Maryland Math 4.NOS.C.8.a

Math4th GradeNumber and Operation Sense

The Standard

4.NOS.C.8: Explain and apply concepts of factors, multiples, and prime and composite numbers for whole numbers in the range of 1-100.

Identify factor pairs for a whole number in the range of 1–100.

Maryland College and Career Ready Standards for Mathematics (2025) · GAIN FAMILIARITY WITH FACTORS AND MULTIPLES.

Teacher's field guide

What Students Need to Do: Students find two whole numbers that multiply to make a given number. They list every distinct pair, including 1 and the number.
What Mastery Looks Like: For 36, a student lists 1 and 36, 2 and 18, 3 and 12, 4 and 9, and 6 and 6. They test numbers in order until the factors meet to check that no pairs are missing.
Common Misconceptions: Students may list multiples instead of factors. They may leave out 1 and the number, count a reversed pair twice, or stop before finding every pair.
How to Assess It: Exit ticket: List every factor pair of 24. How do you know you found them all?

Lesson moves

Give students 24 counters to arrange in equal rows, then have them record the rows and columns for each arrangement.
Ask: Why are 3 and 6 the same factor pair as 6 and 3? Have students explain in two sentences.
Place cards labeled 12, 18, 20, 24, and 36 face down; partners flip one and race to list every factor pair.
Ask students to sketch every way to arrange 30 chairs in equal rows and label the number of rows and chairs per row.

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