Maryland Math 3.NOS.E.9.d

Math3rd GradeNumber and Operation Sense

The Standard

3.NOS.E.9: Recall or quickly derive multiplication and division facts within 100 (e.g., factors less than or equal to 10 and quotients less than or equal to 10).

Use the inverse relationship between multiplication and division (e.g., think of 4 × ? = 28 to solve 28 ÷ 4 = ?) to multiply and divide.

Maryland College and Career Ready Standards for Mathematics (2025) · MULTIPLY AND DIVIDE WITHIN 100.

Teacher's field guide

What Students Need to Do: Students use multiplication to solve division problems and division to find missing factors. They connect both equations using the same three numbers.
What Mastery Looks Like: Given 42 ÷ 6, a student writes 6 × ? = 42 and answers 7. Given 8 × ? = 56, they use 56 ÷ 8 = 7 and check by multiplying.
Common Misconceptions: Some students reverse the numbers and read 28 ÷ 4 as 4 ÷ 28. Others write 4 × 28 = ? instead of 4 × ? = 28, losing track of the total.
How to Assess It: On an exit ticket, ask: Solve 36 ÷ 4 by writing a multiplication equation with a missing factor. Explain how your equation gives the answer.

Lesson moves

Give pairs 24 counters to make equal groups of 6, then have them write 6 × ? = 24 and 24 ÷ 6 = ?.
Ask students to explain in writing why 5 × ? = 35 helps them solve 35 ÷ 5.
Give pairs cards marked 6, 8, and 48, then challenge them to write two multiplication and two division equations.
Sketch 30 chairs in rows of 5 and ask students to find the number of rows using both multiplication and division.

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