Alabama Social Studies SS24.E.9

SS24.E.9 is a cluster heading. These are the individual standards under it.

• SS24.E.9a

  Explain how the United States Federal Reserve System regulates the banking system and uses its tools of monetary policy through an ample reserve system to achie...

• SS24.E.9b

  Describe how Congress and state legislatures use fiscal policy to achieve their economic, social, and political goals, including taxing, spending, grants, and m...

• SS24.E.9c

  Correlate fluctuations in government deficits over time to the extent of national debt during those periods.

01

What Students Need to Do

Students tell apart Federal Reserve actions and tax or spending choices by Congress and state lawmakers. They explain how bank oversight, interest paid on reserves, grants, and mandates affect jobs, prices, or growth. They use past events to connect annual deficits with the national debt.

02

What Mastery Looks Like

A student explains how the Fed uses interest paid on reserves to steer short-term rates and checks banks for safety. They link a tax, grant, or mandate to a government goal and predict an effect on the economy. They can track how repeated deficits add to debt and use 2020 relief payments or 2022 rate hikes as examples.

03

Common Misconceptions

Students may call a Fed rate change a tax decision or think the Fed sets every loan rate directly. Some assume every government mandate comes with grant money. Others confuse one year's deficit with the total debt, or think lower inflation means prices have fallen.

04

How to Assess It

Exit ticket: Compare 2020 federal relief payments with the Fed's 2022 rate hikes. Name which was fiscal and which was monetary, give one likely effect on jobs or prices, and explain what repeated deficits do to debt.

1. 01

   Give pairs cards labeled tax cut, state road grant, bank inspection, and higher interest on reserves; have them sort by decision maker and likely effect.

2. 02

   Ask: How could a federal highway grant create jobs while a Fed rate hike cools prices, and why might both happen together?

3. 03

   Run a simple debt tracker: start at $20 trillion, draw deficit and surplus cards for five years, and update the running total.

4. 04

   Use a receipt for a taxable item to calculate sales tax paid, then find one service your state funds with tax revenue.

• SS24.US2.15c

  Identify the reasons for the economic fluctuations of the 1970s and evaluate the effectiveness of government action on the problem of stagflation.

• SS24.E.8d

  Explain how unemployment and inflation affect individuals and nations, citing specific examples.

• SS24.E.7a

  Research and explain ways the government influences the economy, including promoting and securing competition, protecting private property rights, distributing ...