Maryland Math 4.NOS.B.3.d
The Standard
- 4.NOS.B.3
- Fluently add and subtract multi-digit whole numbers within 1,000,000.
Determine and explain when a strategy or algorithm is most efficient.
Maryland College and Career Ready Standards for Mathematics (2025) · USE PLACE VALUE UNDERSTANDING AND PROPERTIES OF OPERATIONS TO PERFORM MULTI-DIGIT ARITHMETIC.
Teacher's field guide
What This Standard Means
What Students Need to Do
- Students solve multi-digit calculations in more than one way. They choose a method that fits the numbers and explain why it takes less work without changing the answer.
What Mastery Looks Like
- For 500 - 298, a student uses 500 - 300 + 2 and explains why they add 2 back. They can compare it with written subtraction and say why it takes less work here.
Common Misconceptions
- Students may think the written algorithm is always the quickest choice. When changing 298 to 300, they may subtract 2 again instead of adding it back. Some choose a method because it looks short without checking their answer.
How to Assess It
- Exit ticket: Solve 700 - 399 by written subtraction and by 700 - 400 + 1. Which method would you use next time, and why?
Lesson moves
Ways to Teach It
Build 302 - 99 with base-ten blocks, then compare the trades you made with solving 302 - 100 + 1.
Ask, “For 399 + 246, would you add in columns or use 400 + 246 - 1? Why?”
Play Strategy Sort with cards showing 47 + 36, 500 - 298, and 24 × 15; students pick and defend a method.
Give students a $400 class budget and a $198 supply bill; ask them to find the balance two ways and recommend one.
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