Mississippi Math FA.F.19

MathGrades 9–12Functions (F) Functions

The Standard

Create and identify the parent function for linear and quadratic functions in the Coordinate Plane.

2025 Mississippi College- and Career-Readiness Standards for Mathematics

Teacher's field guide

What Students Need to Do: Students make tables, plot points, and draw the graphs of y=x and y=x². They identify each as the starting graph for its function family.
What Mastery Looks Like: A student graphs y=x as a line through the origin and y=x² as a U-shaped curve. They can pick out each parent graph from a set of shifted graphs.
Common Misconceptions: Students may call any line or parabola a parent graph. They may plot negative inputs below the x-axis for y=x², forgetting that squaring a negative gives a positive.
How to Assess It: On a blank coordinate plane, graph y=x and y=x² for x=-2, -1, 0, 1, and 2. Circle the parent graph of y=(x-3)².

Lesson moves

Place stickers at the points for y=x and y=x² when x is -2, -1, 0, 1, or 2, then connect each set.
Show y=x, y=3x+2, y=x², and y=(x-1)²; ask which are parent graphs and what changed in the others.
Give students graph cards for y=x, y=x+3, y=x², and y=x²+3; have them match each shifted graph to its parent.
Plot distance at 1 meter per second and square garden area for side lengths 1, 2, and 3 meters, then compare the graphs.

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