse it with the rate of change. They may switch the slope and y-intercept or plot the intercept on the x-axis.

How to Assess It

Give this exit ticket: “A tank starts with 12 gallons and fills 3 gallons per minute. Make a table, graph the first four points, and write an equation.”

Lesson moves

Ways to Teach It

  1. Give pairs cups and counters to model a starting amount plus equal additions, then record totals in a table and graph them.

  2. Ask students to explain in writing where the starting value and rate appear in a table, graph, and equation.

  3. Run a matching game with cards showing equations, tables, graphs, slopes, and starting values from the same relationships.

  4. Compare a taxi fare with a base fee and per-mile charge, then represent the cost with a table, graph, and equation.

Keep exploring

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