Maryland ELA RF.2.3.e
The Standard
- RF.2.3
- Know and apply phonics and word analysis skills in reading (decoding) and writing (encoding) words. Know and apply phonics skills to read (decode) and write (encode) one syllable words. Read (decode) and write (encode) words with inflectional suffixes. Read (decode) and write (encode) two-syllable words with known letter-sound correspondences. (dollar, wrestle, kidney, odor) Read (decode) and write (encode) words with common prefixes and derivational suffixes. Know and apply spelling rules to write (encode) words with increased accuracy.
Know and apply spelling rules to write (encode) words with increased accuracy.
Maryland College and Career Ready Standards for English Language Arts (2025)
Teacher's field guide
What This Standard Means
What Students Need to Do
- Students use spelling rules to write words, not just read them. They check whether a word changes when they add an ending, as in running or sliding.
What Mastery Looks Like
- A student spells running, sliding, and hopping correctly in a dictated sentence. They can explain what changed in each base word and fix a spelling such as runing.
Common Misconceptions
- Students may write runing because they hear only one n. They may write slideing because they keep the silent e, or double a letter in hoping.
How to Assess It
- Dictate, “The dog is running, and the cat is hiding.” Ask students to write the base word under each -ing word and explain what changed.
Lesson moves
Ways to Teach It
Give pairs letter tiles to build run and slide, then change each word to running and sliding.
Ask students to write why run doubles its n while slide loses its e when they add -ing.
Give pairs base-word cards and whiteboards; award a point for each correct -ing spelling and spoken explanation.
Have students make playground signs reading “No running” and “Take turns sliding,” then check both spellings against their base words.
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Printable RF.2.3.e Worksheet
A ready-to-print activity worksheet aligned to RF.2.3.e, with an answer key for the teacher on its own page. No account needed.
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Related Standards
- RF.4-5.3.f
Use knowledge of spelling rules, syllable types, morphology, and etymology to Write (encode) words with accuracy and automaticity.
- RF.3.3.a
Know and apply phonics skills to read (decode) and write (encode) words.
- RF.3.3.d
Know and apply spelling rules to write (encode) words with increased accuracy and automaticity.
- RF.4-5.3.a
Know and apply phonics skills to read (decode) and write (encode) words.
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