South Dakota ELA 1.RF.2.l

ELA1st GradeReading Foundational Skills

The Standard

1.RF.2: Demonstrate proficiency of identifying, blending, and segmenting phonemes (sounds) in spoken words.

Substitute one phoneme in a word to create a new word.

South Dakota English Language Arts Standards (2025)

Teacher's field guide

What Students Need to Do: Students hear a short word, change one sound, and say the new word. They keep the other sounds in the same order.
What Mastery Looks Like: When asked to change the /m/ in mat to /s/, a student says sat. They can change a sound at the start, middle, or end of a spoken word.
Common Misconceptions: Some students add a sound instead of replacing one. Others change the whole word, or confuse a sound with the letter used to write it.
How to Assess It: Say, “Change the last sound in cat from /t/ to /p/. What word do you get?” Listen for cap.

Lesson moves

Give pairs three sound boxes and counters; say cat, then have them replace the first counter and say hat.
Ask, “When cat becomes cap, which sound changed, and which sounds stayed the same?”
Play a spoken word chain: say cat, cue /k/ to /h/ for hat, then /t/ to /m/ for ham.
Show photos of a cat and a cap; have students name each and tell which sound changed.

Free download

A ready-to-print activity worksheet aligned to 1.RF.2.l, with an answer key for the teacher on its own page. No account needed.

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