CCSS.Math.Content.8.F.A.3

Math8th GradeDefine, evaluate, and compare functions.

The standard

Interpret the equation y = mx + b as defining a linear function, whose graph is a straight line; give examples of functions that are not linear.

Common Core State Standards for Mathematics · Functions

What this standard means

Students need to recognize that equations in the form y = mx + b make straight-line graphs. They should connect m to the rate of change and b to the starting value, then use tables, graphs, and equations to decide whether a function is linear.

Mastery looks like sorting functions from equations, tables, graphs, and situations, and explaining the choice with equal rates of change or a straight line. Students often get stuck thinking any equation with x and y is linear, or they miss nonconstant change in tables like 1, 4, 9.

Ways to teach it

  • Have students graph y = 2x + 1, y = x², and y = 3 on grid paper, then sort the graphs as linear or not linear.
  • Ask students to write how they can tell from a table whether a function will make a straight line.
  • Give a three-row table for each function and ask students to mark linear or not, then justify with rate of change.
  • Compare a taxi base fee plus per-mile charge with the area of a growing square, and have students explain which situation is linear.

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Related standards

  • CCSS.Math.Content.HSF-IF.C.7a

    Graph linear and quadratic functions and show intercepts, maxima, and minima.

  • CCSS.Math.Content.8.EE.B.6

    Use similar triangles to explain why the slope m is the same between any two distinct points on a non-vertical line in the coordinate plane; derive the equation...

  • CCSS.Math.Content.8.SP.A.3

    Use the equation of a linear model to solve problems in the context of bivariate measurement data, interpreting the slope and intercept.

  • CCSS.Math.Content.HSF-LE.A.2

    Construct linear and exponential functions, including arithmetic and geometric sequences, given a graph, a description of a relationship, or two input-output pa...

Standard text verified against corestandards.org on July 10, 2026.

Page updated July 10, 2026.

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