South Dakota ELA 4.W.2.c
The Standard
- 4.W.2
- Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas and information clearly.
Link ideas within paragraphs and sections of information using grade level appropriate words and phrases.
South Dakota English Language Arts Standards (2025)
Teacher's field guide
What This Standard Means
What Students Need to Do
- Students connect facts in an information piece so readers can follow how they fit together. They choose words such as 'for example,' 'also,' and 'as a result' within paragraphs and when moving to a new section.
What Mastery Looks Like
- A student can write 'As a result, flowers can make seeds' after explaining how bees move pollen. They can open a butterfly section with 'Like bees, butterflies move pollen' to connect the sections.
Common Misconceptions
- Students may put 'also' before every sentence, even when the next fact shows a result or gives an example. They may start a new section without connecting it to the last one, or use 'however' when the ideas do not contrast.
How to Assess It
- Exit ticket: Give students two sections, 'Bees: Bees move pollen between flowers. Flowers can make seeds' and 'Butterflies: Butterflies move pollen between flowers. Flowers can make seeds'; ask them to add a link within each section and one between sections.
Lesson moves
Ways to Teach It
Give pairs fact strips about frogs and toads; have them sort the strips into two sections and add transition cards within and between sections.
Ask which fits between 'Rain fell overnight' and 'The playground flooded': 'for example' or 'as a result,' and have students explain why.
Play transition match: students pair 'for example,' 'also,' and 'as a result' with short fact pairs, then read each pair aloud.
Have students draft two sections for a school recycling flyer, linking facts within each section and connecting paper recycling to plastic recycling.
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Related Standards
- 5.W.1.c
Link opinion and reasons using grade level appropriate words, phrases, and clauses.
- 2.W.2.c
use grade level appropriate linking words and phrases to connect ideas.
- 5.W.2.c
Link ideas within and across categories, paragraphs or sections of information using grade level appropriate words, phrases, and clauses.
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